Feelings of Guilt in Major Depression

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Berrios ◽  
A. Bulbena ◽  
N. Bakshi ◽  
T. R. Dening ◽  
A. Jenaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Guilt Feeling ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
General Feeling ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Normal Controls

A new scale for the evaluation of feelings of guilt is described. Two types of guilt feeling were of potential interest: ‘delusional’ guilt or shame (experienced in relation to one's actions), and ‘affective’ guilt (a more general feeling of unworthiness). Reliability and validity analyses for the first (15–item) version of the scale were performed in three separate and contrasting clinical samples. The second and final (seven-item) version was tested in another sample of major depressives and in normal controls. The HRSD was used as a measure of severity throughout. The BDI and Widlöcher psychomotor retardation scale were also used as external criteria for the seven-item scale. Exploratory factor analysis of this sample yielded two factors – ‘cognitive/attitudinal’ and ‘mood/feeling’ – of which only the first correlated with scores for psychomotor retardation. It is suggested that these two factors represent two forms of guilt, but that only the former is related to a putative dopaminergic disorder. Guilt scores and measures of severity were not correlated. It is suggested that feelings of guilt should be considered as a behavioural marker for a subtype of depression.

scholarly journals Body-Efficacy Expectation: Assessment of Beliefs concerning Bodily Coping Capabilities with a Five-Item Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Schützler ◽  
Claudia M. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Efficacy Expectation ◽  
Item Characteristics ◽  
Item Scale

Background. Expectancies regarding a treatment play an important role in recovery as has been shown in placebo research. The role of expectations regarding the bodily capability to overcome illness is less investigated although in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) such capability is the target of interventions. We introduced a new construct, body-efficacy expectation, defined as the conviction that one’s body is able to deal with health-threatening factors by itself, and developed and validated a scale for its measurement.Methods. The scale was developed following expert recommendations. Using online survey data from 1054 participants an exploratory factor analysis was conducted and psychometric properties of the scale were examined (item characteristics, reliability, and validity).Results. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor solution explaining 51.96% of total variance (Cronbach’sα= 0.77). One of the originally six items was removed due to poor item characteristics. Correlations with several validation measures were in line with the theoretical background of the construct. Most importantly, participants with better general health showed higher body-efficacy expectation than participants with poorer health status.Conclusions. Further studies confirming the factor structure and using clinical samples are recommended. Also, the relations with the appraisal of CAM and CAM use warrant further research.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine B. Robbins ◽  
Jiying Ling ◽  
Stacey M. Wesolek ◽  
Anamaria S. Kazanis ◽  
Kelly A. Bourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Physical Activity Scale ◽  
Item Scale

Purpose. To examine psychometric properties of a Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents (CPASA). Design. Two test-retest studies and a prospective study, approved by a university institutional review board, were conducted in midwestern U.S. urban areas. Setting. The first test-retest study occurred in four community centers, the second test-retest study took place in a community school, and the prospective study occurred in eight middle schools. Subjects. To measure commitment at baseline and 1 week later, 51 girls in the first test-retest study completed an original 26-item scale, and 91 in the second test-retest study completed a revised 11-item scale. In the prospective study, 503 girls completed the 11-item scale. Measures. Commitment was measured via the CPASA. After completing the CPASA, girls in the prospective study wore ActiGraph GT3X-plus accelerometers that measured light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to cross-validate the factor structure. Results. For the 11-item CPASA, Cronbach α ranged from .81 to .82, and test-retest reliability was .88. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single factor. The scale was significantly correlated with LMVPA (r = .10) and MVPA (r = .11). Conclusion. The 11-item CPASA demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity with girls.

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Clements ◽  
Linda A. Rooda
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Hospice Nurses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Two Factors

The Present Study Examined The Factor Structure, reliability, and validity of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R; Wong, Reker, & Gesser, 1994) using a sample of 403 hospital and hospice nurses. A principal-components factor analysis of the DAP-R indicated that the DAP-R may consist of six factors instead of the five originally reported by Wong et al. The first four factors reported by Wong et al., which correspond to the subscales that they labeled Fear of Death, Death Avoidance, Approach Acceptance, and Escape Acceptance, were replicated in the present study, and these subscales were found to have acceptable levels of internal consistency and to possess some degree of concurrent validity. However, the items which loaded on the fifth factor in Wong et al.‘s study (their “Neutral Acceptance” subscale) were split across two factors in the present study, suggesting that this subscale may not be measuring a unitary construct.

scholarly journals Measuring autistic traits: heritability, reliability and validity of the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Skuse ◽  
William P. L. Mandy ◽  
Jane Scourfield
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Item Scale

BackgroundAutistic traits are widely distributed in the general population, but the boundaries of the autistic spectrum are unclear. Whole-population surveys of unselected samples of children are hampered by the lack of appropriate screening instruments.AimsTo assess whether the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) fulfils the need for a sensitive measure of autistic traits, which can be completed in a few minutes and which measures heritable characteristics in both males and females.MethodA 12-item scale, the SCDC, was completed by three independent samples drawn from a twin register, a group with Turner syndrome and children with a diagnosis of autistic-spectrum disorder attending clinics. The data were used to establish the heritability reliability and validity of the checklist.ResultsTraits measured by the SCDC were highly heritable in both genders (0.74). Internal consistency was excellent (0.93) and test–retest reliability high (0.81). Discriminant validity between pervasive developmental disorder and other clinical groups was good, discrimination from non-clinical samples was better; sensitivity (0.90), specificity (0.69).ConclusionsThe SCDC is a unique and efficient first-level screening questionnaire for autistic traits.

scholarly journals Spanish adaptation of the Alcohol Expectancy-Adolescent Questionnaire, Brief

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
José J. Gázquez ◽  
Mª del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
Mª del Mar Molero ◽  
África Martos ◽  
Fernando Cardila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Alcohol Expectancy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Use Behavior

Alcohol is a substance commonly used by adolescents. Due to the relevant role alcohol expectancies have for understanding adolescent use behavior, valid and reliable instruments need to be designed to evaluate these beliefs. The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief (AEQ-AB). The sample was comprised of 315 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years who filled in an ad hoc questionnaire on demographic data the Spanish version of the EQ and the (AEQ-AB). Factor analysis showed that the original seven-item model clustered in two factors (positive and negative), fit the Spanish sample correctly. The reliability and validity analysis showed adequate translation and adaptation of the AEQ-AB questionnaire in Spanish adolescents.

A Modified Measure of Need for Cognition

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Perri ◽  
Alan P. Wolfgang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Coefficient Alpha ◽  
Mail Questionnaire ◽  
Original Scale ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Cognition Scale

A study was conducted to evaluate a shorter version of Cacioppo and Petty's 34-item measure of an individual's need for cognition. Based on factor loadings from the original scale, 16 items were selected and administered via a mail questionnaire to 94 patients of four physicians. Principal components factor analysis of the 16-item scale yielded one factor which accounted for 38.8% of the variance; coefficient alpha was .88. As hypothesized, scores on the need for cognition scale also were correlated significantly with scores on a health care involvement measure. The shortened version of the need for cognition scale appears to show reasonable reliability and validity, representing a useful tool for researchers concerned with cognition processing. Replication is desirable.

scholarly journals Spanish adaptation of the Alcohol Expectancy-Adolescent Questionnaire, Brief

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
José J. Gázquez ◽  
Mª del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
Mª del Mar Molero ◽  
África Martos ◽  
Fernando Cardila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Alcohol Expectancy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Use Behavior

Alcohol is a substance commonly used by adolescents. Due to the relevant role alcohol expectancies have for understanding adolescent use behavior, valid and reliable instruments need to be designed to evaluate these beliefs. The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief (AEQ-AB). The sample was comprised of 315 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years who filled in an ad hoc questionnaire on demographic data the Spanish version of the EQ and the (AEQ-AB). Factor analysis showed that the original seven-item model clustered in two factors (positive and negative), fit the Spanish sample correctly. The reliability and validity analysis showed adequate translation and adaptation of the AEQ-AB questionnaire in Spanish adolescents.

A new questionnaire assessing the opinions of the relatives of patients with schizophrenia on the causes and social consequences of the disorder: reliability and validity

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Magliano ◽  
C. Marasco ◽  
M. Guarneri ◽  
C. Malangone ◽  
G. Lacrimini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Final Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors

SummaryThis paper describes the development and the validation of a questionnaire assessing the opinions of the relatives of patients with schizophrenia on the causes and the social consequences of the disorder. The final version of the questionnaire includes 28 items, grouped in four sub-scales (social restrictions, social distance, utility of treatments, biopsychosocial causes of schizophrenia), whose intra-rater reliability ranges from 0.36 to 0.84. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which tests the content validity of the sub-scales, ranges from 0.56 to 0.66. Factor analysis identifies two factors (opinions on social consequences and the utility of treatments, and the beliefs on the causes of schizophrenia), which account for the 73% of the total variance. This questionnaire may be particularly useful to assess relatives'beliefs about schizophrenia and to target psychosocial interventions in the families of patients with schizophrenia.

The Christian Contentment Scale: An Emic Measure for Assessing Inner Satisfaction within the Christian Tradition

2020 ◽  
pp. 009164712096814
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Knabb ◽  
Veola E. Vazquez ◽  
Kenneth T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Daily Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency ◽  
Item Scale

In the present study, the authors developed the Christian Contentment Scale (CCS), an emic measure for assessing both the experience (i.e., inner satisfaction) and source (i.e., God) of contentment among Christian adults. First, the authors reviewed key writings from secular psychology, Buddhism, and Christianity to operationalize a definition of Christian contentment and generate an initial pool of 25 items for further analysis. Second, the authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with separate subsamples of online Christian adults ( N = 475), identifying and confirming a one-factor solution for the final 10-item scale. Third, the authors examined the reliability and validity of the CCS, with results revealing the scale had adequate internal consistency, was positively correlated with mindful qualities, life contentment, state contentment, equanimity, and daily spiritual experiences, and predicted equanimity and daily spiritual experiences, after controlling for state contentment. The authors concluded by exploring the salient role that Christian contentment can play in a more holistic, culturally sensitive conceptualization of psychological and spiritual health.

Development of a Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian P. S. Oei ◽  
Greg J. Shuttlewood
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Fourth Session

Objective: While much work has gone into developing measures of specific factors in psychotherapy for depression, measures for non-specific factors have been lacking. This paper aims to develop a scale for a non-specific factor called ‘Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale’. Method: Sixty-seven patients with major depression completed the questionnaires during the fourth session of cognitive therapy. The patients went through an assessment clinical interview using a SCID. They also completed the ATQ, BDI and DAS questionnaires during the fourth session. Results: Principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation showed that the scale possesses two factors, ‘Satisfaction with Therapy’ and ‘Client Evaluation of Therapist’, accounting for 64.7% of the total variance. The alpha Cronbach for the two factors is 0.91 and 0.80 with the total scale alpha at 0.90. The scale also possesses good concurrent and disciminant validity. Conclusion: The Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale is an adequate measure for measuring a non-specific factor in psychotherapy.

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