A Rating Instrument for the Evaluation of In-Patient Rehabilitation Programmes in China

To objectively evaluate in-patient rehabilitation programmes in China, we developed a new rating scale: the Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Outcome Scale (IPROS). The scale has five subscales: performance in occupational therapy, daily activities, socialisation, personal hygiene, and level of interest in external events. Evaluators (physicians or nurses) observe patients for one week before coding items on a five-point scale. Comparison of four independent evaluators' results for 32 schizophrenic patients assessed on two separate occasions indicated that the inter-rater and test-retest reliability for the overall IPROS score and for the five subscale scores was excellent (all ICC values ≥0.973). Validity was evaluated by comparing IPROS results with those of five other independently assessed clinical measures for 101 chronic schizophrenic patients before and after a six-month rehabilitation programme; concurrent validity and longitudinal validity were satisfactory (correlation coefficients 0.37–0.81, all P values <0.01).

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Ten years' experience with clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients: Factors indicating the therapeutic response

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(97)83577-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (S5) ◽

pp. 343s-346s ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E Alvarez ◽

F Barón ◽

J Perez-Blanco ◽

D Puigdemont José Soriano ◽

C Masip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Adjustment ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Average Dose ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Clozapine Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

A Prospective Study

SummaryA prospective study in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients was performed over 10 years to evaluate the therapeutic response to clozapine and the variables related to this treatment. Eighty schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients (according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual [DSM]-IIIR criteria), considered as refractory (previously resistant to at least two different typical neuroleptics), were studied. The average dose of clozapine was 267 mg/d. The clinical variables considered were: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), number of admissions before and after clozapine treatment and the Strauss-Carpenter scale as measures of efficacy; Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), to assess personal and social adjustment before illness; Karolinska Personality Scale (KPS) to assess stable traits of personality; and the Simpson-Angus scale as a measure of extrapyramidal symptoms. Sixty percent of patients showed a significant improvement after clozapine treatment. Side-effects were mild and well tolerated, with no cases of haematological disturbance and only five withdrawals because of adverse events. The severity of the episode, according to BPRS score and anxiety as a personal trait, are related to good prognosis. Other relationships between improvement and clinical and demographic variables are discussed.

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The Role of Human Rights and Personal Dignity in the Rehabilitation of Chronic Psychiatric Patients

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000293082 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 165 (S24) ◽

pp. 121-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dongxi Jin ◽

Guishu Li

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽

Personal Dignity ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

New Treatment ◽

Core Issues ◽

Chronic Psychiatric Patients

In 1983 the branch hospital of the Yanbian Community Psychiatric Hospital, a rural residential centre for 120 chronic psychiatric patients who have no means of financial support, adopted a new treatment philosophy that emphasised psychosocial rehabilitation and made the protection of patients' human rights and respect for their personal dignity the central organising principles for the hospital's treatment programme. From being a boarding facility for chronic psychiatric patients, the hospital became a thriving community. Comparison of the status of the 81 continuously resident schizophrenic patients before and after the policy change showed that (a) the proportion who actively participated in agricultural labour increased from 10% in 1982 to 38% in 1990; (b) the proportion who worked at non-agricultural jobs increased from 7% in 1982 to 22% in 1990; and (c) their mean yearly income increased from 1.67 Rmb in 1982 to 246.70 Rmb in 1990. Moreover, the number of successful suicides among all the patients in the hospital dropped from 13 in 1975–1982 to 1 in 1983–1990. We conclude that the success of psychiatric rehabilitation programmes depends on the extent to which they address the core issues of personal dignity and basic human rights.

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Measuring Spinal Mobility Using an Inertial Measurement Unit System: A Reliability Study in Axial Spondyloarthritis

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 490

Author(s):

Megan O’Grady ◽

Tom O’Dwyer ◽

James Connolly ◽

Joan Condell ◽

Karla Muñoz Esquivel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Study Participant ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Spinal Mobility ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Proxy Measure ◽

Linear Version ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Clinical Measures

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of wearable inertial motion unit (IMU) sensors in measuring spinal range of motion under supervised and unsupervised conditions in both laboratory and ambulatory settings. A secondary aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of composite IMU metrology scores (IMU-ASMI (Amb)). Forty people with axSpA participated in this clinical measurement study. Participant spinal mobility was assessed by conventional metrology (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, linear version—BASMILin) and by a wireless IMU sensor-based system which measured lumbar flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation. Each sensor-based movement test was converted to a normalized index and used to calculate IMU-ASMI (Amb) scores. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). There was good to excellent agreement for all spinal range of movements (ICC > 0.85) and IMU-ASMI (Amb) scores (ICC > 0.87) across all conditions. Correlations between IMU-ASMI (Amb) scores and conventional metrology were strong (Pearson correlation ≥ 0.85). An IMU sensor-based system is a reliable way of measuring spinal lumbar mobility in axSpA under supervised and unsupervised conditions. While not a replacement for established clinical measures, composite IMU-ASMI (Amb) scores may be reliably used as a proxy measure of spinal mobility.

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Comparing the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the numerical rating scale (NRS) in patient reported outcomes in psoriatic arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.200928 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. jrheum.200928

Author(s):

Weiyu Ye ◽

Simon Hackett ◽

Claire Vandevelde ◽

Sarah Twigg ◽

Philip S. Helliwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Life Impact ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Global Disease Activity ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objective Patient self-report scales are invaluable in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), as they allow physicians to rapidly assess patient perspectives of disease activity. We aimed to assess the agreement of the visual analogue scale (VAS), a 100 mm horizontal line, and the numerical rating scale (NRS), a 21-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 in increments of 0.5, in patients with PsA. Methods Data were collected prospectively across three UK hospital trusts from 2018-2019. All patients completed the VAS and NRS for pain, arthritis, skin psoriasis, and global disease activity. A subset completed an identical pack one week later. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Agreement was assessed using medians and the Bland-Altman method. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess test-retest reliability. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to assess dependency between scale scores and clinical parameters. Results 210 patients completed the study; one withdrew consent, thus 209 were analysed. For pain, arthritis, skin psoriasis and global disease activity, the difference between the VAS and NRS mostly lay within 1.96 SD of the mean, suggesting reasonable agreement between the two scales. 64.1% patients preferred the NRS. The ICCs demonstrate excellent test-retest reliability for both VAS and NRS. Higher VAS and NRS scores were associated with increased tender/swollen joint count, poorer functional status and greater life impact. Conclusion The VAS and NRS show reasonable agreement in key patient reported outcomes in PsA. Results from both scales are correlated with disease severity and life impact.

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Reliability of Parental Reports Using the Katz Adjustment Scales: Before and after Hospital Admission for Schizophrenia

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1989.65.1.251 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 251-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gordon Parker ◽

Penny Johnston

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admission ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Clinical State ◽

Sensitivity To Change ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Before And After ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Parental Reports ◽

The Individual ◽

Test Retest Reliability

We examined the interrater and test-retest reliability of the KATZ Adjustment Scale (Relative rated or R form) longitudinally in a sample of schizophrenic patients, assessing their function before hospital admission, as well as at 1 and 9 mo. after discharge. Changes in mean scores over those assessments suggested sensitivity to change while mothers and fathers both completed the measure with moderate consistency over time. Interrater reliability was moderate at best and quite poor at initial testing, when the subjects were most disturbed clinically, suggesting that the scales may be acceptable when the individual is stable but that ratings may be unreliable when there is an exacerbation in clinical state.

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Training Specific Attentiveness Functions to Improve Professional and Social Reintegration of Young Schizophrenic Patients with Multiple Drug Abuse

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70672-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

H.J. Kunert ◽

H.-J. Schatten ◽

F. Löhrer

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Drug Users ◽

Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽

Social Adaptation ◽

Control Group ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Phasic Alertness ◽

Before And After ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

Statement of the problem:Recent studies have conclusively proven the effectiveness of cognitive training in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation. Examinations on young schizophrenic drug users are yet to be done, although it could be shown that most of these patients are likely to relapse, abandon therapy and show untreated social adaptation disorders if existing cognitive functional deficits are not treated appropriately.Method:Pre-post examinations were done on 35 schizophrenic drug users (mean age 26±8 years; 27/8 men) to assess various attentiveness functions (i.e. alertness, divided attentiveness, visual scanning) before and after computerised attentiveness training (CURE therapy system, Siemens (NCSys)). Patient results were compared to those of a control group matched for age, education, illness characteristics and current medication which did not undergo cognitive training. Cognitive training lasted 6 weeks. At the same time, patients were assessed using standardised scales to determine whether their performance improved after work therapy.Results:Computerised attentiveness training led to significant improvement (>30%; p< .05) in everyday attentiveness functions (tonic and phasic alertness, divided attentiveness) as did work therapy (precision, endurance), although some patient subgroups are different in their course of therapy.Discussion:Training specific attentiveness functions helps improve rehabilitation of young schizophrenic patients with multiple drug abuse. Subgroup effects may also be of clinical relevance.

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A Self-Rating Scale for Measuring Neuroleptic Side-Effects

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.166.5.650 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 166 (5) ◽

pp. 650-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

Jennifer C. Day ◽

Graham Wood ◽

Mike Dewey ◽

Richard P. Bentall

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Side Effect ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Neuroleptic Drugs ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Self Rating ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Test Retest Reliability

BackgroundA study was conducted to validate a comprehensive self-rating scale for measuring side-effects of neuroleptic drugs.MethodThe Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS), which includes ‘red herring’ items, was twice administered to 50 DSM–III–R schizophrenic patients, who were also interviewed using the UKU side-effect rating scale; 50 unmedicated controls also completed the LUNSERS.ResultsThe test-retest reliability of the LUNSERS was good (r = 0.811, P< 0.001) as was its concurrent validity against the UKU (r = 0.828, P< 0.001). Scores correlated with chlorpromazine equivalent doses (r = 0.310, P< 0.02). ROC analysis demonstrated that the scale discriminated between patients and non-medicated controls, who scored differently for real side-effects but not for ‘red herring’ items.ConclusionsThe LUNSERS is an efficient, reliable and valid method of assessing neuroleptic side-effects.

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Reliability and Validity of the Functional Assessment Rating Scale

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1999.84.2.389 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 389-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert C. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Functional Assessment ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Interrater Agreement ◽

Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The Functional Assessment Rating Scale was developed as a measure of psychiatric symptomatology and psychosocial impairments. This study was designed to report estimates of reliability and validity with a population of schizophrenic patients. The scale showed very good interrater agreement, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity, so the scale seems a useful measure of psychopathology which may be used to assess and monitor patients displaying severe mental illnesses.

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Pengaruh Terapi Psikoreligious: Dzikir dalam Mengontrol Halusinasi Pendengaran Pada Pasien Skizofrenia yang Muslim di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Tampan Provinsi Riau

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v20i3.1063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 821

Author(s):

Pratiwi Gasril ◽

Suryani Suryani ◽

Heppi Sasmita

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

American Psychological Association ◽

Auditory Hallucinations ◽

P Value ◽

World Population ◽

American Psychological ◽

Before And After ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Patients Experience ◽

Additional Therapy

Data from the American Psychological Association (APA) in 2010 and Riskesdas 2013 show that on the average world population has schizophrenia and 70% of schizophrenic patients experience hallucinations. One of the recommended therapies in an effort to control hallucinations is psychoreligious therapy: dhikr. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of psycho-religious therapy: dhikr in controlling hallucinations in schizophrenia patients. The research method used is quantitative with a Quasy expriemental approach carried out on 20 respondents at the Tampan Mental Hospital, Riau Province. Researchers used the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS) module and evaluation sheet before and after the intervention. The results showed that there was an effect of psychoreligious therapy: dhikr in controlling hallucinations in schizophrenic patients (p value = 0,000). The results of this study can be used as additional therapy in controlling hallucinations in patients with auditory hallucinations.

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The Therapeutic Effect of Edible Horticultural Therapy on Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15916-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Hui He ◽

Tingting Li ◽

Fan Zhou ◽

Qianjun Yang ◽

Luyun Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reactions ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Horticultural Therapy ◽

Psychopathological Symptoms ◽

Before And After ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

New Evidence

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) are common adverse reactions to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edible horticultural therapy (EHT) on EPSs in schizophrenic patients. This study assessed the changes in psychopathological symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia before and after participating in a six-session EHT. Forty schizophrenic patients, recruited from Wuhan Wudong Hospital, were randomly assigned to the EHT group (average age: 45.40 ± 13.960 years) or the control group (average age: 49.30 ± 12.516 years). The EHT program held weekly sessions from May 2020 to June 2020. A psychiatrist assessed the psychopathological symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms of schizophrenic patients in both groups with the Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) and the Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects (RSESE). After six courses of horticultural therapy, the terms of positive, negative, and general symptoms on the PANSS significantly improved in the EHT group. Moreover, the EPSs were also significantly improved in the EHT group. However, there was no change in the PANSS and RSESE scores in the control group. This study shows that EHT has the potential to improve not only psychopathological symptoms but also EPSs in psychiatric patients. This adds new evidence for EHT as an adjunct to treatment for schizophrenia.

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