scholarly journals Extending the vulnerability–stress model of mental disorders: three-dimensional NPSR1 × environment × coping interaction study in anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Katharina Herzog ◽  
Leonie Kollert ◽  
Christoph Schartner ◽  
Elisabeth J. Leehr ◽  
...  

BackgroundThe general understanding of the ‘vulnerability–stress model’ of mental disorders neglects the modifying impact of resilience-increasing factors such as coping ability.AimsProbing a conceptual framework integrating both adverse events and coping factors in an extended ‘vulnerability–stress–coping model’ of mental disorders, the effects of functional neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR1) variation (G), early adversity (E) and coping factors (C) on anxiety were addressed in a three-dimensional G × E × C model.MethodIn two independent samples of healthy probands (discovery: n = 1403; replication: n = 630), the interaction of NPSR1 rs324981, childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and general self-efficacy as a measure of coping ability (General Self-Efficacy Scale, GSE) on trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) was investigated via hierarchical multiple regression analyses.ResultsIn both samples, trait anxiety differed as a function of NPSR1 genotype, CTQ and GSE score (discovery: β = 0.129, P = 3.938 × 10−8; replication: β = 0.102, P = 0.020). In A allele carriers, the relationship between childhood trauma and anxiety was moderated by general self-efficacy: higher self-efficacy and childhood trauma resulted in low anxiety scores, and lower self-efficacy and childhood trauma in higher anxiety levels. In turn, TT homozygotes displayed increased anxiety as a function of childhood adversity unaffected by general self-efficacy.ConclusionsFunctional NPSR1 variation and childhood trauma are suggested as prime moderators in the vulnerability–stress model of anxiety, further modified by the protective effect of self-efficacy. This G × E × C approach – introducing coping as an additional dimension further shaping a G × E risk constellation, thus suggesting a three-dimensional ‘vulnerability–stress–coping model’ of mental disorders – might inform targeted preventive or therapeutic interventions strengthening coping ability to promote resilient functioning.

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Ersan ◽  
Erdoğan Fişekçioğlu ◽  
Semanur Dölekoğlu ◽  
İnci Oktay ◽  
Dilhan İlgüy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailaxmi Gandhi ◽  
Maya Sahu ◽  
Radhakrishnan Govindan ◽  
Prasanthi Nattala ◽  
Paulomi M Sudhir ◽  
...  

Introduction: The growing COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great threat to millions of people worldwide. Nurses and nursing students are an important group of health professionals who are most likely to face many challenges in this unprecedented scenario. The present study aimed at exploring the perception of nurses and nursing students regarding psychological preparedness for the pandemic (COVID-19) management. Materials & Methods: The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional online survey research design. Purposive sampling was used with an attempt to represent the entire nurses (i.e. nursing officers, nurse administrators and nursing teachers) and nursing students group of India. The survey link was shared to their email ID and they were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale (PPDTS)-Modified, General Self Efficacy (GSE) Scale, Optimism Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRS). Totally 685 responses were received and 676 forms were completed which were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24). Results: The mean age of the subjects was 31.72 (SD=9.58) years. Around 20% of the subjects previously had some kind of psychological training and 4% of the subjects had taken care of persons with COVID-19. Findings revealed that mean score for PPDTS, GSE, BRCS and Optimism was 73.44 (SD=10.82, 33.19 (SD=5.23), 16.79 (SD=2.73) and 9.61 (SD=2.26) respectively indicating that the subjects had moderate level of psychological preparedness, self-efficacy and resilience but higher level of optimism. Psychological preparedness, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience were positively correlated to each other. Self- efficacy, optimism, and resilience emerged as predictors of psychological preparedness. Conclusion: The findings suggested that self-efficacy, optimism and resilience can be considered as predictors for psychological preparedness in pandemic management. Appropriate training could influence self-efficacy while programs addressing resilience and coping may strengthen psychological preparedness which can help in further management of ongoing pandemic.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255772
Author(s):  
Sailaxmi Gandhi ◽  
Maya Sahu ◽  
Radhakrishnan Govindan ◽  
Prasanthi Nattala ◽  
Sangeetha Gandhi ◽  
...  

Introduction The growing COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great threat to millions of people worldwide. Nurses and nursing students are an important group of health professionals who are most likely to face many challenges in this unprecedented scenario. The present study aimed at exploring nurses’ and nursing students’ perception of psychological preparedness for the pandemic (COVID-19) management. Materials & methods The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional online survey research design. Purposive sampling was used with an attempt to represent the entire nurses (i.e. nursing officers, nurse administrators and nursing teachers) and nursing students’ group of India. The survey link including the questionnaires was shared to their email ID and they were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale (PPDTS)–Modified, General Self Efficacy (GSE) Scale, Optimism Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRS). Totally 685 responses were received and 676 forms were completed which were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24). Results The mean age of the subjects was 31.72±9.58 years. Around 20% of the subjects previously had some kind of psychological training and 4% of the subjects had taken care of persons with COVID-19. Findings revealed that mean score for PPDTS, GSE, BRCS and Optimism was 73.44±10.82, 33.19±5.23, 16.79±2.73 and 9.61±2.26 respectively indicating that the subjects had moderate level of psychological preparedness, self-efficacy and resilience but higher level of optimism. Psychological preparedness, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience were positively correlated to each other. Self- efficacy, optimism, and resilience emerged as predictors of psychological preparedness. Conclusion The findings suggested that self-efficacy, optimism and resilience can be considered as predictors for psychological preparedness in pandemic management. Appropriate training could influence self-efficacy while programs addressing resilience and coping may strengthen psychological preparedness which can help in further management of ongoing pandemic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Livia ȚÂNCULESCU-POPA ◽  

The current research is aimed at studying the relationship between trait anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty, with its both facets: the inhibitory and the prospective anxiety and to establish whether or not the general self-efficacy plays a mediating role between the trait-anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty. Results show that a partial mediation takes part when general self-efficacy mediates the relationship between the intolerance of uncertainty, inhibitory anxiety, but a limited mediation when general selfefficacy interferes in the relationship between the trait-anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty, perspective anxiety. The main benefit of this paper is to demystify the impact of self-efficacy especially in unexpected, unknown situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.


2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532096566
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hua ◽  
Jennifer L. Howell

Avoiding information about one’s health can have long-term implications for health and well-being. Two studies examined the relationship between health information avoidance and coping self-efficacy, or a sense that one can effectively cope. In Study 1, coping self-efficacy, but not general self-efficacy, was associated with information avoidance. In Study 2, participants who reflected on their positive coping strategies were less likely to avoid learning their risk for disease as compared to those who did not reflect on their coping strategies. These findings suggest that coping self-efficacy is a good target for future interventions aimed at reducing health information avoidance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Ersan ◽  
Semanur Dölekoğlu ◽  
Erdoğan Fişekçioğlu ◽  
Mehmet İlgüy ◽  
İnci Oktay

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3529
Author(s):  
Emre Üstün

Through the history, human beings have believed in the educational function of music and placed a great importance on music as an educational tool. Music education, which increases individuals’ achievement, imagination and brain development levels, aims at providing the individuals with the positive qualities to be introduced to the society. Through music, which is an important dimension of education, individuals will not only be raised to be knowledgeable only in a single field, but also to be versatile individuals who could keep up with the rapid development of today’s societies.It has gained more importance to raise versatile individuals with academic, personal and social aspects in today’s university education in which the professional development goal is emphasized. Music education is one of the most appropriate fields for the view of raising versatile individuals. As known, music is a versatile phenomenon with its various functions and individual, social, cultural and educational features. Considering those aspects, it was aimed that elective music courses given in universities show effect on anxiety, self-efficacy and stress levels of the students who take this course. In order to determine the effect of elective music courses in university programs on anxiety, general self-efficacy and stress management levels of the students who take this course, an experimental study was implemented using the pre- and post-test models. Experiment and control groups were composed of 242 students from 8 grade levels studying in Health Services Vocational College and Health College in Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University during the 2015-2016 education year, dividing them into two groups. The data obtained after the 12-week music education were tabulated and interpreted through appropriate SPSS programs.As a result of the study, it was found that the state-trait anxiety levels of individuals who had the music education were lower than the levels of individuals who didn’t have this education, that there was a positive effect of having the music education on individuals’ skills of self-efficacy and stress management, and that there was an improvement in those skills. It was also found that the music education has a significant impact on decreasing the state-trait anxiety levels, and increasing the self-efficacy and stress-management skills. Özetİnsanlık tarih boyunca müziğin eğitici işlevine inanmış olup müziğe bir eğitim aracı olarak önemli bir yer ayırmıştır. Bireylerin başarılı olmalarını, hayal gücünü ve beyin gelişimini arttıran müzik eğitimi bireylere, topluma kazandıracağı olumlu niteliklerin verilmesini amaçlar. Eğitimin önemli bir boyutu olan müzik ile bireyler sadece bir alanda bilgilenmiş olarak değil, günümüz toplumlarının hızlı gelişimine de ayak uydurabilecek ve çok yönlü bireyler olarak yetişeceklerdir.Mesleki gelişim amacına ağırlık verilen günümüz üniversite eğitiminde akademik, kişisel ve sosyal yönleri ile çok yönlü bireyler yetiştirilmesi daha çok önem kazanmıştır. Müzik eğitimi, çok yönlü bireyler yetiştirilmesi anlayışına en uygun alanlardan birini oluşturmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi müzik bireysel, toplumsal, kültürel, ekonomik ve eğitimsel nitelikleri ile birçok işlevi olan çok yönlü bir olgudur. Bu yönleri ile bakıldığında müzik eğitimi vermeyi amaçlayan üniversitelerdeki uygulanan seçmeli müzik dersleri de öğrencilerin müziksel algılama yeteneğini ve müzik yaşamını yüksek düzeyde geliştirecektir. Bu durumdan yola çıkarak üniversitelerde verilen seçmeli müzik derslerinin bu dersi alan öğrenciler üzerinde kaygı, öz yeterlik ve stres durumlarında ki etkiyi ortaya çıkarması amaçlanmıştır. Üniversitesi programlarında yer alan seçmeli müzik derslerinin bu dersi alan öğrenciler üzerinde kaygı, genel öz yeterlik ve stres yönetimi düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek üzere deneysel bir çalışma yapılarak ön test son test modeli tercih edilmiştir. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu ve Sağlık Yüksekokulu 2015–2016 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 8 sınıftan ve 242 öğrenciden oluşan çalışma grubu ikiye bölünerek deney ve kontrol grupları oluşturulmuştur. 12 haftalık müzik eğitimi sonucunda elde edilen veriler uygun spss programları ile tablolaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır.Araştırma sonucunda müzik eğitimi alan bireylerin durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin müzik dersi almayan bireylere göre daha düşük olduğu, bireylerin öz yeterlik ve stres yönetim becerilerinde müzik eğitimi almalarının pozitif yönde bir etkisi olduğu ve bu becerilerinde artış olduğu görülmüştür. Durumluk ve sürekli kaygının azalması, öz yeterlik ve stres yönetim becerilerinin artmasında müzik eğitimin önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.


2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith C. Herman ◽  
Jal’et Hickmon-Rosa ◽  
Wendy M. Reinke

Understanding how teacher stress, burnout, coping, and self-efficacy are interrelated can inform preventive and intervention efforts to support teachers. In this study, we explored these constructs to determine their relation to student outcomes, including disruptive behaviors and academic achievement. Participants in this study were 121 teachers and 1,817 students in grades kindergarten to fourth from nine elementary schools in an urban Midwestern school district. Latent profile analysis was used to determine patterns of teacher adjustment in relation to stress, coping, efficacy, and burnout. These profiles were then linked to student behavioral and academic outcomes. Four profiles of teacher adjustment were identified. Three classes were characterized by high levels of stress and were distinguished by variations in coping and burnout ranging from (a) high coping/low burnout (60%) to (b) moderate coping and burnout (30%), to (c) low coping/high burnout (3%). The fourth class was distinguished by low stress, high coping, and low burnout. Only 7% of the sample fell into this Well-Adjusted class. Teachers in the high stress, high burnout, and low coping class were associated with the poorest student outcomes. Implications for supporting teachers to maximize student outcomes are discussed.


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