scholarly journals Measuring autistic traits: heritability, reliability and validity of the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Skuse ◽  
William P. L. Mandy ◽  
Jane Scourfield
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Item Scale

BackgroundAutistic traits are widely distributed in the general population, but the boundaries of the autistic spectrum are unclear. Whole-population surveys of unselected samples of children are hampered by the lack of appropriate screening instruments.AimsTo assess whether the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) fulfils the need for a sensitive measure of autistic traits, which can be completed in a few minutes and which measures heritable characteristics in both males and females.MethodA 12-item scale, the SCDC, was completed by three independent samples drawn from a twin register, a group with Turner syndrome and children with a diagnosis of autistic-spectrum disorder attending clinics. The data were used to establish the heritability reliability and validity of the checklist.ResultsTraits measured by the SCDC were highly heritable in both genders (0.74). Internal consistency was excellent (0.93) and test–retest reliability high (0.81). Discriminant validity between pervasive developmental disorder and other clinical groups was good, discrimination from non-clinical samples was better; sensitivity (0.90), specificity (0.69).ConclusionsThe SCDC is a unique and efficient first-level screening questionnaire for autistic traits.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index for dry eye disease

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akie Midorikawa-Inomata ◽  
Takenori Inomata ◽  
Shuko Nojiri ◽  
Masahiro Nakamura ◽  
Masao Iwagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

ObjectivesThe Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire is widely used to evaluate subjective symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) as a primary diagnostic criterion. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the OSDI (J-OSDI) and assess its reliability and validity.Design and settingHospital-based cross-sectional observational study.ParticipantsA total of 209 patients recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology at Juntendo University Hospital.MethodsWe translated and culturally adapted the OSDI into Japanese. The J-OSDI was then assessed for internal consistency, reliability and validity. We also evaluated the optimal cut-off value to suspect DED using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis.Primary outcome measuresInternal consistency, test–retest reliability and discriminant validity of the J-OSDI as well as the optimal cut-off value to suspect DED.ResultsOf the participants, 152 had DED and 57 did not. The J-OSDI total score showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.884), test–retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient=0.910) and discriminant validity by known-group comparisons (non-DED, 19.4±16.0; DED, 37.7±22.2; p<0.001). Factor validity was used to confirm three subscales within the J-OSDI according to the original version of the questionnaire. Concurrent validity was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis, and the J-OSDI total score showed a strong positive correlation with the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (γ=0.829). The optimal cut-off value of the J-OSDI total score was 36.3 (AUC=0.744).ConclusionsThe J-OSDI was developed and validated in terms of reliability and validity as an effective tool for DED assessment and monitoring in the Japanese population.

scholarly journals Validation of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Regina Rendas-Baum ◽  
Sepideh F Varon ◽  
Mark Kosinski
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Headache Pain ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Headache Impact

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess psychometric properties of the six-item Headache Impact Text (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine. Methods: Using a migraine screener and number of headache days per month (HDPM), participants from the National Survey of Headache Impact (NSHI) study and the HIT-6 validation study (HIT6-V) were selected for this study. Eligible participants were categorized into three groups: chronic migraine (CM: ≥ 15 HDPM); episodic migraine (EM: < 15 HDPM); non-migraine headaches. Reliability and validity of the HIT-6 were evaluated. Results: A total of 2,049 survey participants met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for this study. Participants were identified as 6.4% CM; 42.1% EM; 51.5% non-migraine, with respective mean HIT-6 scores: 62.5 ± 7.8; 60.2 ± 6.8; and 49.1 ± 8.7. High reliability was demonstrated with internal consistency (time1/time2) of 0.83/0.87 in NSHI, and 0.82/0.92 in HIT6-V. Intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was very good at 0.77. HIT-6 scores correlated significantly ( p < .0001) with total Migraine Disability Assessment Scale scores ( r = 0.56), headache pain severity ( r = 0.46), and HDPM ( r = 0.29). Discriminant validity analysis showed significantly different HIT-6 scores ( F = 488.02, p < .0001) across the groups. Conclusion: Results from these analyses confirm that the HIT-6 is a reliable and valid tool for discriminating headache impact across episodic and chronic migraine.

The assessment of perceived information pollution in banking sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaisar Iqbal ◽  
Siti Hasnah Hassan ◽  
Noor Hazlina Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of

Infollution management is a substantial dilemma in this century. There is lacking empirical evidence about infollution management. Perceived infollution has been explored based on information quality. This study aims to identify the factors of perceived infollution (information pollution) and validate those factors using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Researchers have personally collected data from employees of the banking sector. Factor analysis was performed to explore the factors using Statistical Package for the Social Science, and CFA was conducted to check the reliability, validity, and the model fitness in SmartPLS. The scale developed in this study has exhibited high values of reliability and validity and ensured the presence of both discriminant validity and convergent validity. The newly developed scale of perceived infollution provides a basis for most of the academicians and researchers to empirically investigate the relationship of perceived infollution with individual’s performance and organizational effectiveness, which is considered an important area of interest among the academic researchers in recent years. Extent literature review suggests that it is the first study conducted to develop measurement scale of perceived infollution (information pollution).

scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation Into the Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Self-Compassion

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412095724
Author(s):  
Abby Howes ◽  
Gareth Richards ◽  
John Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compassion Scale

Self-compassion refers to the extension of kindness to oneself when faced with feelings of inadequacies, shortcomings or failures. It is possible that individuals high in autistic traits may encounter difficulties with self-compassion, and this could be particularly pronounced due to the social challenges they might face. To explore this potential relationship, we recruited university students and members of the general population to an online survey (n = 176). Participants completed measures on demographics, autistic traits, and self-compassion. We found that autistic traits were indeed negatively correlated with self-compassion in both males and females. Interestingly, a comparison of the slopes showed significantly stronger relationships in males compared to females for the negative (but not the positive) subscales of the self-compassion scale. Although speculative at this point, it is possible that self-compassion acts as a mediator between autistic traits and psychopathology. With this in mind, further work is warranted to determine whether self-compassion could be a target for therapeutic intervention.

Feelings of Guilt in Major Depression

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Berrios ◽  
A. Bulbena ◽  
N. Bakshi ◽  
T. R. Dening ◽  
A. Jenaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Guilt Feeling ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
General Feeling ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Normal Controls

A new scale for the evaluation of feelings of guilt is described. Two types of guilt feeling were of potential interest: ‘delusional’ guilt or shame (experienced in relation to one's actions), and ‘affective’ guilt (a more general feeling of unworthiness). Reliability and validity analyses for the first (15–item) version of the scale were performed in three separate and contrasting clinical samples. The second and final (seven-item) version was tested in another sample of major depressives and in normal controls. The HRSD was used as a measure of severity throughout. The BDI and Widlöcher psychomotor retardation scale were also used as external criteria for the seven-item scale. Exploratory factor analysis of this sample yielded two factors – ‘cognitive/attitudinal’ and ‘mood/feeling’ – of which only the first correlated with scores for psychomotor retardation. It is suggested that these two factors represent two forms of guilt, but that only the former is related to a putative dopaminergic disorder. Guilt scores and measures of severity were not correlated. It is suggested that feelings of guilt should be considered as a behavioural marker for a subtype of depression.

Psychometric Properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children in a Spanish Sample

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Olivares ◽  
Raquel Sánchez-García ◽  
José Antonio López-Pina ◽  
Ana Isabel Rosa-Alcázar
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The objectives of the present study were to adapt and analyze the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C; Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 1995) in a Spanish population. The SPAI-C was applied to a sample of 1588 children and adolescents with ages ranging from 10 to 17 years. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed a four-factor structure: Public performance, Assertiveness, Fear and avoidance/escape in social encounters, and Cognitive and psychophysiological interferences. Internal consistency was high (.90) and test-retest reliability was moderate (.56). Significant differences were found in the variables sex and age, although the effect size was small in both variables and their interaction. Overall, the increase of the age value was inversely proportional to that of social anxiety measured with the SPAI-C; in participants of the same age, values were higher for girls than for boys. Results suggest that the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory For Children is a valid and reliable instrument to assess social anxiety in Spanish children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine B. Robbins ◽  
Jiying Ling ◽  
Stacey M. Wesolek ◽  
Anamaria S. Kazanis ◽  
Kelly A. Bourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Physical Activity Scale ◽  
Item Scale

Purpose. To examine psychometric properties of a Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents (CPASA). Design. Two test-retest studies and a prospective study, approved by a university institutional review board, were conducted in midwestern U.S. urban areas. Setting. The first test-retest study occurred in four community centers, the second test-retest study took place in a community school, and the prospective study occurred in eight middle schools. Subjects. To measure commitment at baseline and 1 week later, 51 girls in the first test-retest study completed an original 26-item scale, and 91 in the second test-retest study completed a revised 11-item scale. In the prospective study, 503 girls completed the 11-item scale. Measures. Commitment was measured via the CPASA. After completing the CPASA, girls in the prospective study wore ActiGraph GT3X-plus accelerometers that measured light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to cross-validate the factor structure. Results. For the 11-item CPASA, Cronbach α ranged from .81 to .82, and test-retest reliability was .88. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single factor. The scale was significantly correlated with LMVPA (r = .10) and MVPA (r = .11). Conclusion. The 11-item CPASA demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity with girls.

The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale, a Brief Version: Psychometric Data

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Suinn ◽  
Elizabeth H. Winston
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Major Scale ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Item Scale

As a measure of mathematics anxiety, the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) has been a major scale used for research and clinical studies since 1972. Despite the usefulness of the original scale, researchers have sought a shorter version of the scale partly to reduce the administration time of the original 98-item scale. This study created a shorter version of the MARS and provides reliability and validity information for the new version. The Cronbach alpha of .96 indicated high internal consistency, while the test-retest reliability for the MARS 30-item was .90 ( p < .001). The validity data confirm that the MARS 30-item test is comparable to the original MARS 98-irem scale.

Further Validation of a Chinese Version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Chasson ◽  
Suqin Tang ◽  
Bradley Gray ◽  
Hongwei Sun ◽  
Jianping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Validity Criterion ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Cultural Components

Background: There has been an increased effort to understand the nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in non-Western cultures. In particular, growing research has examined OCD in China, but there are no comprehensive instruments that measure both OCD severity and heterogeneity for characterizing samples. Aims: A validated, comprehensive measure that could be used in China would provide researchers with a useful instrument for evaluating severity and heterogeneity of OCD in a non-Western culture, allowing researchers to better understand the universal and cultural components that play a role in the nature of OCD. Method: The current investigation presents data on the reliability and validity of a Mandarin translation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (CH-OCI) using both a student (n = 1950) and clinical sample (n = 50 patients with OCD; n = 50 patients with anxiety as a comparison group). Results: Results support the factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the CH-OCI. Conclusions: Validation of the instrument permits researchers and clinicians to measure OCD presentation in Mandarin-speaking samples.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Social Comparison Motives Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Baldwin Tigges
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principal Axis Factor Analysis

This article describes the 19-item Social Comparison Motive Scale [SCMS], a measure of adolescents’ motives for social comparison related to pregnancy. Dimensions and items were developed based on adolescent focus groups. The instrument was reviewed for content validity, pilot tested, and administered to 431 adolescents aged 14–18 years. Principal axis factor analysis with oblique rotation supported five dimensions. Convergent and discriminant validity were demonstrated by moderate correlations (r = .50) between the SCMS and the Iowa–Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure and low correlations (r = .15) between the SCMS and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Cronbach’s alphas were .91 overall and .71 to .85 for the subscales. The SCMS demonstrated reliability and validity as a measure of adolescents’ motives for comparing themselves with others about pregnancy.

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