Pattern of head and neck cancers in a Nigerian tertiary health center: A 10-year review

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17054-e17054
Author(s):  
S. Alabi ◽  
G. Rahman ◽  
K. Badmos
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histological Types

e17054 Background: Cancer is a rising health problem worldwide, Nigeria inclusive. A variety of different tumour types may arise at a host of sites within the head and neck region. This 10-year review is to assess the various sites of primary lesion, gender and age distribution and histopathological types, so as to update data with an earlier study done in our centre between 1997–2001. Methods: This 10 year review of patients with head and neck cancers was carried out at the University of Ilorin teaching, Ilorin, North central Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2006.The hospital is one of 2 teaching hospitals in the zone of 6 constituent states out of 36 states in Nigeria, with an average population of 5 to 6 million (2003 Nigerian census). Information extracted from the case notes of patients with histological results included: Age, sex, clinical features, site of tumour, and the histological types of tumour. The International classification of disease oncology (ICDO) ninth version was used to categorize the sites of the tumour. Results: A total of 138 cases of head and cancers were seen over the 10 year period with an average occurrence of 14 cases/year, male/ female ratio of 1.1 to 1.0, age range of 1.5 years to 85 years with a mean age of 45.23 years, the peak age incidence of fifth to sixth decades of life being 47.2%.The commonest histological type was carcinoma (78.3%), then lymphomas (12.3%), blastomas (5.1%), sarcomas (4.3%). The commonest site were the nose, paranasal sinuses and ears (23.9%), eye (15.2%), nasopharynx (13%), neck (13% -metastatic unknown primary 4.3%), thyroid (12.3%), larynx (10.2%), oral cavity and oropharynx (6.5%), salivary glands (3.6%), mandible (1.4%), and skin (0.74%). Conclusions: This result shows that head and neck cancers occur among Nigerians with no sex differentiation in their prime of life, the histological types are similar to the previous series, however the site seems to have changed with the nose and paranasal sinuses, eye, and nasopharynx being the commonest sites. The metastatic unknown primaries in the neck are much lower. The devastating effects on the individual, family and the community are enormous in a setting with late presentations at the hospital and a strong belief in traditional medicine. Emphasis on prevention of these cancers is stressed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of the Head- Neck Pathologies in a Peripheral Referral Institute

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Ghosh ◽  
Tarak Nath Saha ◽  
Indranil Sen
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction   Head and neck lesions encompass a multitude of disorders which can be broadly classified into two groups: Benign and Malignant. Overall 57.5% of global head and neck cancers comes from Asia itself and India alone constitutes 30% of it. Therefore, it is of prime essence that need based and coordinated research for understanding the threats to the nation from chronic diseases such as head and neck cancers and ways to defy such threats should gain the utmost importance. The present study attempts to present the epidemiological profile of the patients attending a peripheral referral institute of this state with head-neck pathologies and has undergone a histopathological examination of their lesions within a period of three years period (2016-18) based on the histopathological evidences. Materials and Methods The accumulated data regarding the aforesaid patients as per records of the histopathological reports available in the Department of Pathology was used as the primary material and the interrelation of different epidemiological parameters were studied using the statistical methods Results Six hundred and eighty seven cases from the head and neck region were analysed during this three-year period. Age range was from 3 years to 96 years with maximum cases in the age group of 20-29 years (16.1%). The Male: Female ratio in our study was 1.34:1 (Males 394, Females 293). In this study, 38.8% benign, 32.46% malignant, 25.32% inflammatory and 3.3% congenital cases were recorded. Maximum number of benign lesions was in the age group of 10-39 years. Malignancies were noted to be higher in ages 40 years and above. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy observed. Conclusion  Specific data obtained like this from histopathological records is helpful in evaluating patterns of head and neck lesions and augment the base line data of institute and the region.

Targeting Microenvironment of Melanoma and Head and Neck Cancers in Photodynamic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Ratkaj ◽  
Martina Mušković ◽  
Nela Malatesti
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Tumour Vasculature ◽  
Optimal Drug

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in comparison to other skin cancers, is still far less effective for melanoma, due to the strong absorbance and the role of melanin in cytoprotection. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a significant role in tumour progression, and the hypoxic TME is one of the main reasons for melanoma progression to metastasis and its resistance to PDT. Hypoxia is also a feature of solid tumours in the head and neck region that indicates a negative prognosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to individuate and describe systematically the main strategiesthe main strategies systematically in targeting the TME, especially hypoxia, in PDT against melanoma and head and neck cancers (HNC), and assess the current success in their application. Methods: PubMed, was used for searching, in MEDLINE and other databases were used for searching, for the most recent publications on PDT against melanoma and HNC in combination with the TME targeting and hypoxia. Results: In PDT for melanoma and HNC, it is very important to control hypoxia levels, and, amongst the different approaches, oxygen self-supply systems are often applied. Vascular targeting is promising, but to improve it, optimal drug-light interval, and formulation to increase the accumulation of the photosensitiser in the tumour vasculature, have to be established. On the other side, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as those interfering with VEGF signalling are somewhat less successful than expected and need to be further investigated. Conclusion: Combination The combination of PDT with immunotherapy by using multifunctional nanoparticles continues to develop and seems to be the most promising for achieving a complete and lasting antitumour effect.

scholarly journals An 8-year Pattern of Orofacial Sarcoma from the National Referral Hospital in United Republic of Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
United Republic ◽  
United Republic Of Tanzania ◽  
National Referral Hospital

ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the pattern of head and neck sarcomas among patients treated at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Background Sarcomas of the head and neck are very rare, representing only 1% of all primary tumors arising within the head and neck region and accounting for 4 to 10% of all sarcomas, with more than 50 distinct existing histologic subtypes. Materials and methods It was a retrospective study whereby histological results of the lesions arising from oral and maxillofacial region between 2008 and 2016 were analyzed. Patient's demographic data, histopathological diagnosis, and the type of sarcoma were recorded. The lesions were broadly grouped as soft and hard tissue sarcomas (HTSs). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19 computer program. Results Sarcomas accounted for 7% of all lesions occurring in orofacial region. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The age ranged from 3 to 81 years, mean age being 33 ± 16 years. The most affected age groups were of 30 to 39 followed by 20 to 29 years. Approximately half of the patients were aged below 30 years and three quarters below 40 years. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and rhabdomyosarcoma were the most common soft tissue sarcoma (STS), while osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma were the commonest HTS. Conclusion The analysis demonstrated that the head and neck sarcomas are a very rare group of neoplasm, with approximately 20 cases per year. The STSs are more common than the HTSs, while KS is the most common, followed by osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Generally, patients less than 40 years of age are the mostly affected, with a slightly higher female predominance. Clinical significance By contributing to the identification of the incidence of sarcomas at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, this study promotes scientific understanding of pattern of occurrence and underscores the necessity of early detection of sarcomas, since the affected are young individuals. How to cite this article Moshy JR, Owibingire SS, Sohal KS. An 8-year Pattern of Orofacial Sarcoma from the National Referral Hospital in United Republic of Tanzania. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):207-212.

Benign nasal schwannoma

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Donnelly ◽  
Mohammed Hussain Al-Sader ◽  
Alexander W. Blayney
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Nerve Sheath

AbstractNerve sheath tumours of the head and neck region mainly involve the eighth cranial nerve with only 4 per cent occurring in the paranasal sinuses. Only 32 cases of benign schwannomas occurring in the paranasal sinuses have been reported. We present a further case, review the current literature, and discuss the clinical details and specific histological features.

scholarly journals The role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sowkat Hossain ◽  
S M Mahbubul Alam ◽  
Sk Md Jaynul Islam ◽  
Wasim Selimul Haque ◽  
Shamoli Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Head And Neck Region

Background: Undifferentiated tumours in the head and neck region are not uncommon. They can arise from different sites like in mucosa as well as in salivary glands, soft tissues or lymph nodes. Histopathological examination plays a central role in the diagnosis but difficulties arise with some tumours which are poorlydifferentiated due to their high inter- and intra-observer variability. In those cases, immunohistochemistry has greatly assisted to diagnose the tumours that cannot be accurately identified using routine histopathological procedures. The correct histopathological diagnosis is essential especially in case of malignant tumourwhere subsequent specific therapy is required. The aim of this study was to determine the role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 35 Bangladeshi patient’s specimens of head and neck swelling were collected from two renowned laboratories in Dhaka city.These cases were diagnosed as undifferentiated tumour in histopathological examination.Standard protocol was followed for immunohistochemistry.Then primary immunohistochemical panel which included the markers for Epithelial CK (AE1/AE3),mesenchymal marker (Vimentin) and lymphoid marker (LCA) were used.The cases which were not resolved by primary immunohistochemistry panel, the second panel was applied for further sub classification (Desmin, Chromogranin, CK20, CEA, CD20, CD30, HMB45, NSE). Based on interpretation of immunohistochemical findings final diagnoses were made.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: A total of 35 undifferentiated tumorsof head-neck region were studied.The mean age was 46.3±17.6 years and male to female ratio was 4.8:1. The majority 13 (37.1%) patient had cervical lymphadenopathy, 11 (31.4%) had neck mass and 4(11.4%) had in nasal/sinonasal mass.Regarding histopathologicalcell types, round cell was 21 (60.0%), spindle cell 6 (17.1%), pleomorphic cells 6(17.1%) and epithelioid cells 2(5.7%). In initial histopathological examination, majority 25(71.4%) were undifferentiated malignant neoplasm, 8(22.8%) were metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma, 1(2.9%) was pleomorphic sarcoma and the remaining 1(2.9%) had malignant adnexal tumour. By application of immunohistochemistry, most (33, 94.3%) of the cases were resolved and the two cases remained unresolved. Among the resolved cases majority (15, 45.5%) were lymphoma, 4(12.1%) were metastatic carcinoma, 3(9.1%) were Ewing’s sarcoma and malignant melanoma were found in 3(9.1%) cases. Conclusion: This study supports that the immunohistochemical technique has a fundamental role in the investigation of undifferentiated tumour origin, to determine the correct guidance for treatment and improving the prognosis for head and neck tumour patients. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 48-53

scholarly journals Identifying Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Primary Head and Neck Cancers in a Nigerian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955491878398
Author(s):  
Adeyi A Adoga ◽  
John P Yaro ◽  
Joyce G Mugu ◽  
Chukwunonso J Mgbachi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Advanced Tumor Stage ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Advanced Tumor ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Nigerian Population

Background: The risk factors for head and neck cancers (HNC) vary in different parts of the world. Objectives: To identify the risk factors for HNC and the correlation between these factors and the involved anatomical sites. Methods: We retrieved and analyzed health records of patients that met the inclusion criteria for HNC managed at our facility in a 10-year period using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10. Results: We studied 122 patients with a male to female ratio of 2.1:1 aged 13 years to 85 years (mean = 51 years). Alcohol ( P = .02), cigarette smoking ( P = .01), and cooking wood smoke ( P = .01) were associated with advanced tumor stage. Conclusions: The strongest risk factors for HNC are alcohol, tobacco, HIV, agricultural chemicals, and cooking wood fumes in both sexes in their sixth and seventh decades.

scholarly journals Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Region: An Analysis of 171 Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Sefvan Janjua ◽  
Sana Mehmood Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Margin Status ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Malignant Skin Tumors

Objective. To analyze the pattern of presentation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and margin status for excised specimens in the head and neck region.Study Design. Retrospective cross-sectional.Duration of Study.January 2009 to December 2011.Methodology. The database of the pathology department was searched to identify records of all malignant skin tumors that underwent standard excision with margins. Out of these records, tumors with a diagnosis of BCC in the head and neck region were retrieved and separated. Age, gender, anatomic location, pattern of tumor, and margin status were noted.Results. A total of 171 cases of BCC from various sites of head and neck were retrieved. Male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1. The age ranged from 22 to 90 years. Seventy-six cases presented on right side, 79 on left, and 16 were in the midline. Most common anatomical site was the nose followed by the cheek. Nodular lesions were the most common (46.2%) followed by pigmented variety (18.7%). Margins were clear in 77 (45.1%) cases, involved in 86 (50.2%) cases, and close in 8 (4.7%) cases.Conclusion. Nose was the most common site followed by the cheek. Nodular and pigmented varieties were the most frequent and margins were involved in more than fifty percent of the cases.

scholarly journals Histopathologic Characteristics of Childhood Malignant Tumours in a Referral Medical Centre in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Bello ◽  
Sanusi Muhammad Haruna ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan ◽  
Kabir Sulaiman ◽  
Kasimu Umar Adoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Attending Physician

Background: Diseases of children in most developing countries revolve commonly around infectious disorders and malnutrition. However, other conditions including neoplastic diseases may be unassuming challenges to the attending physician. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological pattern of malignant tumours among children in a northern Nigerian tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours in children aged fifteen years and below diagnosed over a ten year period (1st January 2011- 31st December 2020). Histopathology laboratory records at the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, were reviewed and all diagnoses of malignant tumours were extracted. The findings were compared with similar studies elsewhere. Results: There were 36 children with confirmed cases of malignant tumours; 22 males and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The peak age of incidence was 11-15years. The most common childhood malignant tumours were rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Head and neck region was the commonest area of affectation. Conclusion: The most common malignant tumours in children in our setting are sarcomas and small round blue cell tumours of childhood affecting predominantly older male children with head and neck regional predilections. Malignant tumours in children though not very common, are an important aspect of paediatric disorders to the attending physician due to their high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of such can be challenging to the pathologist, especially in resource constrain environments. High index of suspicion is therefore advocated to detect the tumour in its early stage that is associated with low morbidity and mortality.

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