Risk Factors in Schizophrenia

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Baron ◽  
Rhoda Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The association between the familial risk for schizophrenia and season of birth was studied in 88 schizophrenic patients. An increased risk for schizophrenia and ‘spectrum’ disorders was demonstrated among the first-degree relatives of winter and spring-born schizophrenic patients. However, patients with a family history of schizophrenia and ‘spectrum’ disorders did not differ from patients with no family history with respect to season of birth. Season of birth was unrelated to the sex of the patient, birth order, age at onset, or clinical subtypes (paranoid vs non-paranoid, as defined by the RDC, and ‘narrow’ vs ‘broad’, as defined by Taylor & Abrams' 1975 criteria). The morbid-risk data support a ‘stress-diathesis' hypothesis whereby environmental factors (in this case a seasonally varying viral insult may be implicated) interact with genetic vulnerability to increase the risk for schizophrenia.

Parental family history of dementia in relation to subclinical brain disease and dementia risk

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (17) ◽  
pp. 1642-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Wolters ◽  
Sven J. van der Lee ◽  
Peter J. Koudstaal ◽  
Cornelia M. van Duijn ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parental Family

Objective:To determine the association of parental family history with risk of dementia by age at onset and sex of affected parent in a population-based cohort.Methods:From 2000 to 2002, we assessed parental history of dementia in participants without dementia of the Rotterdam Study. We investigated associations of parental history with risk of dementia until 2015, adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and known genetic risk variants. Furthermore, we determined the association between parental history and markers of neurodegeneration and vascular disease on MRI.Results:Of 2,087 participants (mean age 64 years, 55% female), 407 (19.6%) reported a history of dementia in either parent (mean age at diagnosis 79 years). During a mean follow-up of 12.2 years, 142 participants developed dementia. Parental history was associated with risk of dementia independently of known genetic risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.48), in particular when parents were diagnosed at younger age (<80 years: HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.61–4.15; ≥80 years: HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.58–1.77). Accordingly, age at diagnosis in probands was highly correlated with age at diagnosis in their parents <80 years (r = 0.57, p = 0.001) but not thereafter (r = 0.17, p = 0.55). Among 1,161 participants without dementia with brain MRI, parental history was related to lower cerebral perfusion and higher burden of white matter lesions and microbleeds. Dementia risk and MRI markers were similar for paternal and maternal history.Conclusions:Parental history of dementia increases risk of dementia, primarily when age at parental diagnosis is <80 years. Unexplained heredity may be attributed in part to cerebral hypoperfusion and small vessel disease. We found no evidence of preferential maternal compared to paternal transmission.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction in Euthyroid Women Prior to Pregnancy

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Boyan I. Nonchev ◽  
Antoaneta V. Argatska ◽  
Blagovest K. Pehlivanov ◽  
Maria M. Orbetzova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction

AbstractBackground:Thyroid dysfunction is common during the postpartum and the predisposing factors for its development are considered specific for the population studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) in euthyroid women prior to pregnancy.Materials and methods:Forty-five women with PPTD and 55 age-matched euthyroid postpartum women from Plovdiv, Bulgaria were included in the study. TSH, FT4, FT3, TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb were measured and ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid was performed in the first trimester of pregnancy and during the postpartum.Results:The study found higher risk of developing PPTD in women with family history of thyroid disease (OR 4.42; 95% CI 1.87,10.43), smokers (OR 4.01; 95% CI 1.72,9.35), personal history of autoimmune thyroid disease (OR 5.37; 95% CI 1.15,28.53), positive TPOAb (OR 18.12; 95% CI 4.93,66.65) and thyroid US hypoechogenicity during early pregnancy (OR 6.39; 95% CI 2.53,16.12) and those who needed levothyroxine during pregnancy (OR 3.69; 95% CI 1.28,10.61). BMI before pregnancy was significantly lower in women with PPTD than in euthyroid postpartum women (22.80±0.55 vs 26.25±0.97, p=0.013). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified as most important independent risk factors for PPTD occurrence the TPOAb positivity during early pregnancy, family history of thyroid disease, smoking and lower BMI before pregnancy.Conclusion:Our data suggest that in the population studied several factors are associated with an increased risk of PPTD and screening for thyroid disorders among those women can be beneficial.

scholarly journals Isolated night cough in children: how does it differ from wheeze?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00217-2020
Author(s):  
Maja Jurca ◽  
Myrofora Goutaki ◽  
Philipp Latzin ◽  
Erol A. Gaillard ◽  
Ben D. Spycher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Variant Form ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cough Variant Asthma ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Similar Risk

It has been postulated that some children with recurrent cough but no wheeze have a mild form of asthma (cough variant asthma), with similar risk factors and an increased risk of future wheeze.This longitudinal study compared risk factors for isolated night cough and for wheeze in the Leicester Respiratory Cohort in children aged 1, 4, 6 and 9 years and compared prognosis of children with isolated night cough, children with wheeze and asymptomatic children.We included 4101 children aged 1 year, 2854 aged 4 years, 2369 aged 6 years and 1688 aged 9 years. The prevalence of isolated night cough was 10% at age 1 year and 18% in older children. Prevalence of wheeze decreased from 35% at 1 year to 13% at 9 years. Although several risk factors were similar for cough and wheeze, day care, reflux and family history of bronchitis were more strongly associated with cough, and male sex and family history of asthma with wheeze. Over one-third of preschool children with cough continued to cough at school age, but their risk of developing wheeze was similar to that of children who were asymptomatic at earlier surveys. Wheeze tracked more strongly throughout childhood than cough.In conclusion, our study showed that only some risk factors for cough and wheeze were shared but many were not, and there was little evidence for an increased risk of future wheeze in children with isolated night cough. This provides little support for the hypothesis that recurrent cough without wheeze may indicate a variant form of asthma.

scholarly journals Isolated night cough in children: how does it differ from wheeze?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Jurca ◽  
Myrofora Goutaki ◽  
Philipp Latzin ◽  
Erol A. Gaillard ◽  
Ben D. Spycher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Cough Variant Asthma ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractBackgroundChildren with night cough but no wheeze might have a mild form of asthma (cough variant asthma), sharing risk factors with children who wheeze, and possibly developing wheeze later.MethodsWe compared risk factors of children with isolated night cough and children with wheeze in the Leicester Respiratory Cohort study at ages 1, 4, 6, and 9 years. We also compared prognoses of children with isolated night cough, children with wheeze, and asymptomatic children.ResultsAmong 4,101 children at age 1 year, 2,854 at 4, 2,369 at 6, and 1,688 at 9 years, the prevalence of isolated night cough was 10% at age 1 and 18% in older children, while prevalence of wheeze decreased from 35% at 1 year to 13% at age 9. Although many risk factors were the same for cough and wheeze, day care, reflux, and family history of bronchitis were more strongly associated with cough, and male sex and family history of asthma with wheeze. Over one-third of pre-schoolers with cough continued to cough at school age, but their risk of developing wheeze was similar to that of children asymptomatic at earlier surveys. Wheeze tracked more strongly throughout childhood than cough.ConclusionsSome risk factors for cough and wheeze were shared and some were not; there was little evidence that children with isolated night cough have an increased risk of future wheeze. This suggests that only a fraction of children with isolated night cough might have a variant of asthma, if at all.

Risk factors for cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-325701
Author(s):  
Tianmi Yang ◽  
Yanbing Hou ◽  
Chunyu Li ◽  
Bei Cao ◽  
Yangfan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bulbar Onset ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ObjectiveCognitive impairment is a common, far-reaching but imperceptible manifestation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to identify the risk factors for cognitive impairment in ALS.MethodsWe searched PubMed and EMBASE for cross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies that reported predictors of cognitive impairment in ALS. The obtained data were meta-analysed to generate overall ORs and 95% CIs.ResultsTwenty-seven eligible articles reporting on 6799 individuals were included out of 20 501 records. Nine predictors were identified: C9orf72 (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.76 to 7.45), dysarthria (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.22), family history of ALS (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.61), predominant upper motor neuron (PUMN) phenotype (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.73) and bulbar onset (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.87) increased risk factors for cognitive impairment in ALS. ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised scores, sex, age or education level were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment in ALS. In addition, C9orf72 (OR=5.94) and bulbar onset (OR=2.08) were strong predictors of ALS-frontotemporal dementia. Female sex conferred more susceptibility to executive cognitive impairment than male sex (OR=1.82).ConclusionsPatients with C9orf72 repeat expansion, dysarthria, family history of ALS, PUMN phenotype and bulbar onset had a high risk for cognitive impairment in ALS. These associations may contribute to understanding the heterogeneity of ALS.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020201085.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic risk factors associated with febrile seizures at Puducherry: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Gobinaath . ◽  
Arun Daniel J.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Background: Febrile seizures occur commonly in the under 5 age group and is associated with few risk factors causing its recurrence like very high fever, family history of seizures, low sodium levels and younger age of onset which are subject to seasonal and wide geographical variations. This study aimed at detecting the major risk factors associated with recurrent febrile seizures in an Indian population.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted among a total of 300 cases aged 6 months to 5 years attending to the paediatric OPD with history of fever followed by febrile seizures. Information regarding socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with febrile seizure was collected and analyzed.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 25.6±2.2 months and majority (60%) were males. Family history of seizures was present in 25.3% (n=76) of the children with febrile seizures. Respiratory infections (73.3%) and gastroenteritis (17%) were the major infective reasons associated with the occurrence of febrile seizures followed by pneumonia (6.3%) and urinary tract infections (5%). Recurrence of FS was significantly higher among the children with family history of FS (p=0.009), age at onset lesser (p<0.001) and simple FS seizures.Conclusions: Younger age at onset and positive family history of seizures were important socio-demographic risk factors associated with recurrent febrile seizures.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics Associated With Stuttering Persistence: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2995-3018
Author(s):  
Cara M. Singer ◽  
Alison Hessling ◽  
Ellen M. Kelly ◽  
Lisa Singer ◽  
Robin M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Purpose The purpose of this meta-analytic study was to identify clinical characteristics, defined as child factors that can be assessed by a speech-language pathologist as part of a routine speech-language evaluation that may differentiate children who persist in stuttering from children who eventually recover from stuttering. Clinical characteristics explored included sex, age at onset, family history of stuttering, stuttering frequency and severity, speech-language skills, and temperament. Method Studies were identified through electronic databases, journals, and reference lists of relevant reports (e.g., research articles). Eligible studies followed young children who stutter (i.e., under 6 years old) for at least 24 months, assessed a potential clinical marker at study entry, and determined talker group classification (i.e., persistent or recovered) at study completion. Sex and family history differences were estimated using risk ratios; all other differences were estimated using Hedges's g . Heterogeneity and methodological differences among studies were evaluated. Results Eleven studies (41 reports) met eligibility criteria. Persistent children were older at stuttering onset and exhibited higher frequencies of stuttering-like disfluencies, lower speech sound accuracy, and lower expressive and receptive language skills than recovered children. Males and children with a family history of stuttering were also more likely to persist. Conclusions Clinical characteristics were identified that are associated with increased risk for stuttering persistence. Future studies have the potential to translate these clinical characteristics into prognostic markers for stuttering persistence risk.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Fracture in Diabetes: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa-Ann Fraser ◽  
Alexandra Papaioannou ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Jinhui Ma ◽  
Lehana Thabane
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traumatic Fracture ◽  
History Of

Objective. Individuals with diabetes have been found to be at increased risk of nontraumatic fracture. However, within the diabetic population, how to distinguish who is at the highest risk and warranting therapy has remained elusive. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based cohort study. Patients. Men and women over the age of 50 with diabetes from across Canada. Measurements. Logistic regression analysis to identify diabetes specific factors associated with a history of one or more non-traumatic fractures. Results. Six hundred and six individuals with diabetes with a mean age of 69 years were examined. Thirty percent had a history of non-traumatic fracture. Macrovascular diseases in the form of stroke or TIA, as well as hypertension, were found to be independently associated with fragility fracture. Other, more traditional, clinical risk factors were also associated with fracture, including increased age, female gender, rheumatoid arthritis, family history of osteoporosis, and decreased bone mineral density. Conclusions. In this cohort of Canadians with diabetes, those with rheumatoid arthritis, a family history of osteoporosis, female gender, increased age, decreased BMD, cerebrovascular disease, or hypertension were more likely to have had a non-traumatic fracture. These risk factors may be important to clinicians when identifying which of their diabetic patients are at highest risk of fracture and in need of preventative therapies.

Prognosis in Children With Febrile Seizures

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin B. Nelson ◽  
Jonas H. Ellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Deficit ◽  
Todd’S Paresis

Febrile seizures occurred in 3.5% of white and 4.2% of black children who were followed up in a large prospectively defined cohort. The frequency of adverse outcomes was examined in this population and risk factors were identified. Among 1,706 children with febrile seizures, no deaths or persistent motor deficits occurred as sequelae of seizures. Todd's paresis occurred in 0.4%. Risk factors identified for epilepsy after febrile seizures were family history of afebrile seizures, preexisting neurological abnormality, and complicated initial seizure. Of the 60% of children with febrile seizures who had none of these factors, 1% developed epilepsy by age 7 years. A single risk factor was present in 34%, of whom 2% developed epilepsy. Of the 6% with two or more of these factors, 10% developed epilepsy. After an initial brief febrile seizure, 1.4% experienced a subsequent attack which lasted 30 minutes or longer; none of these children had an afebrile seizure by the age of 7 years. Febrile seizures were associated with an increased risk of intellectual deficit only among children with preexisting neurological or developmental abnormality, and in those who developed subsequent afebrile seizures. A third of the children with febrile seizures had a recurrence, and 9% had three or more recurrences. The major predictor of recurrence was early age at onset.

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