scholarly journals Specialised in-patient treatment for severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M. Drummond ◽  
Anusha Pillay ◽  
Peter Kolb ◽  
Shashi Rani
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Mean

Aims and MethodA naturalistic study was conducted to examine the outcome on self-report and observer-rated measures in patients with severe, chronic, resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) admitted to a specialised in-patient unit.ResultsTwenty-six patients were admitted over the study period. The mean age of all patients was 37 years (s.d.=13.8, range 18–61 years) and they had a mean duration of OCD of 18.4 years (s.d.=10.9, range 4–40 years). Instruments measuring severity demonstrated a 37–67% reduction in obsessive–compulsive symptoms and a 64% reduction in depressive symptoms after an average of almost 15 weeks in hospital.Clinical ImplicationsThis study demonstrates that specialised in-patient care can benefit a small group of severely ill patients with OCD who fail to respond to treatment in primary and secondary care.

scholarly journals Long durations from symptom onset to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A retrospective self-report study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261169
Author(s):  
Sina Ziegler ◽  
Klara Bednasch ◽  
Sabrina Baldofski ◽  
Christine Rummel-Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Mean

Background Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common mental disorders, it takes up to 17 years for patients with OCD to receive adequate therapy. According to existing outdated literature, this study aimed to investigate the current duration between symptom onset and diagnosis and between diagnosis and the beginning of therapy separately. Methods In a cross-sectional study, N = 100 patients diagnosed with OCD undergoing treatment in a psychiatric outpatient department were assessed, using self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic and clinical variables. Based on self-reported information, the durations between age at symptom onset and age at diagnosis, and between age at diagnosis and beginning of therapy were calculated. To investigate associated factors, two subgroups of patients, one with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis < 7 years, and another with a long duration between symptom onset and diagnosis ≥ 7 years, respectively, were compared. Results and conclusion Patients reported first symptoms of OCD at a mean age of 18.72 years. The mean duration between age at symptom onset and age at diagnosis was 12.78 years and the mean duration between age at diagnosis and the beginning of therapy was 1.45 years. Subgroup comparison indicated that patients with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis were significantly younger than patients with a long duration. However, patients with a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis were at an older age when they reported first symptoms of OCD. Further, they showed less severe symptoms of OCD, higher functioning levels, and less self-stigmatization than patients with a long duration. It can be concluded that the duration until patients with OCD are diagnosed correctly and receive adequate treatment is still very long. Therefore, the duration between symptom onset and diagnosis should be shortened. Further, the duration between diagnosis and the beginning of therapy could be a good additional approach to reduce the overall duration of untreated disorder.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Meta-Worry and Intolerance of Uncertainty With Pathological Worry, Anxiety, and Depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigar G. Khawaja ◽  
Janette McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Pathological Worry ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThis study explored how meta-worry and intolerance of uncertainty relate to pathological worry, generalised anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder, social phobia, and depression. University students (n = 253)completed a questionnaire battery. A series of regression analyses were conducted. The results indicated that meta-worry was associated with GAD, social phobia, obsessive–compulsive, and depressive symptoms. Intolerance of uncertainty was related to GAD, social phobia, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms, but not depressive symptoms. The importance of meta-worry and intolerance of uncertainty as predictors of pathological worry, GAD, social phobia, obsessive–compulsive and depressive symptoms was also examined. Even though both factors significantly predicted the aforementioned symptoms, meta-worry emerged as a stronger predictor of GAD and obsessive compulsive symptoms than did intolerance of uncertainty. Intolerance of uncertainty, compared with meta-worry, appeared as a stronger predictor of social phobia symptoms. Findings emphasise the importance of addressing meta-worry and/or intolerance of uncertainty not only for the assessment and treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), but also obsessive–compulsive disorder, social phobia, and depression.

scholarly journals Thought-action fusion and inflated responsibility in psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kirsty Jane Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

<p>The aim of the current research was to investigate the presence and roles of inflated responsibility and thought-action fusion in psychopathology. The three underlying research themes were to examine the relationship between thought-action fusion and inflated responsibility, the roles that they play in psychopathology, and the possible etiology of these types of beliefs. It is proposed that these responsibility beliefs are not specific to obsessive compulsive disorder, as commonly assumed, and that they play important roles in the maintenance of a range of psychological symptoms. This thesis presents the results of four studies. The first study was designed to investigate the presence of Thought-Action Fusion (TAF) and Inflated Responsibility (IR) alongside symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, with thought suppression playing an intermediary role. Study 2 examined the interaction between responsibility beliefs and locus of control on obsessive-compulsive symptoms with non-clinical and clinical participants. The third study focussed on the etiology of responsibility beliefs, taking Salkovskis, Shafran, Rachman, and Freeston’s (1999) theory of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility and empirically testing this with both clinical and non-clinical samples. Study 4 focussed on the relationship between responsibility beliefs and religiosity, using participants of Protestant Christian beliefs and Atheists. These studies collectively show that Thought-Action Fusion and Inflated Responsibility are both important and contributing factors in psychopathology, especially playing a part in the maintenance of symptoms and feelings of distress. Results indicated that while TAF tends to be specific to obsessive compulsive symptoms, IR is more of a general cognitive bias. Results also indicate that critical experiences in one’s life can lead to biases in responsibility beliefs. Additionally, results show that these biases are not always indicative of psychopathology when they are acceptable within a particular set of morals, for example religion. These findings are of both theoretical and clinical significance because they add to the growing understanding of TAF and IR in psychopathology. The current research was conducted with observational, self-report measures; further research using longitudinal studies is needed for more clarity on causality.</p>

scholarly journals Thought-action fusion and inflated responsibility in psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kirsty Jane Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

<p>The aim of the current research was to investigate the presence and roles of inflated responsibility and thought-action fusion in psychopathology. The three underlying research themes were to examine the relationship between thought-action fusion and inflated responsibility, the roles that they play in psychopathology, and the possible etiology of these types of beliefs. It is proposed that these responsibility beliefs are not specific to obsessive compulsive disorder, as commonly assumed, and that they play important roles in the maintenance of a range of psychological symptoms. This thesis presents the results of four studies. The first study was designed to investigate the presence of Thought-Action Fusion (TAF) and Inflated Responsibility (IR) alongside symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, with thought suppression playing an intermediary role. Study 2 examined the interaction between responsibility beliefs and locus of control on obsessive-compulsive symptoms with non-clinical and clinical participants. The third study focussed on the etiology of responsibility beliefs, taking Salkovskis, Shafran, Rachman, and Freeston’s (1999) theory of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility and empirically testing this with both clinical and non-clinical samples. Study 4 focussed on the relationship between responsibility beliefs and religiosity, using participants of Protestant Christian beliefs and Atheists. These studies collectively show that Thought-Action Fusion and Inflated Responsibility are both important and contributing factors in psychopathology, especially playing a part in the maintenance of symptoms and feelings of distress. Results indicated that while TAF tends to be specific to obsessive compulsive symptoms, IR is more of a general cognitive bias. Results also indicate that critical experiences in one’s life can lead to biases in responsibility beliefs. Additionally, results show that these biases are not always indicative of psychopathology when they are acceptable within a particular set of morals, for example religion. These findings are of both theoretical and clinical significance because they add to the growing understanding of TAF and IR in psychopathology. The current research was conducted with observational, self-report measures; further research using longitudinal studies is needed for more clarity on causality.</p>

The Clinical Characteristics of ADHD and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comorbidity

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanem Mersin Kilic ◽  
Ayse Dondu ◽  
Cagdas Oyku Memis ◽  
Filiz Ozdemiroglu ◽  
Levent Sevincok
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Motor Subscale

Objective: To investigate the clinical implications of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and ADHD comorbidity in adults. Method: The OCD patients who had and had no diagnosis of adulthood ADHD were compared in terms of several demographic and clinical variables. Results: The mean number of obsessions and compulsions; hoarding, symmetry, and miscellaneous obsessions; ordering/arranging and hoarding compulsions; total, attentional, and motor subscale scores of Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS)-11 were more frequent among the patients with OCD-ADHD. The mean age of onset was more likely to be earlier in ADHD-OCD group than in OCD group. Impulsivity, symmetry obsessions, and hoarding compulsions strongly predicted the coexistence between ADHD and OCD. Conclusion: OCD-ADHD comorbidity in adults seemed to be associated with an earlier onset of OCD, with the predominance of impulsivity, and with a different obsessive-compulsive symptom (OC) profile from OCD patients without a diagnosis of ADHD.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050329
Author(s):  
Johannes Julian Bürkle ◽  
Johannes Caspar Fendel ◽  
Stefan Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

IntroductionCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention is the recommended standard for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a high proportion of patients refuse this treatment, do not respond or relapse shortly after treatment. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes (MABPs) are an effective option for the treatment of OCD. This systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the effectiveness of MABPs in treating OCD. We also aimed to explore potential moderators of the programmes’ effectiveness.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PSYINDEX, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (no language restrictions) for studies that evaluate the effect of MABPs on patients with OCD. We will conduct backward and forward citation searches of included studies and relevant reviews and contact corresponding authors. The primary outcome will be pre-post intervention change in symptom severity. A secondary outcome will be change in depressive symptoms. Two reviewers will independently screen the records, extract the data and rate the methodological quality of the studies. We will include both controlled and uncontrolled trials. Randomised controlled trials will be meta-analysed, separately assessing between-group effects. A second meta-analysis will assess the within-group effect of all eligible studies. We will explore moderators and sources of heterogeneity such as the specific programme, study design, changes in depressive symptoms, hours of guided treatment, control condition and prior therapy (eg, CBT) using metaregression and subgroup analyses. We will perform sensitivity analyses using follow-up data. A narrative synthesis will also be pursued. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

The treatment of magical ideation in two individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Einstein ◽  
Ross G. Menzies ◽  
Tamsen St Clare ◽  
Juliette Drobny ◽  
Fjola Dogg Helgadottir
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractData collected from clinical populations indicate that magical ideation (MI) may play a causal or a mediating role in the expression of obsessive compulsive symptoms. If this is the case then when targeted in treatment, symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) should be altered. Two individuals diagnosed with OCD received a trial treatment targeting magical thinking. The intervention consisted of a series of procedures designed to undermine superstitious/MI without targeting obsessions or compulsions. The procedures involved critical analysis of the following material: (1) a free astrology offer; (2) a horoscope prediction exercise; (3) a description of four different cultural explanations of the origin of fire; (4) an instructive guide for Tarot card readers; (5) a report of a UFO sighting; (6) a video-clip describing a cult festival; (7) a description of a ‘hoax’ channeler and (8) a superstition exercise. Measures of obsessive compulsive symptoms, superstition, MI and thought–action fusion were administered pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3 months’ follow-up. According to the twofold criterion of Jacobson et al. (Behaviour Therapy 1984, 15, 336–352), following treatment the patients were identified as being recovered on measures of magical and superstitious thinking and on the Padua Inventory.

Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms is Related to Self-Directedness Character Trait in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cruz-Fuentes ◽  
Claudia Blas ◽  
Laura Gonzalez ◽  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
Humberto Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Character Inventory

ABSTRACT:Objective:The present study examined the psychobiological Temperament and Character model of personality on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, as well as the relation of temperament and/or character dimensions on the severity of obsessive-compubive symptoms.Methods:Fifty-four subjects diagnosed with OCD, were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale and the Hamilton Rating Scales for depression and anxiety.Results:Compared with controls, OCD subjects displayed increased harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness. Low self-directedness and high Hamilton depression scores were associated with increased severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Conclusions:The Temperament and Character profile of OCD patients characterized in the present stud personality model and can be linked to some of their behavioral features. Furthermore, our data provides support of the influence that some personality traits may have on the severity of OCD symptoms.

Initial Data on Recollections of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Coles ◽  
Casey A. Schofield ◽  
Jacob A. Nota
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs

Background: Despite literature establishing a relationship between maladaptive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there are few studies addressing how these beliefs develop. Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) proposed specific domains of childhood experiences leading to heightened beliefs regarding responsibility. Prior studies in students and individuals who just completed treatment for OCD have found support for this theory. However, we are not aware of published data from individuals with current OCD. Aims: This paper presents initial data from adults currently meeting criteria for OCD as well as both anxious and non-anxious controls. Method: Recollections of childhood experiences, current OCD-related beliefs, and OCD symptoms were assessed using self-report measures in 39 individuals seeking treatment for OCD, 36 anxious controls and 39 healthy controls. Results: Initial data suggested that in individuals with OCD, increased reports of childhood exposure to overprotection and experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune were associated with stronger OCD-related beliefs. Further, compared to community controls, individuals with OCD reported more childhood experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune, though they did not differ from anxious controls in childhood responsibility experiences. Conclusions: These initial findings provide minimal support for the proposed model of the development of inflated responsibility beliefs, and highlight the need for research examining the etiology of OCD related beliefs with updated models, larger samples, and ultimately using prospective methods.

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