scholarly journals White matter microstructural impairments and genetic liability to familial bipolar I disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Chaddock ◽  
Gareth J. Barker ◽  
Nicolette Marshall ◽  
Katja Schulze ◽  
Mei Hua Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus

BackgroundSubtle abnormalities in frontal white matter have been reported in bipolar disorder.AimsTo assess whether impaired integrity of white matter tracts is associated with bipolar disorder and genetic liability for the disorder.MethodA total of 19 patients with psychotic bipolar I disorder from multiply affected families, 21 unaffected first-degree relatives and 18 comparison individuals (controls) underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Whole brain voxel-based analyses compared fractional anisotropy between patients and relatives with controls, and its relationship with a quantitative measure of genetic liability.ResultsPatients had decreased fractional anisotropy compared with controls in the genu of the corpus callosum, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and left superior longitudinal fasciculus. Increased genetic liability for bipolar disorder was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy across distributed regions of white matter in patients and their unaffected relatives.ConclusionsDisturbed structural integrity within key intra- and interhemispheric tracts characterises both bipolar disorder and genetic liability for this illness.

scholarly journals Abnormal anterior cingulum integrity in bipolar disorder determined through diffusion tensor imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Marcel Jackowski ◽  
Jessica H. Kalmar ◽  
Lara G. Chepenik ◽  
Karen Tie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Participants

BackgroundConvergent evidence implicates white matter abnormalities in bipolar disorder. The cingulum is an important candidate structure for study in bipolar disorder as it provides substantial white matter connections within the corticolimbic neural system that subserves emotional regulation involved in the disorder.AimsTo test the hypothesis that bipolar disorder is associated with abnormal white matter integrity in the cingulum.MethodFractional anisotropy in the anterior and posterior cingulum was compared between 42 participants with bipolar disorder and 42 healthy participants using diffusion tensor imaging.ResultsFractional anisotropy was significantly decreased in the anterior cingulum in the bipolar disorder group compared with the healthy group (P=0.003); however, fractional anisotropy in the posterior cingulum did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate abnormalities in the structural integrity of the anterior cingulum in bipolar disorder. They extend evidence that supports involvement of the neural system comprising the anterior cingulate cortex and its corticolimbic gray matter connection sites in bipolar disorder to implicate abnormalities in the white matter connections within the system provided by the cingulum.

scholarly journals Structural disconnectivity in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burns ◽  
D. Job ◽  
M. E. Bastin ◽  
H. Whalley ◽  
T. Macgillivray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
Arcuate Fasciculus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Tracts

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that schizophrenia is a disorder of cortical connectivity Specifically, frontotemporal and frontoparietal connections are thought to be functionally impaired. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT–MRI) is a technique that has the potential to demonstrate structural disconnectivity in schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate the structural integrity of frontotemporal and frontoparietal white matter tracts in schizophrenia.MethodThirty patients with DSM–IV schizophrenia and thirty matched control subjects underwent DT–MRI and structural MRI. Fractional anisotropy – an index of the integrity of white matter tracts – was determined in the uncinate fasciculus, the anterior cingulum and the arcuate fasciculus and analysed using voxel-based morphometry.ResultsThere was reduced fractional anisotropy in the left uncinate fasciculus and left arcuate fasciculus in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls.ConclusionsThe findings of reduced white matter tract integrity in the left uncinate fasciculus and left arcuate fasciculus suggest that there is frontotemporal and frontoparietal structural disconnectivity in schizophrenia.

White matter microstructural abnormalities in families multiply affected with bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor tractography study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2139-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Emsell ◽  
C. Chaddock ◽  
N. Forde ◽  
W. Van Hecke ◽  
G. J. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Participant Group ◽  
Dti Tractography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

BackgroundWhite matter (WM) abnormalities are proposed as potential endophenotypic markers of bipolar disorder (BD). In a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) voxel-based analysis (VBA) study of families multiply affected with BD, we previously reported that widespread abnormalities of fractional anisotropy (FA) are associated with both BD and genetic liability for illness. In the present study, we further investigated the endophenotypic potential of WM abnormalities by applying DTI tractography to specifically investigate tracts implicated in the pathophysiology of BD.MethodDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 19 patients with BD type I from multiply affected families, 21 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 18 healthy volunteers. DTI tractography was used to identify the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus (UF), arcuate portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), corpus callosum, and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of participant group and genetic liability on FA and radial diffusivity (RD) in each tract.ResultsWe detected a significant effect of group on both FA and RD in the cingulum, SLF, callosal splenium and ILF driven by reduced FA and increased RD in patients compared to controls and relatives. Increasing genetic liability was associated with decreased FA and increased RD in the UF, and decreased FA in the SLF, among patients.ConclusionsWM microstructural abnormalities in limbic, temporal and callosal pathways represent microstructural abnormalities associated with BD whereas alterations in the SLF and UF may represent potential markers of endophenotypic risk.

scholarly journals White matter injury induced by diabetes in acute stroke is clinically relevant: A preliminary study

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinfeng Yu ◽  
Ruirui Song ◽  
Yerfan Jiaerken ◽  
Lixia Yuan ◽  
Peiyu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Poor Outcome

The importance of white matter injury induced by diabetes in stroke severity and prognosis is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes-related white matter injury beyond stroke lesions with acute neurological deficits and clinical outcome after stroke. In total, 36 stroke patients within 3–7 days after onset were enrolled. Neurological deficits on admission were assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Score, and poor outcome at 3 months was defined as modified Rankin score >2. White matter tracts were compared between patients with diabetic and non-diabetic stroke using fractional anisotropy from diffusion tensor imaging. Regional white matter abnormality with decreased fractional anisotropy was observed in diabetic patients ( n = 18) when compared to non-diabetic patients ( n = 18). Decreased fractional anisotropy in ipsilesional distal corticospinal tract was independently associated with higher National Institute of Health Stroke Score motor component score ( β = −0.444, p = 0.005), and decreased fractional anisotropy in contralesional superior longitudinal fasciculus I was independently related to poor outcome (odds ratio, 0.900; p = 0.033). Our findings suggested that only white matter injury induced by diabetes in specific tracts like corticospinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus beyond stroke lesions has clinically relevant, providing insight into the mechanism of stroke recovery under the diabetic condition.

scholarly journals Greater Loss of White Matter Integrity in Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty Subtype of Parkinson's Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanquan Gu ◽  
Peiyu Huang ◽  
Min Xuan ◽  
Xiaojun Xu ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Radial Diffusivity ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Axial Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities

ABSTRACTBackground: Patients with the postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype of Parkinson disease (PD) are at a higher risk of dysfunction and are less responsive to dopamine replacement therapy. The PIGD subtype was found to largely associate with white matter lesions, but details of the diffusion changes within these lesions have not been fully investigated. Voxel-based analysis for diffusion tensor imaging data is one of the preferred measures to compare diffusion changes in each voxel in any part of the brain. Methods: PD patients with the PIGD (n=12) and non-PIGD subtypes (n=12) were recruited to compare diffusion differences in fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity with voxel-based analysis. Results: Significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral anterior corona radiata, and the left genu of the corpus callosum were shown in the PIGD subtype compared with the non-PIGD subtype. Increased radial diffusivity in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus was found in the PIGD subtype with no statistical differences in axial diffusivity found. Conclusions: Our study confirms previous findings that white matter abnormalities were greater in the PIGD subtype than in the non-PIGD subtype. Additionally, our findings suggested: (1) compared with the non-PIGD subtype, loss of white matter integrity was greater in the PIGD subtype; (2) bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus may play a critical role in microstructural white matter abnormalities in the PIGD subtype; and (3) reduced white matter integrity in the PIGD subtype could be mainly attributed to demyelination rather than axonal loss.

Individual differences in white and grey matter structure associated with verbal habits of thought

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Hayes ◽  
Katherine L Alfred ◽  
Rachel Pizzie ◽  
Joshua S. Cetron ◽  
David J. M. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Modality specific encoding habits account for a significant portion of individual differences reflected in functional activation during cognitive processing. Yet, little is known about how these habits of thought influence long-term structural changes in the brain. Traditionally, habits of thought have been assessed using self-report questionnaires such as the visualizer-verbalizer questionnaire. Here, rather than relying on subjective reports, we measured habits of thought using a novel behavioral task assessing attentional biases toward picture and word stimuli. Hypothesizing that verbal habits of thought are reflected in the structural integrity of white matter tracts and cortical regions of interest, we used diffusion tensor imaging and volumetric analyses to assess this prediction. Using a whole-brain approach, we show that word bias is associated with increased volume in several bilateral language regions, in both white and grey matter parcels. Additionally, connectivity within white matter tracts within an a priori speech production network increased as a function of word bias. These results demonstrate long-term structural and morphological differences associated with verbal habits of thought.

Assessment of White Matter Lesions in Parkinson's Disease: Voxel-based Analysis and Tract-based Spatial Statistics Analysis of Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
Wei Pu ◽  
Xudong Shen ◽  
Mingming Huang ◽  
Zhiqian Li ◽  
Xianchun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Tract Based Spatial Statistics

Objective: Application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore the changes of FA value in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: 27 patients with PD were divided into PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) group (n = 7) and PD group (n = 20). The original images were processed using voxel-based analysis (VBA) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Results: The average age of pd-mci group was longer than that of PD group, and the course of disease was longer than that of PD group. Compared with PD group, the voxel based analysis-fractional anisotropy (VBA-FA) values of PD-MCI group decreased in the following areas: bilateral frontal lobe, bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral subthalamic nucleus, corpus callosum, and gyrus cingula. Tract-based spatial statistics-fractional anisotropy (TBSS-FA) values in PD-MCI group decreased in bilateral corticospinal tract, anterior cingulum, posterior cingulum, fornix tract, bilateral superior thalamic radiation, corpus callosum(genu, body and splenium), bilateral uncinate fasciculus, bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and bilateral parietal-occipital tracts. The mean age of onset in the PD-MCI group was greater than that in the PD group, and the disease course was longer than that in the PD group. Conclusion: DTI-based VBA and TBSS post-processing methods can detect abnormalities in multiple brain areas and white matter fiber tracts in PD-MCI patients. Impairment of multiple cerebral cortex and white matter fiber pathways may be an important causes of cognitive dysfunction in PD-MCI.

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