scholarly journals Affective disorders, anxiety disorders and the risk of alcohol dependence and misuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Liang ◽  
Tanya Chikritzhs
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Well Being

BackgroundIt is unclear whether common affective disorders and anxiety disorders increase the risk of alcohol dependence and alcohol misuse.AimsTo investigate whether affective disorders and anxiety disorders increase the risk of alcohol dependence and alcohol misuse.MethodThis study is a retrospective cohort study based on data collected from the 2007 Australia Mental Health and Well-Being survey. Both Poisson and logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis.ResultsParticipants with affective disorders (relative risk (RR) = 5.46, 95% CI 4.08–7.31 for alcohol dependence within 5 years of onset; RR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.93–3.99 after first 5 years) and anxiety disorders (RR = 3.33, 95% CI 2.37–4.68 for alcohol dependence within first 5 years of onset; RR = 3.56, 95% CI 2.72–4.64 after first 5 years) were at higher risk of alcohol misuse and alcohol dependence.ConclusionsCommon affective disorders and anxiety disorders may increase the risk of alcohol dependence and alcohol misuse among the Australian population.

scholarly journals Do RATs save lives? A retrospective analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an English Ambulance Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pilbery ◽  
M. Dawn Teare
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Routinely Collected Data ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

<h3>Study aim</h3><p>This study aims to determine the impact of the red arrest teams (RATs) on survival to 30 days and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at hospital.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p class="FirstParagraph">A retrospective cohort study analysing routinely collected data was undertaken. All adult (≥18 years) OHCAs entered onto the YAS computer aided dispatch (CAD) system between the 1st October, 2015 and 30th September, 2017 were included if the patient was resuscitated, and the cause of the arrest was considered to be medical in origin. Multivariable logistic regression models were created to enable adjustment for common predictors of survival and ROSC.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>During the 2-year data collection period, 15,151 cardiac arrests that were attended by Yorkshire Ambulance Service. After removing ineligible cases, 5,868 cardiac arrests remained. RATs attended 2,000/5,868 (34.1%) incidents, with each RAT attending a median of 13 cardiac arrests (IQR 7–23, minimum 1, maximum 78).</p><p class="FirstParagraph">The adjusted odds ratios suggest that a RAT on scene is associated with a slight increase in the odds of survival to 30 days (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.74–1.38) and odds of ROSC on arrival at hospital (OR 1.13, 95%CI 0.99–1.29), compared to the odds of not having a RAT present, although neither results are statistically significant.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p class="FirstParagraph">The presence of a RAT paramedic was associated with a small increase in survival to 30 days and ROSC on arrival at hospital, although neither were statistically significant. Larger prospective studies are required to determine the effect of roles such as RAT on outcomes from OHCA</p>

Generational Peers and Alcohol Misuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Niño ◽  
Tianji Cai ◽  
Gabe Ignatow ◽  
Philip Yang
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Meaningful Role ◽  
Health And Well Being

This study investigates the influence of generational peers on alcohol misuse among immigrant youth. We derive hypotheses from sociological theories of generations regarding race/ethnicity, gender, and immigrant generation and test these hypotheses using a measure that accounts for the proportion of peers within a given peer network that are of the same immigrant generation. Results show that generational ties decreased the odds of alcohol misuse for immigrants and that these effects depend partly on race/ethnicity and gender. We conclude that generational ties play a meaningful role in the health and well-being of immigrant youth, and discuss possible future avenues for research on immigrant generational peers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cognitive Frailty, Do Psychosocial-Related Factors Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo ◽  
David Facal ◽  
María Campos-Magdaleno ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro ◽  
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
High Prevalence

Cognitive frailty (CF) is a topic of growing interest with implications for the study of preventive interventions in aging. Nevertheless, little research has been done to assess the influence of psychosocial variables on the risk of CF. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of CF in a Spanish sample and to explore the influence of psychosocial variables in this prevalence. Physical frailty and cognitive, functional, psychosocial, and socio-demographic aspects were assessed in a sample of 285 participants over 60 years. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out. A prevalence of 21.8% (95% CI 17.4–26.9) was established when both frail and pre-frail conditions were included, and a prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI 1.7–5.9) if only frail individuals were considered. Age, educational level, profession and psychological well-being variables significantly predicted CF. Frailty and pre-frailty are high-prevalence health conditions in older adults influenced by socio-demographic, socio-educative and affective factors.

Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity in Association With Underlying Metatarsus Adductus Deformity

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Shibuya ◽  
Daniel C. Jupiter ◽  
Britton S. Plemmons ◽  
Lanster Martin ◽  
Jakob C. Thorud
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hallux Valgus Deformity ◽  
Metatarsus Adductus

Presence of underlying metatarsus deformity is known to negatively affect the outcome of hallux valgus corrective surgery. Yet there are many other factors that also affect final outcomes. In order to address the potential relationships between variables, we attempted to evaluate the association of metatarsus adductus with surgical outcomes, independent of other common factors used in evaluation of hallux valgus deformity. We enrolled 154 patients who had undergone hallux valgus corrective surgery and recorded their pre- and postoperative intermetatarsal (IM12) and hallux valgus (HVA) angles, preoperative Engel’s angle, and type of hallux valgus procedure. Using linear and logistic regression models, we identified variables that were independently (1) associated with the final IM12 and HVA and those (2) independently associated with dichotomized postoperative IM12 and HVA. We found that the only factors that were independently associated were preoperative IM12 with postoperative IM12, and preoperative HVA with postoperative HVA. In the linear model, a discretized Engel’s angle of 21 to 25 was marginally negatively associated with the final IM12. There was no detectable relationship between underlying metatarsus adductus deformity and the final outcome of hallux valgus correction after adjusting for other covariates. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective, cohort study

scholarly journals Deconstructing current comorbidity: data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Cathy Issakidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Health And Well Being

BackgroundComorbidity in epidemiological surveys of mental disorders is common and of uncertain importance.AimsTo explore the correlates of current comorbidity.MethodData from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being were used to evaluate the relationships between comorbidity, disability and service utilisation associated with particular mental disorders.ResultsThe number of current comorbid disorders predicted disability, distress, neuroticism score and service utilisation. Comorbidity is more frequent than expected, which might be due to the effect of one disorder on the symptom level of another, or to the action of common causes on both. The combination of affective and anxiety disorders was more predictive of disability and service utilisation than any other two or three group combinations. When people nominated their principal disorder as the set of symptoms that troubled them the most, the affective and anxiety disorders together were associated with four-fifths of the disability and service utilisation.ConclusionsTo make clinical interventions more practical, current comorbidity is best reduced to a principal disorder and subsidiary disorders.

scholarly journals Safety Profile of Immunotherapy Combined With Antiangiogenic Therapy in Patients With Melanoma: Analysis of Three Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Bin Lian ◽  
Xieqiao Yan ◽  
Lu Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapy ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Objective: To describe the frequency and spectrum of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy in patients with melanoma.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included three clinical trials on patients with stage III/IV melanoma treated with anti–PD 1 and antiangiogenic therapy.Results: We analyzed data from 72 patients with a median follow-up time of 25.9 months (95% CI, 9.1–42.7 m). The median treatment duration was 7.5 months (range, 0.7–42.8 m), and the median of treatment cycles was 11.0 (range, 1–90). Most patients (70 of 72 or 97.2%) experienced TRAEs (mostly grades 1 or 2). No drug-related deaths were reported. Most TRAEs were hepatic (75%), endocrine (72.2%), skin (65.3%), and gastrointestinal tract (59.7%) manifestations, followed by myelosuppression (55.6%), renal dysfunction (55.6%), and dyslipidaemia (54.2%). The adverse event (AE) spectra were similar between regimens. Using multivariate Cox proportional risk models showed that hypertension was associated with a long PFS. According to our multivariable logistic regression models, TRAEs were not associated with ORR.Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of AEs was higher than that of anti–PD-1 monotherapy. Most of the AEs were mild. The AE spectra were similar to those seen after anti–PD-1 or antiangiogenic therapy monotherapy, without unexpected AEs. Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy was well tolerated.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03955354.

Comorbidity and Boundaries of Affective Disorders with Anxiety Disorders and Substance Misuse: Results of an International Task Force

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Merikangas ◽  
J. Angst ◽  
W. Eaton ◽  
G. Canino ◽  
M. Rubio-Stipec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Prevalence Period

Associations between affective disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders were examined in epidemiological studies conducted in Germany, Switzerland, Puerto Rico, and the mainland US. There was a remarkable degree of similarity across studies in the magnitude and type of specific disorders associated with the affective disorders. Comorbidity with affective disorders was greater for the anxiety disorders than for substance misuse. Panic disorder was the subtype of anxiety that was most highly comorbid with depression. Social phobia was the specific phobic type with the strongest association with the affective disorders. The magnitude of associations between substance misuse and affective disorders generally was quite low and less consistent across sites. No major differences were found in the patterns of comorbidity by gender or age group, affective subtype or prevalence period. The onset of anxiety disorders generally preceded that of depression, whereas alcohol misuse was equally likely to pre- or post-date the onset of affective disorders. Finally, comorbidity was associated with an elevation in treatment ratesacross all sites, confirming Berkson's paradox on an international level.

scholarly journals Risk of Interruption of Doctoral Studies and Mental Health in PhD Students

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Sara M. González-Betancor ◽  
Pablo Dorta-González
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Doctoral Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression

PhD students report a higher prevalence of mental illness symptoms than highly educated individuals in the general population. This situation presents a serious problem for universities. Thus, the knowledge about this phenomenon is of great importance in decision-making. In this paper we use the Nature PhD survey 2019 and estimate several binomial logistic regression models to analyze the risk of interrupting doctoral studies. This risk is measured through the desire of change in either the supervisor or the area of expertise, or the wish of not pursue a PhD. Among the explanatory factors, we focus on the influence of anxiety/depression, discrimination, and bullying. As control variables we use demographic characteristics and others related with the doctoral program. Insufficient contact time with supervisors, and exceeding time spent studying crossing the 50-h week barrier, are risk factors of PhD studies interruption, but the most decisive risk factor is poor mental health. Universities should therefore foster an environment of well-being, which allows the development of autonomy and resilience of their PhD students or, when necessary, which fosters the development of conflict resolution skills.

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