scholarly journals Clinical Implications of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancers

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 2606-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Fakhry ◽  
Maura L. Gillison
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized to play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), particularly those that arise from the lingual and palatine tonsils within the oropharynx. High-risk HPV16 is identified in the overwhelming majority of HPV-positive tumors, which have molecular-genetic alterations indicative of viral oncogene function. Measures of HPV exposure, including sexual behaviors, seropositivity to HPV16, and oral, high-risk HPV infection, are associated with increased risk for oropharyngeal cancer. HPV infection may be altering the demographics of HNSCC patients, as these patients tend to be younger, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that a diagnosis of HPV-positive HNSCC has significant prognostic implications; these patients have at least half the risk of death from HNSCC when compared with the HPV-negative patient. The HPV etiology of these tumors may have future clinical implications for the diagnosis, therapy, screening, and prevention of HNSCC.

Prevalence and Genotype distribution of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Different Anatomical Sites among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farahmand ◽  
Seyed Hamidreza Monavari ◽  
Ahmad Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background: Homosexual men or men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection because of their high-risk sexual behaviors. In this large study, a meta-analytic approach was used to systematically analyze the literature to elucidate the prevalence and genotype distribution of anal, penile, oral, and urethral HPV infection among MSM in the world.Methods: To carry out this systematic review, five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published from January 2012 through to November 2019, and pertinent data were collected from the eligible articles. The pooled HPV prevalences were calculated for each anatomical region using random-effect model weighted by the inverse variance method. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta.Results: The overall pooled prevalence of anal, penile, oral, and urethral HPV infection among MSM were 78.11 % (95% CI: 75.50%-80.52%), 36.26% (95% CI: 29.13%–44.05%), 17.33% (95% CI: 13.65%–21.75%), and 15.40% (95% CI: 7.86%–27.97%), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that the prevalences of HPV were significantly higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative MSM. The most frequent HPV high-risk type detected in the anus, penis, and oral cavity was HPV-16 (20.32%, 4.96%, and 3.16%, respectively). Conclusion: HPV infection is on the dramatic rise in MSM because of high-risk sexual behaviors, strongly suggesting the increased risk of developing HPV-related diseases and malignancies in this population. Among different sexual orientations, male homosexuality is associated with the highest risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections.

Association of Cystic Neck Metastases and Human Papillomavirus–Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
pp. 1798-1803
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Neck Metastases

Abstract Human papillomavirus is an established cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Similar to cervical cancer, these cancers are usually caused by high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 and are associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. Human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma typically affects the palatine and lingual tonsils and frequently results in cystic neck metastases. The histopathology of this subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is unique and typically characterized by poorly differentiated, nonkeratinizing morphology with a basaloid appearance. These tumors occur in younger patients and are more often seen in nonsmokers compared with conventional oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The incidence of human papillomavirus–associated squamous cell carcinoma is increasing. Recognition of this unique clinicopathologic subset of head and neck carcinoma is important because these patients typically respond more favorably to organ-sparing treatment modalities and have an improved prognosis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cocaine Use and Human Papillomavirus Infections in HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Minkoff ◽  
Ye Zhong ◽  
Howard D. Strickler ◽  
D. Heather Watts ◽  
Joel M. Palefsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

Objective. Animal data suggest that cocaine has an immunosuppressive effect, but no human studies have been conducted to assess the relation of cocaine use with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the viral cause of cervical cancer. Since both cocaine use and HPV infection are common among HIV-positive women, we sought to determine whether use of cocaine and/or crack influences the natural history of HPV among women with or at high risk of HIV.Methods. Women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (2278 HIV-seropositive and 826 high-risk seronegative women) were examined every six months for up to 9.5 years with Pap smear, collection of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples, and detailed questionnaires regarding health and behavior, including use of crack and cocaine (crack/cocaine). CVLs were tested for HPV DNA by PCR, with genotyping for over forty HPV types.Results. In multivariate logistic regression models, censoring women treated for cervical neoplasia, crack/cocaine use within the last six months was associated with prevalent detection of oncogenic HPV DNA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30 (1.09–1.55)), and with oncogenic HPV-positive squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) (OR = 1.70 (1.27–2.27)), following adjustment for age, race, HIV-serostatus, and CD4+ T-cell count, the number of sexual partners in the past six months, and smoking. In multivariate Cox models crack/cocaine use was also associated with a trend that approached significance in regard to incident detection of oncogenic HPV-positive SIL (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.99–2.30), and while the rate of oncogenic HPV clearance was not related to cocaine use, the clearance of any SIL was significantly lower in those with versus those without recent crack/cocaine use (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.97).Conclusions. Cocaine use is associated with an increased risk of detection of both prevalent and incident oncogenic HPV infection, as well as an increased risk of HPV-positive SIL over time.

scholarly journals Differences in Factors Associated With High- and Low-Risk Oral Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Bettampadi ◽  
Brittney Dickey ◽  
Martha Abrahamsen ◽  
Bradley Sirak ◽  
Maria Luiza Baggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes oral warts and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Human papillomavirus-attributable OPC incidence among men is significantly increasing worldwide, yet few studies have reported oral HPV across multiple countries or examined factors associated with low- and high-risk HPV separately. Methods Oral gargles from 3095 men in the multinational HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study were HPV genotyped. Multivariable models assessed factors independently associated with high-risk and low-risk HPV prevalence. Results The prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV was 6.0% and 2.8%, respectively. Greater number of sexual partners was only associated with high-risk HPV (1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–2.90) prevalence. In multivariable models, residing in Mexico (1.66; 95% CI, 1.15–2.40) and smoking (1.66; 95% CI, 1.13–2.44) were significantly associated with high-risk HPV, and history of consistent gum bleeding (2.16; 95% CI, 1.35–3.45) was significantly associated with low-risk HPV. Gender of the sexual partner did not alter the results for either high- or low-risk HPV endpoints. Conclusions Different factors were independently associated with high- and low-risk oral HPV. Oral sexual behaviors were associated with high-risk HPV, and oral health was associated with low-risk HPV. High-risk HPV prevalence differed by country of residence, highlighting the need for additional studies in multiple countries.

The effects of an educational program based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on high-risk sexual behaviors among patients with human papillomavirus infection: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Pourgholamamiji ◽  
Hooman Shahsavari ◽  
Arpi Manookian ◽  
Tahereh Soori ◽  
Maryam zandkarimkhani
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health problem in all countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease in both genders. High-risk sexual behaviors (HRSBs) are among the major risk factors for HPV infection. Lack of knowledge can contribute to HRSBs and hence, education can potentially reduce HRSB risk. This study evaluated the effects of an educational program based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on HRSBs among patients with HPV. Methods: This two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2017-2018. The educational program was developed based on the results of a survey into the most important components of the Theory of Reasoned Action contributing to HRSBs among 100 patients recruited from Razi hospital, Tehran, Iran. Then, 110 patients from the same hospital were consecutively recruited and randomly allocated to a control (n = 55) and an intervention (n = 55) group and all of them completed a demographic questionnaire and the Sexual Risk Scale. Then, each participant in the intervention group was provided with the developed educational program which consisted of two face-to-face educational sessions in the first and the thirtieth days of the intervention, an educational booklet, and biweekly follow-up telephone contacts. Their counterparts in the control group solely received routine care services. Three months after the first educational session, HRSBs were reassessed in both groups. Results: There were no significant between-group differences respecting participants’ baseline characteristics and mean score of HRSBs (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of HRSBs significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001) but did not significantly change in the control group (P = 0.70). The posttest mean score of HRSBs in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Education based on the Theory of Reasoned Action is effective in significantly reducing HRSBs among patients with HPV infection. Nurses can develop and use educational interventions based on this theory to reduce HRSBs and HPV infection. Trial registration: IRCT2016121831453N1 (8 Oct 2017) Keywords: Theory of Reasoned Action, High-risk sexual behaviors, Human papillomavirus

scholarly journals Oral human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM: the OHMAR prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Giuliani ◽  
Francesca Rollo ◽  
Maria Fenicia Vescio ◽  
Barbara Pichi ◽  
Alessandra Latini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Oral Hpv

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess incidence and clearance of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the respective risk factors in HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsOral rinse and gargles were collected semiannually from 244 MSM (103, 42.2% HIV-infected). HPV-DNA testing was performed with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping test. A Markov model was used for estimation of incidence, clearance and risk factor analysis.ResultsIncidence rates for any HPV were 21.2 and 15.0×1000 person-months in HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, respectively. The respective figures for high-risk HPVs were 10.7 and 6.5×1000 person-months. The clearance rate was 4–12 times higher than the respective incidence rate. HIV-infected MSM with >95 lifetime oral sex partners showed increased incidence of any HPV (adjusted HR, aHR: 8.46, 95% CI 1.89 to 37.92). Condomless oral sex appeared the strongest predictor for incident infection by high-risk HPVs in this group (aHR: 13.40, 95% CI 2.55 to 70.53). Those aged >46 years (aHR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.74) and those with nadir CD4+ T count of <200 cells/mm3 (aHR: 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.75) displayed a significantly reduced clearance of any and high-risk HPVs, respectively. HIV-uninfected MSM aged >46 years had increased risk of acquiring any HPV (aHR: 3.70, 95% CI 1.30 to 10.52) and high-risk HPV (aHR: 5.33, 95% CI 1.06 to 26.68). Any HPV clearance declined in those with more than six recent oral sex partners (aHR: 0.18, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.65).ConclusionsAcquisition of oral HPV infection in MSM seems to occur rarely, whereas clearance seems to be a frequent event. Oral HPV natural history in these at-risk subjects is differently influenced by age and sex behaviour, depending on HIV status.

scholarly journals Influence of Human Papillomavirus Infection on the Natural History of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhu Liu ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoju Li ◽  
Shugang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Objective. To provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1). This study evaluated the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the natural history of CIN1. Methods. Electronic databases of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang were searched in April 2016. The eligibility criteria were documented by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) to assess study quality. Results. Thirty-eight studies out of 3,246 identified papers were eligible for inclusion. The risk of CIN1 progression (relative risk [RR]: 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41–3.83; P<0.00001) and persistence (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17–1.87; P=0.001) was higher in the HPV-positive group than HPV-negative group. Specifically, the risk of CIN1 progression (RR: 13.91; 95% CI: 3.46–55.90; P=0.000) was higher among persistent high-risk HPV-positive patients and the ratio of CIN1 regression (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.59–0.71; P<0.00001) was lower in the HPV-positive group than HPV-negative group. Conclusion. HPV infection resulted in an increased risk of CIN1 progression and decreased disease reversibility. Persistent high-risk HPV infection resulted in a further increased risk of CIN1 progression.

scholarly journals The Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Oncoprotein Activates the Fanconi Anemia (FA) Pathway and Causes Accelerated Chromosomal Instability in FA Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 13265-13270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Spardy ◽  
Anette Duensing ◽  
Domonique Charles ◽  
Nathan Haines ◽  
Tomomi Nakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Fanconi Anemia ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
E7 Oncoprotein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Frequent Event

ABSTRACT Fanconi anemia (FA) patients have an increased risk for squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) at sites of predilection for infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, including the oral cavity and the anogenital tract. We show here that activation of the FA pathway is a frequent event in cervical SCCs. We found that FA pathway activation is triggered mainly by the HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E7 oncoprotein and is associated with an enhanced formation of large FANCD2 foci and recruitment of FANCD2 as well as FANCD1/BRCA2 to chromatin. Episomal expression of HPV-16 oncoproteins was sufficient to activate the FA pathway. Importantly, the expression of HPV-16 E7 in FA-deficient cells led to accelerated chromosomal instability. Taken together, our findings establish the FA pathway as an early host cell response to high-risk HPV infection and may help to explain the greatly enhanced susceptibility of FA patients to squamous cell carcinogenesis at anatomic sites that are frequently infected by high-risk HPVs.

Head and neck cancer

2016 ◽  
pp. 329-364
Author(s):  
Christine H. Chung ◽  
Andreas Dietz ◽  
Vincent Gregoire ◽  
Marco Guzzo ◽  
Marc Hamoir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Genomic Analyses

This chapter discusses head and neck cancers, and covers the epidemiology and molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous disease and most commonly caused by tobacco and alcohol use, as well as high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV-negative and -positive HNSCC are demographically, biologically and clinically distinct entities with more favourable outcomes associated with HPV-positive tumours of the oropharynx. Comprehensive genomic analyses show that more functional loss of tumour suppressors are present in HPV-negative tumours compared to HPV-positive tumours. Furthermore, HNSCC can be molecularly characterized into five subtypes. The challenges facing future investigations are efficient translation of these biological findings into clinically meaningful advancements in patient treatment.

scholarly journals Family History of Head and Neck Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4115
Author(s):  
Xinjun Li ◽  
Anni I. Koskinen ◽  
Otto Hemminki ◽  
Asta Försti ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) encompass a heterogeneous group of cancers between the mouth and larynx. Familial clustering in HNCs has been described, but how it influences individual sites and to which extent known risk factors, such as human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, may contribute is not well established. Patients/methods: We employed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to estimate familial risks for HNC with same (concordant) and different (discordant) cancers among first-degree relatives using data from the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1958 to 2018. Results: Incidence for male and female oropharyngeal cancer increased close to four-fold in the past 39 years. Familial HNC was found in 3.4% of the study population, with an overall familial SIR of 1.78. Patients with concordant nasopharyngeal cancer showed a high risk of 23.97, followed by hypopharyngeal cancer (5.43). The husbands of wives with cervical cancer had an increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer. Discussion/Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal cancers lacked associations with lifestyle or HPV associated cancers, suggesting a role for germline genetics, which was also true for the high-risk families of three HNC patients. In the Swedish population with low smoking levels, HPV is becoming a dominant risk factor, emphasizing the need for sexual hygiene and HPV vaccination.

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