scholarly journals Interleukin 6 reduces allopregnanolone synthesis in the brain and contributes to age-related cognitive decline in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1319
Author(s):  
Eileen E. Parks ◽  
Sreemathi Logan ◽  
Alexander Yeganeh ◽  
Julie A. Farley ◽  
Daniel B. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive decline with age is a harmful process that can reduce quality of life. Multiple factors have been established to contribute to cognitive decline, but the overall etiology remains unknown. Here, we hypothesized that cognitive dysfunction is mediated, in part, by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines that alter allopregnanolone (AlloP) levels, an important neurosteroid in the brain. We assessed the levels and regulation of AlloP and the effects of AlloP supplementation on cognitive function in 4-month-old and 24-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. With age, the expression of enzymes involved in the AlloP synthetic pathway was decreased and corticosterone (CORT) synthesis increased. Supplementation of AlloP improved cognitive function. Interestingly, interleukin 6 (IL-6) infusion in young animals significantly reduced the production of AlloP compared with controls. It is notable that inhibition of IL-6 with its natural inhibitor, soluble membrane glycoprotein 130, significantly improved spatial memory in aged mice. These findings were supported by in vitro experiments in primary murine astrocyte cultures, indicating that IL-6 decreases production of AlloP and increases CORT levels. Our results indicate that age-related increases in IL-6 levels reduce progesterone substrate availability, resulting in a decline in AlloP levels and an increase in CORT. Furthermore, our results indicate that AlloP is a critical link between inflammatory cytokines and the age-related decline in cognitive function.

scholarly journals Association between plasma phospho-tau181 and cognitive change from age 73 to 82: Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler S Saunders ◽  
Amanda Heslegrave ◽  
Declan King ◽  
Sarah Harris ◽  
Craig W Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Blood Biomarker ◽  
Array Tomography ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort ◽  
Synapse Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Brain

INTRODUCTION: Plasma phospho-tau 181 (p-tau181) is a promising blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. However, its predictive validity for age-related cognitive decline without dementia remains unclear. Several forms of p-tau have been shown to contribute to synapse degeneration, but it is unknown whether p-tau181 is present in synapses. Here, we tested whether plasma p-tau181predicts cognitive decline and whether it is present in synapses in human brain. METHODS: General cognitive ability and plasma p-tau181 concentration were measured in 195 participants at ages 72 and 82. Levels of p-tau181 in total homogenate and synaptic fractions were compared with western blot (n=10-12 per group), and synaptic localisation was examined using array tomography. RESULTS: Elevated baseline plasma p-tau181 and increasing p-tau181 over time predicted steeper general cognitive decline. We observe p-tau181 in neurites, presynapses, and post-synapses in the brain. DISCUSSION: Baseline and subsequent change in plasma p-tau181 may represent rare biomarkers of differences in cognitive ageing across the 8th decade of life and may play a role in synaptic function in the brain.

scholarly journals CogEvo, a cognitive function balancer, is a sensitive and easy psychiatric test battery for age‐related cognitive decline

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanobu Ichii ◽  
Takumi Nakamura ◽  
Takeshi Kawarabayashi ◽  
Masamitsu Takatama ◽  
Tetsuya Ohgami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Food Components on Cognitive Functions in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2804
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ozawa ◽  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Teruo Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Population aging has recently been an important issue as the number of elderly people is growing worldwide every year, and the extension of social security costs is financially costly. The increase in the number of elderly people with cognitive decline is a serious problem related to the aging of populations. Therefore, it is necessary to consider not only physical care but also cognitive patterns in the future care of older adults. Since food contains a variety of bioactive substances, dietary patterns may help improve age-related cognitive decline. However, the relationship between cognitive function and individual food components remains ambiguous as no clear efficacy or mechanism has been confirmed. Against this background, this review summarizes previous reports on the biological process of cognitive decline in the elderly and the relationship between individual compounds in foods and cognitive function, as well as the role of individual components of food in cognitive function, in the following order: lipids, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Based on the research presented in this review, a proper diet that preserves cognitive function has the potential to improve age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Hopefully, this review will help to trigger the development of new foods and technologies that improve aging and cognitive functions and extend the healthy life span.

Preserved cognition and reduced age-related cognitive decline during treatment with angiotensin II receptor blockers: A 20-year follow-up study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S372-S372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wincewicz ◽  
T. Tolmunen ◽  
A.K. Brem ◽  
J. Kauhanen ◽  
S. Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionModulators of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been shown to improve cognitive functioning in several animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, the brain RAS has been considered a new target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there are no population-based follow-up studies supporting this hypothesis.ObjectivesCross-sectional and prospective relationships between cognitive decline and ARB treatment were examined in the population-based Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.AimsTo evaluate procognitive/antidementia capacity of orally delivered angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB).MethodsThe study was conducted on a sample of 1774 subjects (920 females, 854 males; age range at baseline: 42–61 years) from Eastern Finland. An established cutoff score of at least 2-point decrease in the Mini Mental State Examination over a 9-year follow-up was used to detect age-related cognitive decline in the cross-sectional setting. In the prospective setting, a hospital discharge diagnosis of dementia/AD was used as outcome variable. Cross-sectional relationships were determined with logistic regression and prospective analyses were conducted with the Cox proportional hazards model (both adjusted for relevant background variables).ResultsCross-sectional analysis displayed a decrease of the odds of cognitive decline (n = 87; 4.9% of participants) in those with ARB treatment; OR = 0.445, 95% CI: 0.22–0.90, P = 0.024. Furthermore, in the prospective setting, the risk of dementia/AD diagnosis (n = 149; 8.4% of participants) was significantly reduced in ARB treated participants; HR = 0.621, 95% CI: 0.40–0.98, P = 0.038.ConclusionsARB treatment is associated with a decreased risk for age-related cognitive decline and dementia/AD manifestation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Association Between High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin, Ghrelin and Leptin and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Results From Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Merel van Andel ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
Nicole C Korten ◽  
Hannie C Comijs ◽  
Annemieke C Heijboer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Model Composite ◽  
Hmw Adiponectin ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Abstract Background Age-related cognitive decline has large-scale functional and economic consequences and understanding its’ pathophysiological mechanisms is therefore essential. Previous research has suggested associations between hormones adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and neurodegenerative disease. However, their association with age-related cognitive decline has not been fully described. We examine the association between serum high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and age-related cognitive decline in older adults. Methods The associations between HMW adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and the Mini-Mental-State-Examination, Coding task (Coding), 15 Words Test (15WT) and composite Z-score (general cognitive function) were analyzed by means of a sex-stratified multivariable linear regression analysis in a population-based cohort of 898 older adults at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up. Results In women, we found a positive association between HMW adiponectin and general cognitive function at baseline (fully adjusted model composite Z-score standardized regression co-efficient beta [β] = .089, p = .025). After 3 years of follow-up, HMW adiponectin was associated with more decline in general cognitive function and information processing speed (fully adjusted model composite Z-score β = −.123, p = .018; Coding β = −.116, p = .027). Ghrelin and leptin were significantly associated with memory in a baseline subgroup analysis of older women. For men, we found no significant associations at baseline or follow-up. Conclusion Our results show variable associations between hormones HMW adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and age-related cognitive decline in women but not in men. As there was no clear trend, all our results should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Preservation of Cognitive Function byLepidium meyenii(Maca) Is Associated with Improvement of Mitochondrial Activity and Upregulation of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Middle-Aged Mouse Cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Guo ◽  
Xiao-Fang Gao ◽  
Yan-Rong Gu ◽  
Zhong-Xiao Wan ◽  
A-Ming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mouse Cortex ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Maca has been used as a foodstuff and a traditional medicine in the Andean region for over 2,000 years. Recently the neuroprotective effects of maca also arouse interest of researchers. Decrease in mitochondrial function and decline in autophagy signaling may participate in the process of age-related cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate if maca could improve cognitive function of middle-aged mice and if this effect was associated with improvement of mitochondrial activity and modulation of autophagy signaling in mouse cortex. Fourteen-month-old male ICR mice received maca powder administered by gavage for five weeks. Maca improved cognitive function, motor coordination, and endurance capacity in middle-aged mice, accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiratory function and upregulation of autophagy-related proteins in cortex. Our findings suggest that maca is a newly defined nutritional plant which can improve mitochondrial function and upregulate autophagy-related proteins and may be an effective functional food for slowing down age-related cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Palm Fruit Bioactive Complex (PFBc), a Source of Polyphenols, Demonstrates Potential Benefits for Inflammaging and Related Cognitive Function

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Susan J. Hewlings ◽  
Kristin Draayer ◽  
Douglas S. Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cognitive function is a key aspect of healthy aging. Inflammation associated with normal aging, also called inflammaging is a primary risk factor for cognitive decline. A diet high in fruits and vegetable and lower in calories, particularly a Mediterranean Diet, may lower the risk of age-related cognitive decline due in part to the associated high intake of antioxidants and polyphenols. A phenolic, Palm Fruit Bioactive complex (PFBc) derived from the extraction process of palm oil from oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis), is reported to offset inflammation due to its high antioxidant, especially vitamin E, and polyphenol content. The benefit is thought to be achieved via the influence of antioxidants on gene expression. It is the purpose of this comprehensive review to discuss the etiology, including gene expression, of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) specific to dietary intake of antioxidants and polyphenols and to focus on the potential impact of nutritional interventions specifically PFBc has on MCI. Several in vitro, in vivo and animal studies support multiple benefits of PFBc especially for improving cognitive function via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. While more human studies are needed, those completed thus far support the benefit of consuming PFBc to enhance cognitive function via its anti-inflammatory antioxidant functions.

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