scholarly journals Network structure of ICD-11 adjustment disorder: a cross-cultural comparison of three African countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yafit Levin ◽  
Rahel Bachem ◽  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Andreas Maercker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Global Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Background Adjustment disorder is one of the most widespread mental disorders worldwide. In ICD-11, adjustment disorder is characterised by two main symptom clusters: preoccupation with the stressor and failure to adapt. A network analytic approach has been applied to most ICD-11 stress-related disorders. However, no study to date has explored the relationship between symptoms of adjustment disorder using network analysis. Aims We aimed to explore the network structure of adjustment disorder symptoms and whether its structure replicates across questionnaire versions and samples. Method A network analysis was conducted on adjustment disorder symptoms as assessed by the Adjustment Disorder–New Module (ADNM-8) and an ultra-brief version (ADNM-4) using data from 2524 participants in Nigeria (n = 1006), Kenya (n = 1018) and Ghana (n = 500). Results There were extensive connections between items across all samples in both ADNM versions. Results highlight that preoccupation symptoms seem to be more prominent in terms of edges strengths (i.e. connections) and had the highest centrality in all networks across samples and ADNM versions. Comparisons of network structure invariance revealed one difference between Nigeria and Ghana in both ADNM versions. Importantly, the ADNM-8 global strength was similar in all networks whereas in the ADNM-4 Kenya had a higher global strength score compared with Nigeria Conclusions Results provide evidence of the coherence of adjustment disorder in ICD-11 as assessed by the ADNM questionnaire. The prominence of preoccupation symptoms in adjustment disorder highlights a possible therapeutic target to alleviate distress. There is a need to further replicate the network structure of adjustment disorder in non-African samples.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Relationship and Motivation Scale to the Turkish Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Munevver Ilgun Dibek ◽  
Hatice C Yavuz ◽  
Ezel Tavsancil ◽  
Seher Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explanatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was twofold: first to adapt the Relationship and Motivation (REMO) scale addressing role of peers and teachers in students’ motivations into Turkish culture, and second to determine whether there were any differences between girls and boys regarding the scores obtained from this scale. To achieve these aims, the present research was designed to be comprised of three consecutive studies. In Study 1, linguistic equivalence was established, and results of an Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) performed on data obtained from 202 students showed that structure of the original scale was supported. In Study 2, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted using data obtained from 496 Turkish students, and the results confirmed the results of EFA. Additionally, the validity evidence was obtained by conducting another EFA with 528 students. Moreover, reliability coefficients were also found to be varying in an acceptable range. Including the same participants of Study 2 in Study 3, t-test results showed that girls had significantly higher mean scores on the subscales of peers and teachers as positive motivators, and teachers as negative motivators. On the other hand, boys had significantly higher mean scores on the scale of peers as negative motivators. Results of these studies suggest that Turkish version of REMO is conceptually equivalent to original REMO, and similarly reliable and valid. Therefore, the adapted scale can not only be used in cross-cultural comparison and but also for determining the differentiation in the relations of students with their peers and teachers.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

scholarly journals Cultural Homogeneity and Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Sharma ◽  
Tonmoy Haldar
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Sample Count ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The research was conducted on finding a relationship between cultural homogeneity and happiness through a cross-cultural comparison, existing literature on both culture and happiness was analyzed to understand the theoretical relationship existing between the two variables. A total of 801 samples were taken from more than 50 countries, out of which 510 identified as Female, 248 identified as Male, and about 40 identified as Non-binary. The samples were then further grouped into 4 categories on the basis of nationality and cultural homogeneity, the group which was cultural homogeneous on the basis of nationality was japan, this group had about 99 samples, there were two groups for cultural heterogeneity on the basis of nationality, they were Indian and American, the sample count for both was 270 and 99 respectively, the fourth group was an amalgamation of all the other countries in different numbers in one group to be used as a reference, the sample count of it was 223. The data was then further analyzed and interpreted to shed light on the relationship between the variables, the negative aspects of multiculturalism were found to be the reasons regarding high contrast in happiness in the inter-group analysis.

scholarly journals Using Social Network Analysis to Understand the Effects of a Social Media-based Weight Loss Intervention Targeting Low-SES Adults (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Xu ◽  
David Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Obesity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including hypertension and type II diabetes. Although numerous weight-loss interventions have demonstrated efficacy, there is considerably less evidence about the theoretical mechanisms through which they work. Delivering lifestyle behavior change interventions via social media provides unique opportunities for understanding mechanisms of intervention effects. Server data collected directly from online platforms can provide detailed, real-time behavioral information over the course of intervention programs that can be used to understand how interventions work. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to demonstrate how social network analysis can facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying a social-media based weight loss intervention. METHODS This study performed secondary analysis using data from a pilot study that delivered a dietary and physical activity intervention to a group of low-SES participants via Facebook. We mapped out participants’ interaction networks over the 12-week intervention period, and linked participants’ network characteristics (e.g. in-degree, out-degree and network constraint) to participants’ changes in theoretical mediators (i.e. dietary knowledge, perceived social support, self-efficacy) and weight loss using regression analysis. This study also performed mediation analyses to explore how the effects of social network measures on weight loss could be mediated by the aforementioned theoretical mediators. RESULTS 47 participants from two waves completed the study and were included in the analysis. We found that participants creating posts, comments and reactions predicted weight-loss (β=-.94, P=.042); receiving comments positively predicted changes in self-efficacy (β=7.81, P=.009); the degree to which one’s network neighbors are tightly connected with each other weakly predicted changes in perceived social support (β=7.70, P=.08). In addition, change in self-efficacy mediated the relationship between receiving comments and weight-loss (Indirect effect=-.89, P=.017). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses using data from this pilot study have linked participants’ network characteristics with changes in several important study outcomes of interest, such as self-efficacy, social support and weight. Our results point to the potential of using social network analysis to understand the social processes and mechanisms through which online behavioral interventions affects participants’ psychological and behavioral outcomes. Future studies are warranted to validate our results and further explore the relationship between network dynamics and study outcomes in similar and larger trials.

scholarly journals Fratricide in rebel movements: A network analysis of Syrian militant infighting

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kalah Gade ◽  
Mohammed M Hafez ◽  
Michael Gabbay
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Space Modeling ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Violent conflict among rebels is a common feature of civil wars and insurgencies. Yet, not all rebel groups are equally prone to such infighting. While previous research has focused on the systemic causes of violent conflict within rebel movements, this article explores the factors that affect the risk of conflict between pairs of rebel groups. We generate hypotheses concerning how differences in power, ideology, and state sponsors between rebel groups impact their propensity to clash and test them using data from the Syrian civil war. The data, drawn from hundreds of infighting claims made by rebel groups on social media, are used to construct a network of conflictual ties among 30 rebel groups. The relationship between the observed network structure and the independent variables is evaluated using network analysis metrics and methods including assortativity, community structure, simulation, and latent space modeling. We find strong evidence that ideologically distant groups have a higher propensity for infighting than ideologically proximate ones. We also find support for power asymmetry, meaning that pairs of groups of disparate size are at greater risk of infighting than pairs of equal strength. No support was found for the proposition that sharing state sponsors mitigates rebels’ propensity for infighting. Our results provide an important corrective to prevailing theory, which discounts the role of ideology in militant factional dynamics within fragmented conflicts.

Implicit-Shape Constancy: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

Perception ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B Deregowski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Shape Constancy ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Pictorial Perception ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
African Sample

A group of Scottish schoolchildren were tested on a task intended to measure the effect of implicit-shape constancy, and the scores were compared with those obtained from African samples. It was found that both groups were influenced by the implicit-shape constancy although the influence was less in the African sample. The relationship of these findings to other published reports of cross-cultural research into pictorial perception and susceptibility to illusions is discussed.

Conceptualising and testing the relationship between actual and perceived motor performance: A cross-cultural comparison in children from Australia and Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 1984-1996
Author(s):  
Maike Tietjens ◽  
Lisa M. Barnett ◽  
Dennis Dreiskämper ◽  
Benjamin Holfelder ◽  
Till Onno Utesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Relationship
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