Gilles De La Tourette's Syndrome

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (520) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Eriksson ◽  
Torgny Persson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
The Face ◽  
Motor Tics ◽  
Vocal Tics

The classic and pure form of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome is characterized by: (1) Multiple motor tics, generally developing during childhood or adolescence, starting in the face, neck or hands, and tending to spread to involve most of the skeletal muscles. Sometimes they are paroxysmal, but the victims never lose consciousness. (2) “Vocal tics”, occurring when the contractions spread to the laryngeal muscles. The victims utter sounds, often resembling the cries of an animal, such as barking, bellowing or whinnying (3). Generally the last to appear, though the order probably varies, is a compulsion to shout obscene or blasphemous words, insults or oaths. Echopraxia and echolalia are disorders bordering on this syndrome, and sometimes accompanying it.

scholarly journals Motor, Behavioral and Pharmacologic Findings in Tourette's Syndrome

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (S3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Jankovic ◽  
Haydee Rohaidy
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Motor Tics ◽  
Vocal Tics

ABSTRACT:We studied 112 patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS); the male-to-female ratio was 3.8, the mean age of onset was 7.3 years, and the average duration of symptoms prior to the initial evaluation was 15.2 years. Seventy-nine percent of the patients had at least one family member with motor or vocal tics, and an additional 10 percent had a family member with marked obsessive-compulsive behavior. Simple motor tics occurred as the presenting symptom in about one-third of patients; one-third had multiple motor tics at the onset, and another third started with vocal tics. During the course of the illness all patients developed multifocal motor tics and 86 percent had vocal tics. Verbal and mental coprolalia was present in 44 percent of the patients. Copropraxia was seen in 19 percent of patients, and both coprolalia and copropraxia were more frequent among the males than expected. Attentional deficit disorder was diagnosed in 36 percent of the patients and 32 percent had obsessive-compulsive personality. Sleep disturbances were reported by 62 percent of the patients and polysomnography in 34 patients showed motor and vocal tics during all stages of sleep, sleep apnea, abnormal arousal pattern, and other sleep disturbances. Patients with mild symptoms improved with clonidine or clonazepam, but those with more advanced disorder required fluphenazine, pimozide, haloperidol or tetrabenazine.

Hereditary Agoraphobia and Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviour in Relatives of Patients with Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Comings ◽  
B. G. Comings
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Subtypes ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
Motor Tics ◽  
Vocal Tics

We present 11 pedigrees in which a propositus with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome had first or second-degree relatives with obsessive-compulsive behaviour or agoraphobia with panic attacks, but only partially expressed the TS gene (i.e. had only motor tics or vocal tics, or neither). Of 90 females over the age of 18 presenting with TS, or with motor or vocal tics alone, nine had severe agoraphobia with panic attacks. There may be genetic subtypes of both obsessive-compulsive disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks that are due to partial expression of the TS gene.

Long latency between the onset of motor and vocal tics in Tourette's syndrome

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Lang ◽  
Harvey Moldofsky ◽  
Awad G. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Vocal Tics

scholarly journals ANALYZING THE INFLUENCE OF TIC-RELATED TALK ON VOCAL AND MOTOR TICS IN CHILDREN WITH TOURETTE'S SYNDROME

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Woods ◽  
T. Steuart Watson ◽  
Elizabeth Wolfe ◽  
Michael P. Twohig ◽  
Patrick C. Friman
Keyword(s):  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Motor Tics

Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Adolescent Tourette’s Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Lewis ◽  
Leonard Rappa ◽  
Devon A. Sherwood-Jachimowicz ◽  
Margareth Larose-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Head Bobbing ◽  
Motor Tics ◽  
Homeopathic Remedies

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric, lifelong disorder with onset in childhood. The essential features of this disorder are multiple motor tics and one or more vocalizations. The neurochemical pathophysiology of GTS involves an unknown abnormality in the central dopaminergic system. Atypical antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole, serve as a new therapeutic option for GTS. The authors describe a unique case of Tourette’s syndrome (TS) in an adolescent in which aripiprazole resolved the patient’s symptoms. A 17-year-old, 5′11′′ tall, African American male weighing 220 lbs was diagnosed with TS at 9 years old. By age 16, the patient developed prominent symptoms of intermitted eye blinking, forehead raising, finger snapping, heavy breathing, and head bobbing. Clonidine, in addition to homeopathic remedies ( N-acetylcholine and alpha lipoic acid), was administered to the patient without significant diminution of symptoms. Later, aripiprazole was initiated at 5 mg/d. As a result, noticeable symptomatic improvement occurred within 48 hours. Aripiprazole was titrated over the next 4 weeks to 6.5 mg/d, with significant results. Over the next 6 months, aripiprazole was titrated again to 10 mg/d with additional symptom reduction. This case illustrates a patient who responded to aripiprazole with no reported adverse effects, when standard therapy failed to improve symptoms.

scholarly journals A 2-year longitudinal follow-up of quantitative assessment neck tics in Tourette’s syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261560
Author(s):  
Yosuke Eriguchi ◽  
Xiaoxue Gu ◽  
Naoto Aoki ◽  
Maiko Nonaka ◽  
Ryunosuke Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Motor Tics ◽  
The Individual

Background Neck motor tics in Tourette’s syndrome can cause severe neck complications. Although addressed in a few longitudinal studies, the clinical course of Tourette’s syndrome has not been quantitatively assessed. We had previously developed a method for quantifying the angular movements of neck tics using a compact gyroscope. Here, we present a follow-up study aimed at elucidating the clinical course of neck tics at both the group and individual levels. Methods Eleven patients with Tourette’s syndrome from our previous study participated in the present study, and their neck tics were recorded during a 5-min observation period. The severity of neck symptoms was assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. The peak angular velocities and accelerations, tic counts, and severity scores in our previous study (baseline) and the present study (2-year follow-up) were compared at the group and individual levels. The individual level consistency between baseline and follow-up were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs, one-way random, single measure). Results At the group level, no significant change was observed between baseline and follow-up. At the individual level, angular velocity (ICC 0.73) and YGTSS scores (ICC 0.75) had substantial consistency over the two time points, and angular acceleration (ICC 0.59) and tic counts (ICC 0.69) had moderate consistency. Conclusions The intensity and frequency of neck tics did not change over time. Therefore, quantification of angular neck motor tics will aid in identifying patients with neck tics at high risk for severe neck complications.

scholarly journals Tourette's syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Genetic Heritability ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Motor Tics

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a disorder characterized by simple and complex motor tics, vocal tics, and frequently obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Its onset occurs before the age of 21. Typically, TS shows a waxing and waning course, but a chronification of the tics, even during later life, is often observed. TS mainly occurs in boys, and shows genetic heritability with differing penetrance. The pathological mechanism is still unclear Neuroanatomical and neuroimaging studies, as well as effective treatment using antipsychotics, suggest that a disturbance of the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TS. Several possibly causative mechanisms of the disturbed dopaminergic neurotransmission are discussed, with the main emphasis on the-infection-triggered-inflammatory immune process. Extrapyramidal movement disorders are known to occur as a symptom of poststreptococcal disease, such as in Sydenham's chorea. Cases of childhood TS are proposed to be caused by such a poststreptococcal mechanism, being part of a spectrum of childhood neurobehavioral disorders termed pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). The overlap between TS and PANDAS is discussed, and a critical view of the PANDAS concept is presented. The therapeutic implications of the different pathological mechanisms are described, taking into consideration not only the acute or chronic natures of different infections, but also an autoimmune process. Moreover, therapeutic strategies using typical and atypical antipsychotics, and also experimental therapies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, are critically discussed.

Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (499) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. M. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Motor Tics

The syndrome of multiple motor tics accompanied by explosive utterances was originally described by Itard (1825) and later differentiated as a syndrome by Gilles de la Tourette (1885). Koster (1899) discovered two cases among 2,500 patients admitted to a hospital for nervous diseases in Leipzig and found only 50 recorded cases in the literature available to him. Since then, cases have been reported from Germany (Strauss, 1927), Switzerland (Heuscher, 1950), Poland (Dolmierski and Klossowna, 1958), France (Seignot, 1961), Finland, (Salmi, 1961) and Canada (Baker, 1962), in addition to several from the United States and Great Britain (see below). Mahler et al. (1945) found that 18 out of 541 children admitted to a children's ward in a New York psychiatric hospital had tics, but only 11 of them suffered from “the tic syndrome” (Mahler and Luke, 1946)—a synonym for Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Ascher (1948) found four cases of this condition among 9,000 in-patients and 50,000 out-patients at a psychiatric centre in Baltimore. There was only one case detected among 5,300 children attending an education guidance centre in Turku, Finland (Salmi, 1961). Creak and Guttman (1935) found 14 cases in which tics were noted in the diagnosis among in-patients of the Maudsley Hospital, London, between 1932 and 1935. The rarity of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome is such that a review of published case reports is the only feasible method of surveying the broad aspects of the condition. Three cases treated at Runwell Hospital, Wickford, Essex, and a fourth case treated personally in London are presented and published case reports reviewed.

Movement Disorders 1: Tourette’s Syndrome, Essential Tremor, and Parkinson’s Disease (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kaplan ◽  
Tracey Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Resting Tremor ◽  
Kinetic Tremor ◽  
Vocal Tics

The video in this chapter explores movement disorders, and focuses on Tourette’s Syndrome, Essential tremor, and Parkinson’s Disease. It outlines the characteristics of each, such as motor and vocal tics in Tourette’s Syndrome, postural or kinetic tremor in Essential tremor, and the four hallmark features of Parkinson’s Disease (bradykinesia, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and postural instability).

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