Seismic Fragility of Suspended Ceiling Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiram Badillo-Almaraz ◽  
Andrew S. Whittaker ◽  
Andrei M. Reinhorn
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Damage States

Full-scale dynamic testing of suspended ceiling systems was performed to obtain fragility data suitable for performance-based assessment and design. On the basis of the fragility data derived from testing, (1) the use of retainer clips improves the performance of ceiling systems in terms of loss of tiles, (2) including recycled cross tees in the suspension grid increases the vulnerability of the ceiling systems, (3) undersized (poorly fitting) tiles are substantially more vulnerable than properly fitted tiles, and (4) the use of compression posts improves the seismic performance of ceiling systems for the limit states of minor and moderate damage. Fragility curves are provided for four damage states.

scholarly journals Lateral Seismic Fragility Assessment of Cable-Stayed Bridge with Diamond-Shaped Concrete Pylons

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Jianbin Lu ◽  
Zhengan Zhou ◽  
Xueyuan Yan ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Probabilistic Estimation ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Damage Probability ◽  
Damage States ◽  
The Finite Element Model

The cable-stayed bridge with diamond-shaped pylons is one of the most popular bridges because of its obvious advantages such as aesthetical appearance and smaller foundation. However, the diamond-shaped pylons have both inward and outward inclinations, which may result in complicated seismic behavior when subjected to lateral earthquake excitations. To end this, the finite element model of a cable-stayed bridge with diamond concrete pylon is developed firstly. Four limit states and corresponding damage index are defined for each critical section. Finally, the lateral seismic fragility of the components and system of CSB was carried out. Based on the result of probabilistic estimation of lateral seismic responses, the order of the damage probability in all four damage states for each component of bridge is given. The fragility curves of bridge system on the lower bound and upper bound are studied. Moreover, the system fragility of the entire bridge is compared with that of each component.

Seismic fragility models of a bridge system based on copula method

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110525
Author(s):  
Libo Chen ◽  
Caigui Huang ◽  
Haiqiang Chen ◽  
Zhenfeng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Marginal Distribution ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Copula Models ◽  
Bridge System

Seismic fragility assessment widely uses a probabilistic measure for assessing the seismic performance of structural components or systems. This article proposes a copula-based seismic fragility (CBSF) method to derive the system-level damage probabilities of reinforced concrete bridges and to consider the correlation among seismic demands of components. First, the marginal distribution functions of the random variables are calibrated, and three Archimedean copula models are considered. Subsequently, the relevant parameters of the copula models are estimated using the semi-parametric maximum likelihood method. Next, the damage probabilities of a bridge system are calculated based on the joint distribution model with the most suitable copula model and the calibrated marginal distribution functions. Finally, the CBSF method is used to estimate the damage probability of a simply supported box girder bridge. The performance of the CBSF method is validated by a comparison of fragility curves obtained using the CBSF method and the probabilistic seismic demand analysis (PSDA) method. The comparative results demonstrate that the fragility curves obtained by the CBSF method are better than those obtained using the PSDA method. The proposed CBSF model can serve as a tool for assessing the seismic performance of structures and estimating the economic loss of existing bridge systems.

Simulated Seismic Laboratory Load Testing of Full-Scale Buildings

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder Seible ◽  
Gilbert Hegemier ◽  
Akira Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Reinforced Masonry

Full-scale building systems have been tested to-date in Japan, the United States, and Europe under controlled laboratory conditions with simulated seismic loads, to determine behavior and design limit states and to calibrate predictive analytical and design models. Seismic load simulation for these tests consisted of increasing cyclic load/deformation patterns with predetermined load distribution or, where possible, of loading patterns derived experimentally from the measured building response in conjunction with updated displacement time-histories through pseudo-dynamic testing. Difficulties in the pseudo-dynamic testing of stiff multi-story buildings due to the tight coupling between individual actuators, stability problems with the numerical integration alorithms, measurement errors and error growth, as well as the control of undesirable torsional modes, were addressed with innovations in the testing hardware and in the actuator control alorithms in the first US full-scale building test of a 5-story reinforced masonry building.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation into the seismic fragility of a commercial glazing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiscus Arifin ◽  
Timothy Sullivan ◽  
Rajesh Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

Good seismic performance of glazing systems is essential to maintaining building functionality and limiting repair costs in a post-earthquake scenario. This paper reports on experimental research into the seismic performance of a standard commercial glazing system used in New Zealand. The focus of the research is to provide information not only on the life-safety performance of glazing but also on the serviceability of glazing systems, considering post-earthquake weather-tightness. This paper first describes the experimental testing set-up developed at the University of Canterbury to achieve this, then details the damage observed and finally, fragility functions for different damage states are reported. Leakage of the glazing is seen to initiate at a median storey drift demand of only 0.35%, whereas glass breakage did not occur until a median drift storey demand of 5.0%. The results obtained from this research demonstrate that the life-safety risk posed by modern commercial glazing in earthquakes will typically be low but the serviceability performance, and in particular weather-tightness post-earthquake, should be improved.

scholarly journals Seismic Fragility Assessment of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Bakalis ◽  
Dimitrios Vamvatsikos ◽  
Michalis Fragiadakis
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Buckling Failure

A seismic fragility assessment procedure is developed for atmospheric steel liquid storage tanks. Appropriate system and component-level damage states are defined by identifying the failure modes that may occur during a strong ground motion. Special attention is paid to the elephant’s foot buckling failure mode, where the estimation of the associated capacity and demand requires thorough consideration within a probabilistic framework. A novel damage state is introduced to existing procedures with respect to the uncontrollable loss of containment scenario. Fragility curves are estimated by introducing both aleatory and epistemic sources of uncertainty, thus providing a comprehensive methodology for the seismic risk assessment of liquid storage tanks. The importance of dynamic buckling is acknowledged and the issue of non-sequential damage states is finally revealed.

scholarly journals Incremental Explosive Analysis and Its Application to Performance-Based Assessment of Stiffened and Unstiffened Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Underwater Explosion

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Masoud Biglarkhani ◽  
Keyvan Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Underwater Explosion ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Buckling Modes ◽  
Damage Probability ◽  
Performance Based Assessment

Incremental explosive analysis (IEA) is addressed as an applicable method for performance-based assessment of stiffened and unstiffened cylindrical shells subjected to underwater explosion (UNDEX) loading. In fact, this method is inspired by the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) which is a known parametric analysis method in the field of earthquake engineering. This paper aims to introduce the application of IEA approach in UNDEX in order to estimate different limit states and deterministic assessment of cylindrical shells, considering the uncertainty of loading conditions. The local, bay, and general buckling modes are defined as limit states for performance calculation. Different standoff distances and depth parameters combining several loading conditions are considered. The explosive loading intensity is specified and scaled in several levels to force the structure through the entire range of its behavior. The results are plotted in terms of a damage measure (DM) versus selected intensity measure (IM). The statistical treatment of the obtained multi-IEA curves is performed to summarize the results in a predictive mode. Finally, the fragility curves as damage probability indicators of shells in UNDEX loading are extracted. Results show that the IEA is a promising method for performance-based assessment of cylindrical shells subjected to UNDEX loading.

scholarly journals Seismic Performance Evaluation of Boil-Off Gas Compressor in LNG Terminal

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Sang Park ◽  
Tae-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Time History ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Seismic Performance Evaluation ◽  
Strength Limit ◽  
Anchor Bolts

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, one of the lifeline facilities, need to be protected by a proper seismic design against extreme earthquakes. An LNG terminal consists of a series of process facilities that are connected by pipelines of various sizes. Boil-off gas (BOG) compressor is one of the critical process facilities whose failure will cause the functional failure of the LNG terminal. Process facilities, including BOG compressor, other than LNG storage tanks and pipes, have not been a major concern in terms of the seismic performance evaluation. In this study, the seismic performance of a BOG compressor is evaluated and the seismic fragility functions are presented. An integrated system of a BOG compressor is modeled by a 3 dimensional finite element modeling scheme. A series of time history analyses are conducted to monitor the behavior of anchor bolts, one of the most critical elements in the BOG compressor. To develop fragility curves, a set of 20 ground motions are selected from a database of the historic earthquake accelerations. Fragility curves are developed based on the maximum likelihood estimation approach with respect to the strength limit states. When an earthquake load is applied to the BOG compressor, the main motor is likely to overturn and the flywheel is likely to slide, and, consequently, anchor bolts will be subjected to tension and shear force, respectively. It is concluded that the BOG compressor is safe against the design level earthquake

scholarly journals Nonlinear dynamic analysis and seismic fragility assessment of a corrosion damaged integral bridge

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairéad Ni Choine ◽  
Mehdi Kashani ◽  
Laura N Lowes ◽  
Alan O'Connor ◽  
Adam J Crewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Integral Bridge ◽  
Chloride Induced Corrosion ◽  
Damage States ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In this paper the impact of corrosion of reinforcing steel in RC columns on the seismic performance of a multi-span concrete integral bridge is explored. A new constitutive model for corroded reinforcing steel is used. This model simulates the buckling of longitudinal reinforcement under cyclic loading and the impact of corrosion on buckling strength. Cover concrete strength is adjusted to account for corrosion induced damage and core concrete strength and ductility is adjusted to account for corrosion induced damage to transverse reinforcement. This study evaluates the impact which chloride induced corrosion of the reinforced concrete columns on the seismic fragility of the bridge. Fragility curves are developed at a various time intervals over the lifetime. The results of this study show that the bridge fragility increases significantly with corrosion. Design/methodology/approach This paper firstly evaluates the impact which chloride induced corrosion of the columns has on bridge fragility. Finally, fragility curves are developed at various time intervals over the lifetime of the bridge. The results of this study show that the bridge fragility increases significantly with corrosion. Findings 1) It was found that columns dominate the system fragility at all levels of deterioration. Therefore, it highlights the importance of good column design in terms of both seismic detailing and durability for this integral bridge type. 2) In terms of foundation settlement coupled with corrosion, it was found that settlements on the order of the discrete levels adopted for this study increased the system fragility at the slight, moderate and extensive damage states but their impact at the complete damage states is negligible. 3) Ageing considerations are currently neglected in widespread regional risk assessment and loss estimation packages for transport infrastructure. The result of this study provides a methodology that enables bridge managers and owners to employ in seismic risk assessment of existing aging bridges. Originality/value The modelling technician developed in this paper considers the impact of detailed corrosion damaged of RC column on nonlinear dynamic response and fragility of a corroded integral bridge under earthquake loading. The current modelling technique is the most comprehensive 3D fibre element model for seismic analysis and risk assessment of corroded bridges.

Seismic fragility assessment of bridge piers incorporating high-strength steel reinforcement and concrete under near-fault ground motions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Aldabagh ◽  
Saqib Khan ◽  
M. Shahria Alam
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Time History ◽  
Inelastic Strain ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Damage States

Design codes in the United States and Canada limit the use of high-strength steel (HSS) and high-strength concrete (HSC) to bridge components that are expected to remain elastic during a seismic event. Although HSS and HSC have higher tensile and compressive strengths, respectively, their lower inelastic strain capacities impose for such restrictions. To assess the seismic performance of HSS and HSC, the pier of an existing bridge is redesigned using concrete compressive strength of 50 and 80 MPa, and reinforcement yield strength of 420, 690, and 830 MPa. Static pushover and nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses were performed to generate force-deformation and seismic fragility curves. Bridge piers incorporating HSS and HSC attained the maximum load capacity yet were the least ductile. They were less seismically vulnerable than those incorporating conventional materials at minimal and repairable damage states, but not at extensive and probable replacement damage states.

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