The Mental Symptoms in Cases of Exophthalmic Goitre and Their Treatment

1909 ◽  
Vol 55 (231) ◽  
pp. 668-683
Author(s):  
John R. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Changes in the mental condition of the patient are frequently to be recognised as one of the earliest symptoms of exophthalmic goitre. These mental changes may be present before the cardiac or ocular symptoms have been established and before the changes in the thyroid have been observed. The most common feature is an intense and indefinable agitation leading to a more or less marked motor and mental restlessness, which causes the patient to look for constant change in her surroundings and work. There is an inability to settle long to any one occupation or recreation. Work begun with a feeling of relief at the change involved soon becomes irksome, is then done only with an effort, and with the cumulative feeling of effort and concentration required soon causes distress and the work is laid aside. Any sudden noise, any unexpected news, any of the ordinary disturbing elements of everyday life may be followed by an attack of palpitation lasting some hours, and yet, in spite of this, there is an imperative desire to keep moving; to go where such incidents may be experienced. Dr. Geo. Murray, in the Bradshaw Lecture of 1905, states that he has not noticed this craving for entertainment. It seems to be entirely a question of degree. If the stimulus is moderate there may be pleasure in its fulfilment; if more marked it may pass into an apprehensive dread with inhibition of this desire.

Evolutionary Algorithms In Architecture

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Peter Schwehr
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Buckminster Fuller ◽  
High Level

Change is a reliable constant. Constant change calls for strategies in managing everyday life and a high level of flexibility. Architecture must also rise to this challenge. The architect Richard Buckminster Fuller claimed that “A room should not be fixed, should not create a static mood, but should lend itself to change so that its occupants may play upon it as they would upon a piano (Krausse 2001).” This liberal interpretation in architecture defines the ability of a building to react to (ever-) changing requirements. The aim of the project is to investigate the flexibility of buildings using evolutionary algorithms characterized by Darwin. As a working model for development, the evolutionary algorithm consists of variation, selection and reproduction (VSR algorithm). The result of a VSR algorithm is adaptability (Buskes 2008). If this working model is applied to architecture, it is possible to examine as to what extent the adaptability of buildings – as an expression of a cultural achievement – is subject to evolutionary principles, and in which area the model seems unsuitable for the 'open buildings' criteria. (N. John Habraken). It illustrates the significance of variation, selection and replication in architecture and how evolutionary principles can be transferred to the issues of flexible buildings. What are the consequences for the building if it were to be designed and built with the help of evolutionary principles? How can we react to the growing demand for flexibilization of buildings by using evolutionary principles?

Urban Design and Dilemmas of Space

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Madanipour
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The City ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
Meaningful Communication

My aim in this paper is to find an understanding of the concept of space which could be used in urban design, but which could also be shared by others with an interest in space. Social scientists, geographers, architects, urban planners, and designers use the term space in their academic and professional involvement with the city. But when they meet each other their discourse seems to be handicapped partly because of a difference in their usage and understanding of the concept of space. I will argue that to arrive at a common platform in which a meaningful communication can become possible, we need to confront such fragmentation by moving towards a more unified concept of space. I will argue for a concept of space which would refer to our objective, physical space with its social and psychological dimensions, a dynamic conception which accommodates at the same time constant change and embeddedness, and that can only be understood in monitoring the way space is being made and remade, at the intersection of the development processes and everyday life.

scholarly journals The Physical, Psychological, and Social Day-to-Day Experience of Women Living With Endometriosis Compared to Healthy Age-Matched Controls—A Mixed-Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Olliges ◽  
Alina Bobinger ◽  
Annemarie Weber ◽  
Verena Hoffmann ◽  
Timo Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Background: Endometriosis is characterized by lesions of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Chronic pain is considered as main symptom, but challenges can relate to various physical, mental, and social aspects of the women's lives. The aim of our study was to gain a holistic understanding of the everyday reality of women with endometriosis compared to healthy controls.Methods: The total sample comprised 12 hormone-free endometriosis patients (EP) and 11 age-matched healthy women (HC). A mixed-methods design was used comprising semi-structured interviews, standardized questionnaires and a comprehensive diary to assess pain ratings and various mental and physical symptoms over the course of a menstrual cycle. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and evaluated according to phenomenological analysis using the MAXQDA software.Results: Interviews showed that living with endometriosis was associated with an impairment in everyday life. Physical strains, especially pain, high levels of psychological distress, and social limitations have been reported. Living with endometriosis affected the patients' personality and they “no longer felt like themselves.” Physical and psychological symptoms were reported to interfere with social interaction and participation. Evaluation of the standardized questionnaires revealed significant impairments in EP compared to HC in regard to anxiety and depression scores (both p < 0.001; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), mental and physical quality of life (both p < 0.001; Short-Form Health Survey-12), stress ratings (p < 0.001; Patient Health Questionnaire-15) and functional well-being (p < 0.001; Functional Well-being-7). The highest levels of mean pelvic pain and dyschezia were observed in EP during menstruation, but mean pain ratings and dyschezia were increased in EPs compared to HP during the whole cycle. EP reported mental symptoms (e.g., depressed mood or anxiety) mainly during menstruation, while HC did not show any mental symptoms during the cycle. In addition, physical symptoms were elevated during the entire cycle in EPs (all p < 0.01).Discussion: The mixed-methods approach enabled to interpret the interviews, the standardized questionnaires, and the symptom diary in a broader context of everyday life. The symptoms do not appear to act independently, but rather influence each other. This leads to a complex interplay of physical, mental, and social impairments, with pain often being the starting point.

The Psychosomatic Arc in Therapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Arno Remmers
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Positive Psychotherapy ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Keywords Psychosomatic

The psychosomatic arc, based on an idea of Nossrat Peseschkian in 1988, was further developed by the author from 1994 on to visualize the process of body and mental symptoms caused by life events and microtraumatic situations of everyday life. A semi-structured psychosomatic treatment process is described by which to understand the function and language of psychosomatic symptoms more easily. Keywords: psychosomatic arc, positive psychosomatic, positive psychotherapy, psychosomatic disorders, visualization in psychosomatic treatment

Witchcraft Divination and Magic among the Balovale Tribes

Africa ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. N. White
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Tribal Society ◽  
Special Category ◽  
The Middle Ages

Belief in witchcraft was a characteristic of the Middle Ages and earlier in Europe, and a witch was executed there as late as 1782. Belief in witchcraft does not therefore place the African automatically in a special category of mankind; it is the result of being born and brought up in a society in which it is inherent. Broadly speaking a belief in witchcraft is a belief in a theory of cause and effect. It is a species of logic to explain why certain events have occurred. More particularly it is a theory of the causes of misfortunes which the believer finds to have their origins in the enmity of people possessed of evil powers. Since the belief is conditioned largely by the society in which the African is born and lives in a tribal state there is danger in the often-uttered statement that every African without exception believes implicitly in witchcraft. That is a superficial observation which is certainly not true. The African brought up outside tribal society to a greater or lesser degree will have his faith in witchcraft modified accordingly since that faith is a social and not a mental condition. An African born and brought up, for example, in England would only know of witchcraft objectively as a belief of other people. In Africa to-day, although tribal society predominates, it is not static; on the contrary in many respects it is in a state of constant change and modification, some would even say of a disintegration. In the light of this it is not surprising to find some Africans whose belief in witchcraft is being modified too.

On Larceny, as committed by Patients in the earlier stages of General Paralysis

1873 ◽  
Vol 18 (84) ◽  
pp. 536-543
Author(s):  
J. Wilkie Burman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Condition ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
The West ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Having recently admitted into the West Riding Asylum no less than three general paralytics, who either came from prison, or had undergone imprisonment not long previous to admission, on account of the commission of larceny; and being of opinion, considering the stage at which, in each case, the disease had arrived on admission, that its commencement must have dated prior to the commission of the crime;—I have been led to make further enquiry as to these and other similar cases which have occurred within the experience and recollection of the present medical officers of the West Riding Asylum. The result is, that I am now enabled, by the kind permission of Dr. Crichton Browne, to record short details of six cases of general paralysis, all males, and admitted during the last four years, in which it appears to me the commission of the crime was a manifestation of the earlier mental symptoms of the disease. Such being the case, the patients ought not to have been held responsible for their actions. I feel it, therefore, a duty, to call the attention of medical officers of prisons, and “all whom it may concern,” to these facts, and to urge upon them the necessity of instituting a more searching enquiry into the mental condition of such cases, and also of cultivating a more extended acquaintance with the symptoms—especially the earlier ones—both mental and physical, of that very common and peculiar disease usually termed “general paralysis of the insane;” and this I would do in no dictatorial spirit, for I am well assured that those to whom my remarks are addressed are susceptible to the influence of that humane sentiment which leads us to shrink from inflicting punishment for crime committed by persons who are of unsound mind and consequently not legally responsible for their actions.

On Larceny, as committed by Patients in the earlier stages of General Paralysis

1873 ◽  
Vol 18 (84) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wilkie Burman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Condition ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
The West ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Having recently admitted into the West Riding Asylum no less than three general paralytics, who either came from prison, or had undergone imprisonment not long previous to admission, on account of the commission of larceny; and being of opinion, considering the stage at which, in each case, the disease had arrived on admission, that its commencement must have dated prior to the commission of the crime;—I have been led to make further enquiry as to these and other similar cases which have occurred within the experience and recollection of the present medical officers of the West Riding Asylum. The result is, that I am now enabled, by the kind permission of Dr. Crichton Browne, to record short details of six cases of general paralysis, all males, and admitted during the last four years, in which it appears to me the commission of the crime was a manifestation of the earlier mental symptoms of the disease. Such being the case, the patients ought not to have been held responsible for their actions. I feel it, therefore, a duty, to call the attention of medical officers of prisons, and “all whom it may concern,” to these facts, and to urge upon them the necessity of instituting a more searching enquiry into the mental condition of such cases, and also of cultivating a more extended acquaintance with the symptoms—especially the earlier ones—both mental and physical, of that very common and peculiar disease usually termed “general paralysis of the insane;” and this I would do in no dictatorial spirit, for I am well assured that those to whom my remarks are addressed are susceptible to the influence of that humane sentiment which leads us to shrink from inflicting punishment for crime committed by persons who are of unsound mind and consequently not legally responsible for their actions.

The Mental Symptoms of Myxædema and the Effect on them of the Thyroid Treatment

1894 ◽  
Vol 40 (168) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
T. S. Clouston
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
Classical Description ◽  
Mental Change ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Classical Paper ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
The Mind

In Sir William Gull's classical description of “A Cretinoid State,” which we now call Myxódema, in 1873 he thus describes the mental condition of his first patient: ∗—“In the patient whose condition I have given above there had been a distinct change in the mental state. The mind, which had previously been active and inquisitive, assumed a gentle, placid indifference corresponding to the muscular languor, but the intellect was unimpaired.” He noticed “changes in the temper,” and assumed that the mental changes were pathological and a part of the disease. In Dr. Ord's almost equally classical paper, in which he gave the disease its present name,† he referred to the “slowness of thought,” the “long and diffuse letters” of one of the patients. In every full description of any case of myxódema that I have seen some such morbid mental change has been referred to. In the Report for 1888 of the Committee of the Clinical Society of London on Myxódema, the mental condition of the patients was inquired into, but there is internal evidence that the reporters did not all understand mental symptoms in the same light. Slowness of mental action was the symptom most common, for its absence was only noted in three of the 109 cases. Delusions and hallucinations are stated to have been present in 15 cases, or 14 per cent., and actual insanity in 24 cases, or 22 per cent. There is very frequent mention of morbid suspicions under the mental heading, and memory is usually stated to be impaired where reported on. In his experiments on monkeys, detailed in the report, Horsley specially refers to mental symptons that followed extirpation of the thyroid. He says the “mental operations, normal at first, soon diminished in activity, and then follow apathy, lethargy, coma.” “Gradually the intellect became duller, the energy of the animal diminished, and apathy alternating with idiotic activity resulted.”

Thriving in Academia: Understanding and Managing the Complexities of Faculty Work

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketevan Mamiseishvili
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Faculty Work ◽  
College And University ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
University Settings

In this paper, I will illustrate the changing nature and complexity of faculty employment in college and university settings. I will use existing higher education research to describe changes in faculty demographics, the escalating demands placed on faculty in the work setting, and challenges that confront professors seeking tenure or administrative advancement. Boyer’s (1990) framework for bringing traditionally marginalized and neglected functions of teaching, service, and community engagement into scholarship is examined as a model for balancing not only teaching, research, and service, but also work with everyday life.

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