scholarly journals Alcohol use and addiction services in Ukraine

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy V. Samokhvalov ◽  
Valerii S. Pidkorytov ◽  
Igor V. Linskiy ◽  
Oleksandr I. Minko ◽  
Oleksii O. Minko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Economic Disparity ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Addiction Services ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Ukraine, with a population of 46.2 million, is the second largest country in Europe, with an area of 603 700 km2. It is still recovering from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, following the Soviet stagnation era (since the mid-1960s) and perestroika (from 1986), as well as the 1998 Russian financial crisis and Ukraine's 2004 Orange Revolution. These events have resulted in high levels of socio-economic disparity, political instability and a degraded healthcare infrastructure. These issues, in addition to traditionally high levels of alcohol consumption, have made binge drinking and alcoholism, among other addictions, major problems in Ukrainian society (Voloshin et al, 2003).

scholarly journals The role of Ukrainian "traditional" Churches in the transformational processes of transition from the totalitarian to the democratic system of Ukraine (1989 – 2005)

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Yuriy Hanushchak
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Religious Reasons ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article analyzes the participation of the Churches of the Kyiv tradition (these include the UGCC, UOC-MP, UOC-KP, UAOC) in the processes of transition of Ukrainian society from a totalitarian to a democratic system. During this period, the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine's independence and a large-scale democratic Orange Revolution took place. Undoubtedly, just as the Ukrainian Churches joined these events, so did the socio-political vicissitudes themselves influence the formation of the identity and positioning of many Christian denominations. The author considers the role of the UGCC and UAOC in the processes of national uplift and establishment of Ukrainian statehood in the late 80's of the XX century. Given that, the religious factor played an important role in the collapse of the totalitarian state and the establishment of Ukrainian statehood. At the beginning of independence, sovereign Ukraine faced the path of geopolitical choice, and eventually the scales prevailed in the direction of European integration, which gradually began to play an important role in shaping the country's foreign policy. The author finds out the cultural and religious reasons for the geopolitical choice of the majority of Ukrainians. One of the conclusions in the article is the fact that the Ukrainian Churches undoubtedly fall into the field of geopolitical confrontation, some of them choose the path of supporting the European integration process; others, on the contrary, argue in favor of the pro-Russian vector. This civilizational confrontation in society led to the Orange Revolution. As the Churches integrate into public life, one can observe their involvement in the events on Maidan in 2004. The events of the Orange Revolution contributed to the revival of democratic processes in Ukraine. And the experience gained by churches in participating in socio-political vicissitudes has helped to improve communication between churches, rethink their relationship with the state and form new relationships with society.

scholarly journals Gender Convergence in Alcohol Consumption Patterns: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9317
Author(s):  
Minkyung Kang ◽  
Ari Min ◽  
Haeyoung Min
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Gender Convergence

Gender differences in alcohol use have narrowed over the decades. This study aimed to explore changes in alcohol consumption patterns between 2007 and 2016 to identify gender convergence in alcohol use in Korea. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. For all respondents (41,662 girls/women and 32,041 boys/men) aged ≥12 years, lifetime drinking, current drinking, age of drinking onset, heavy alcohol use, and binge drinking were analyzed. Gender differences in heavy alcohol use and binge drinking decreased from 2007 to 2016 (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of heavy alcohol use and binge drinking decreased in boys/men (67.5% to 63.9%, p = 0.001; 63.4% to 60.9%, p = 0.001, respectively), but not in girls/women (50.2% to 50.4%, p = 0.279; 30.6% to 32.0%, p = 0.994, respectively). The proportion of lifetime abstainers decreased among both girls/women (24.3% to 19.1%, p < 0.001) and boys/men (12.1% to 9.7%, p = 0.01). In girls/women, the mean age of drinking onset decreased (from 24.1 to 23.6 years, p = 0.017); however, in boys/men, significant changes were not observed (from 18.9 to 18.7 years, p = 0.307). Healthcare providers should be aware of the growing health risks resulting from increased unhealthy alcohol use in women and develop gender-specific preventive interventions.

Ukraina: 30 lat bez ZSRR

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Hanna Bazhenova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Current Attitude ◽  
New States ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The collapse of the Soviet Union was a momentous event for the entire world, but it was Soviet citizens for whom it was of the greatest importance. The fall of the USSR changed the geopolitical and economic map of the world and led to the emergence of fifteen new states. An independent Ukraine has become a significant component of this new geopolitical reality. The dissolution of the USSR gave the citizens of Ukraine a chance to build a sovereign state, consistent with the national interest, the state which could independently pursue its strategic goals in the area of domestic and foreign policy. Thirty years have passed since those events, which is a long enough time period to analyse changes made and to define how Ukraine has taken advantage of its historic opportunity. This paper examines the political and economic transformation of Ukraine, as well as the evolution of its foreign policy. The article also questions whether it is appropriate to compare the post-communist development of Ukraine to certain Central European countries. It also highlights the current attitude of the Ukrainian society towards the collapse of the USSR and to the Soviet past of this country.

scholarly journals Contra Spem Spero: The Third Sector’s Resilience in the Face of Political Turbulence and Legislative Change in Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Krasynska
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
People Today

AbstractThe iconic Ukrainian poem, “Contra Spem Spero,” with its theme of resilience in the face of enduring hardships, appears as salient for the Ukrainian people today as when it was composed more than a hundred years ago. Political instability and a far from favorable legislative system have affected Ukraine’s society in a variety of ways since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. How have Ukraine’s nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) been shaped by these conditions? A review of academic and applied literature, as well as governmental reports and legislative texts, reveals that the political and legislative environment in Ukraine is highly unstable and, at times, antagonistic to NGOs. However, indicators of sector activity and interviews with Ukrainian nonprofits suggest that the sector, overall, has not changed significantly during the last decade of substantial political and legislative changes. This paper suggests that Ukrainian nonprofits (much like Ukrainian society in general) appear to exist in a parallel universe with the governmental and legislative world. Ukrainian nonprofits are generally not supported by and are largely independent from the government. The concept of a shadow economy in Ukraine is discussed as a way of understanding how nonprofit organizations continue to function in what is often an adverse policy environment. “Contra Spem Spero” (1890), translated from Latin as “Against all Hope I Hope,” is the title of a poem by one of Ukraine’s most revered poets, Lesya Ukraїnka.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Mitigation Measures on Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking in College Students: A Longitudinal Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9822
Author(s):  
Margarida Vasconcelos ◽  
Alberto Crego ◽  
Rui Rodrigues ◽  
Natália Almeida-Antunes ◽  
Eduardo López-Caneda
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Binge Drinkers ◽  
The Impact

To “flatten the curve” of COVID-19 contagion, several countries ordered lockdowns amid the pandemic along with indications on social distancing. These social isolation measures could potentially bring alterations to healthy behavior, including to alcohol consumption. However, there is hardly any scientific evidence of the impact of such measures on alcohol consumption and binge drinking (BD) among young adults, and how they relate to alcohol craving, stress, anxiety, and depression levels. We addressed these questions by conducting a longitudinal study with 146 Portuguese college students—regular binge drinkers (regular BDs), infrequent binge drinkers (infrequent BDs) and non-binge drinkers (non-BDs)—in three moments: before the pandemic (Pre-Lockdown), during lockdown (Lockdown) and 6 months after (Post-Lockdown). Results revealed that regular BDs decreased alcohol use during Lockdown, a change in behavior that was even greater during Post-Lockdown, when regular BDs displayed similar levels of consumption to infrequent/non-BDs. Additionally, alcohol craving and living with friends were predictive of alcohol use during Lockdown, whereas stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms did not contribute to explain changes in drinking behavior. Collectively, the results suggest that BD in young Portuguese college students can be stopped when the contexts in which alcohol intake usually takes place are suppressed, which may have important implications for future prevention and intervention strategies.

scholarly journals The 1957 Domestic Loan and the Completion of the Era of “Voluntary-Obligatory Loans” (Middle Ural)

2020 ◽  
pp. 435-449
Author(s):  
V. N. Mamyachenkov ◽  
E. A. Ivanov ◽  
V. V. Shvedov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The purpose of this article is to investigate events related to a significant fact in the economic history of the USSR - the actual refusal by the state of its obligations on previously placed domestic loans in 1957. The relevance of the study is due to the interest shown in researching the experience of overcoming the financial crisis. The scientific novelty of the study is seen in the fact that archival materials not previously published are introduced into the scientific circulation. It is stated that from the point of view of the modern economy, government borrowing is an indispensable and mandatory attribute of public finances. It is stated that the reason for the need for such borrowing lies in the property of a loan to reduce the time of realization of personal and social needs. It focuses on the fact that the culmination and final moment of the era of permanent state internal borrowing was the factual default of the state declared in the spring of 1957. A review of the statements of citizens characterizing their attitude to this event is carried out. It is proved that the default did not have a significant impact on the state of the family budgets of citizens of the country. It is concluded that in the history of the Soviet Union the mentioned event will remain an event of the passive-palliative type.

scholarly journals Risky alcohol consumption, dependency symptoms and minority stress in sexual minority young people

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Demant ◽  
B Saliba
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Risky Alcohol Consumption

Abstract Background Sexual Minority Young People (SMYP) use alcohol, tobacco and other drugs at disproportionate levels when compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Limited research has been conducted on dependency symptoms in this population as well as correlations between risky use of alcohol and minority stress including potential differences between identity subgroups. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 1,556 SMYPs (mean age: 22.6 years) from Australia. Variables include demographics, alcohol use, dependency symptoms and different dimensions of minority stress. Descriptive and correlational analyses, and binary logistic regressions were conducted. Results Most participants surveyed identified as gay or lesbian (59%) and as men (55%). Regular binge drinking (43%), as well as general high-risk alcohol use (52%), was prevalent in the sample. Dependency symptoms were also common in the sample including health, social, legal or financial problems as a result of alcohol consumption (17%). Meaningful differences in consumption and symptoms between subgroups were identified. Minority stress, including negative family reactions and homophobic harassment were significantly correlated with higher alcohol use and dependency symptoms. Conclusions High-risk alcohol consumption including binge drinking as well as dependency symptoms are highly prevalent in Australian SMYP but are not distributed equally across subgroups. Public health initiatives should consider targeting SMYP subgroups and concentrate on the role of alcohol as a potential maladaptive coping mechanism for minority stress. Key messages Risky alcohol consumption and dependency symptoms common in sexual minority young people but not equally distributed in subgroups. Minority stress likely to be linked to risky alcohol consumption and dependency symptoms.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Delivered Just-in-Time Planning Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Use in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severin Haug ◽  
Raquel Paz Castro ◽  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Tobias Kowatsch ◽  
Michael Patrick Schaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Time Planning ◽  
Planning Intervention

BACKGROUND Interventions to reduce alcohol use typically include several elements, such as information on the risks of alcohol consumption, planning for sensible drinking, and training of protective behavioral strategies. However, the effectiveness of these individual intervention elements within comprehensive programs has not been addressed so far, but it could provide valuable insights for the development of future interventions. Just-in-time interventions provided via mobile devices are intended to help people make healthy decisions in the moment and thus could influence health behavior. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the proximal effects of a mobile phone–delivered, just-in-time planning intervention to reduce alcohol use in adolescents who reported recent binge drinking. The efficacy of this individual intervention element was tested within a comprehensive intervention program to reduce problem drinking in adolescents. METHODS The study had an AB/BA crossover design, in which participants were randomly allocated to (1) a group receiving the planning intervention (A) in period 1 and assessment only (B) in period 2 or (2) a group receiving assessment only (B) in period 1 and the planning intervention (A) in period 2. The planning intervention included a text message to choose one of two predetermined if-then plans to practice sensible drinking with friends or when going out and a prompt to visualize the chosen plan. There was a washout period of at least 1 week between period 1 and period 2. RESULTS Out of 633 program participants who recently binge drank, 136 (21.5%) were receptive in both periods of time and provided data on the proximal outcome, which was the number of alcoholic drinks consumed with friends or when going out. After the planning intervention, the number of alcoholic drinks consumed was approximately one standard drink lower compared with the finding without the intervention (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS A mobile phone–delivered, just-in-time, if-then planning intervention to practice sensible drinking with friends or when going out is effective in reducing alcohol consumption among adolescents who report recent binge drinking. Based on the relatively low percentage of participants with self-reported receptivity for the planning intervention, measures to increase the population impact of similar planning interventions should be implemented and tested in future trials. CLINICALTRIAL ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN52150713; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN52150713

scholarly journals Associations Between Alcohol Policies and Adolescent Alcohol Use: A Pooled Analysis of GSHS and ESPAD Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K Noel
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Drinking Status

Abstract Aims Alcohol-attributable harm remains high worldwide, and alcohol use among adolescents is particularly concerning. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of national alcohol control policies on adolescent alcohol use in low-, middle- and high-income countries and improve on previous cross-national attempts to estimate the impact of alcohol policy on this population. Methods Data on adolescent (n = 277,110) alcohol consumption from 84 countries were pooled from the Global School-based Health Survey and the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Alcohol use measures included lifetime alcohol use, current (past 30 days) alcohol use and current (past 30 days) binge drinking. Information on national alcohol control policies was obtained from the World Health Organization’s Global Information System on Alcohol and Health and scored for effectiveness. Main effects were estimated using two-level, random intercept hierarchical linear models, and the models were adjusted for sex and age of the participants, and pattern of drinking score, gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity and study at the country level. Results Availability (OR [95% CI] = 0.991 [0.983, 0.999]), marketing (OR [95% CI] = 0.994 [0.988, 1.000]) and pricing (OR [95% CI] = 0.955 [0.918, 0.993]) policies were inversely associated with lifetime drinking status. Pricing policies were also inversely associated with current binge drinking status among current drinkers (OR [95% CI] = 0.939 [0.894, 0.986]). There were no associations between the included alcohol policies and current drinking status. Conclusions Strong availability, marketing and pricing policies can significantly and practically impact adolescent alcohol consumption.

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