Prodromes of Depression and Anxiety

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Murphy ◽  
Arthur M. Sobol ◽  
Donald C. Olivier ◽  
Richard R. Monson ◽  
Alexander H. Leighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Premonitory Symptoms

A longitudinal investigation of psychiatric epidemiology in a general population (the Stirling County study) has indicated that the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders is low relative to prevalence, because these disorders have long durations. In an average year approximately nine adults among 1000 experience a first-ever episode of one of these disorders. Incident cases over the course of a 16-year follow-up were more likely to have had premonitory symptoms than to have been asymptomatic at the beginning of the study. Among the relatively small number of people who exhibited the clearest prodromal manifestations, incidence was 20 per 1000 annually. It might be possible to intervene before such disorders become fully formed and persistent if the precursors are given attention.

scholarly journals Predictive value of implicit and explicit self-esteem for the recurrence of depression and anxiety disorders: A 3-year follow-up study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-798
Author(s):  
Lonneke A. van Tuijl ◽  
Elise C. Bennik ◽  
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx ◽  
Philip Spinhoven ◽  
Peter J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

scholarly journals Increased risk of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders: A population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chia Chien ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Objective This study examined the prevalence and incidence of hyperlipidemia among patients with anxiety disorders in Taiwan. Methods We used a large dataset containing random samples, and more than 766,000 subjects who were aged 18 years or older in 2005 were identified. Subjects who had more than one primary or secondary diagnosis of anxiety disorders were identified. Individuals who had a primary or secondary diagnosis of hyperlipidemia or medication treatment for hyperlipidemia were also identified. The prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders with that of the general population in 2005 was compared. We then followed this cohort to monitor incident cases of hyperlipidemia in anxiety patients, and assessed whether a difference existed from the general population during the period 2006–2010. Results A higher prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders was observed as compared with the general population (21.3% vs. 7.6%, odds ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–2.22) in 2005. Additionally, a higher average annual incidence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders was also found as compared with the general population (5.49% vs. 2.50%, risk ratio 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.58–1.70) from 2006 to 2010. Conclusions Patients with anxiety disorders had higher prevalence and incidence rates of hyperlipidemia than the general population. Risk factors that were found to be associated with the higher incidence rate of hyperlipidemia among anxiety patients included a greater age, the female gender, and the presence of diabetes and hypertension.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder Is Differently Associated With Psychotic Symptoms According To Underlying Psychiatric Disorders: A General Population Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Pignon ◽  
Guillaume Sescousse ◽  
Ali Amad ◽  
Imane Benradia ◽  
Guillaume Vaiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
General Population Study

Abstract Aims Psychotic symptoms can occur in the general population, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an identified vulnerability factor. However, it remains unclear how AUD is associated with psychotic symptoms, depending on the underlying psychiatric condition. We aimed to compare the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among subjects with different types of psychiatric disorders, i.e. unipolar or bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders or no psychiatric disorder, depending on whether or not there was an underlying AUD. Methods In a 38,694-subject general population study, we compared the likelihood of occurrence of seven types of psychotic symptoms, depending on the AUD status and the underlying psychiatric disorders, after adjustment for age, sex, marital status, education and income levels. Results In unipolar depression and anxiety disorders, almost all types of psychotic symptoms were found associated with AUD (odds ratios (ORs) between 1.98 and 2.19). In contrast, in bipolar disorder, only auditory hallucinations were associated with AUD (OR = 2.50). In psychotic disorders, only thought broadcasting was more frequent among subjects with AUD (OR = 1.78). Conclusion Our findings in depression and anxiety disorders are in line with the ‘dual diagnosis’ concept, which posits that comorbid psychiatric/addictive disorders form distinctive entities that are more frequently associated with non-specific severity factors, here psychotic symptoms. The co-occurrence of AUD in bipolar/psychotic disorders was not associated with a generalized increased occurrence of psychotic symptoms but altered their manifestations with an increased risk of auditory hallucinations for bipolar disorder and thought broadcasting for psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention for patients with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders*

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Hamilton-West ◽  
Tracy Pellatt-Higgins ◽  
Farnaaz Sharief
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Uk National Health Service

Abstract Aim Research identifies a need for expanded therapeutic options for people with mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety disorders treated within the UK National Health Service (NHS). We aimed to examine potential benefits of a Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) based breath intervention delivered in this context. Background SKY is a structured programme derived from yoga in which participants are taught relaxation and stress-management techniques including body postures, breathing exercises and cognitive-behavioural procedures. Previous research has demonstrated benefits for patients with clinical and non-clinical depression and anxiety. However, SKY has not yet been evaluated as a therapeutic option for patients accessing NHS primary care mental health services. Methods We evaluated an existing programme available to NHS patients in South East England. The intervention is community-based and delivered via four weekly ‘stress buster sessions’ (1-h duration), one weekend intensive workshop (2.5 days) and four weekly (90 min) follow-up sessions. Analyses were conducted on existing data [measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and anxiety (generalised anxiety disorder-7)] collected as part of routine care, at the start of the programme and three follow-up assessments. Findings Baseline data were available for 991 participants, of which 557 (56.2%) attended at least three weekly workshops, 216 (21.8%) attended the weekend workshop and 169 (17.1%) completed the programme. Statistically significant (P<0.05) improvements in depression and anxiety were observed in all three outcome assessments. Clinically meaningful change was observed for 74.6% of participants completing the programme. Findings indicate that SKY has the potential to benefit patient outcomes and could be offered more widely as a therapeutic option. We recommend further research to explore patients’ experiences of the programme, determine the number of sessions necessary for improvement/ recovery, define the population most likely to respond and examine potential cost savings (e.g., reductions in antidepressant prescribing/referrals to secondary care).

Diagnosis and outcome: depression and anxiety in a general population

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Murphy ◽  
Donald C. Olivier ◽  
Arthur M. Sobol ◽  
Richard R. Monson ◽  
Alexander H. Leighton
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Unfavourable Prognosis

SynopsisAn assessment of the long-term outcome for depression and anxiety disorders in a general population was made as part of the Stirling County Study. Measuring outcome as a dichotomy between experiencing recurrent episodes or not during a 17-year cohort interval, it was found that 56% of the ‘cases’ had a poor prognosis. While sex, age and level of severity were not significantly related to outcome, an initial diagnosis of depression was predictive of unfavourable prognosis. Only a few of these ‘cases’ received psychiatric specialty treatment. Some disorders in the community appear, however, to be as serious as those that come to the attention of psychiatrists.

Affective and Anxiety Disorders in the Long-Term Follow-up of Anorexia Nervosa

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda B. Toner ◽  
Paul E. Garfinkel ◽  
David M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

This study investigated the incidence and onset of affective and anxiety disorders in women who were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa five to fourteen years earlier. Based on the clinical outcome of anorexia nervosa, patients were classified as asymptomatic, improved or symptomatic. Affective and anxiety disorders were assessed by a structured psychiatric interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule). Results indicated that affective and anxiety disorders developed frequently, regardless of outcome of anorexia nervosa. Major depression and anxiety disorders developed before the eating disorder in one-half and three-quarters of these cases respectively. The symptomatic group had a significantly higher incidence of anxiety disorders prior to the development of their eating disorder compared with the asymptomatic group.

Non-linear relationships in associations of depression and anxiety with alcohol use

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. RODGERS ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
A. F. JORM ◽  
P. A. JACOMB ◽  
H. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Non Linear

Background. Many studies have demonstrated co-morbidity of alcohol abuse/dependence with mood and anxiety disorders but relatively little is known about anxiety and depression across the full continua of alcohol consumption and problems associated with drinking.Methods. Participants from a general population sample (N = 2725) aged 18–80 years completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and four measures of negative affect (two depression and two anxiety symptom scales) included in a self-completion questionnaire.Results. High consumption, AUDIT total score, and AUDIT problems score were associated with high negative affect scores in participants under 60 years old (ORs in the range 1·80–2·83). Graphical and statistical analyses using continuous measures of alcohol use/problems and negative affect identified non-linear relationships where abstainers and occasional drinkers, as well as heavy and problem drinkers, were at risk of high anxiety and depression levels. This pattern, however, was not found in those aged [ges ] 60 years. The U-shaped relationship was not an artefact of abstainers being typical of the general population in their distribution of negative affect.Conclusions. Studies of co-morbidity should acknowledge the possibility of non-linear associations and employ both continuous and discrete measures. Abstainers, as well as heavy drinkers, are at increased risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. Psychosocial factors may play a role in the U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document