Colorectal tumor patterns among adolescents, emerging adults, and young adults.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 567-567
Author(s):  
Andreana Natalie Holowatyj ◽  
Mark Andrew Lewis ◽  
Stephanie Schmit ◽  
Anne C. Kirchhoff ◽  
Jane Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Program Data

567 Background: Despite overall reductions in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, this trend has shifted among young individuals. Incidence rates continue to rise in this population, yet causes remain unknown. We examined CRC tumor patterns within the adolescent, emerging adult, and young adult (AYA) population in the United States. Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data, we identified individuals aged 15 to 39 years diagnosed with CRC from 2010-2014. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between age of onset [adolescents (15-18 years), emerging adults (19-25 years) and young adults (26-29, 30-34, 35-39 years)] and CRC tumor site and sidedness. Results: We identified 4,417 AYA patients (33 adolescents; 298 emerging adults; 4,086 young adults) with CRC over the 5-year study period. The percentage of cases diagnosed with colon cancer decreased across all AYA groups compared to rectal cancer cases ( P-trend=0.03). Age group was associated with sidedness ( P-trend=0.01). Individuals aged 26 to 29 years remained more likely to be diagnosed with right-sided (Odds ratio, OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.08-1.69, P=0.009) and high-grade (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64, P=0.03) colorectal tumors compared to counterparts aged 35 to 39 years, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, stage, grade, and county-level poverty. Conclusions: CRC site and sidedness were associated with age at diagnosis within the AYA population. These data are the first to define clinical patterns of CRC among AYAs. Elucidating etiologies underlying these patterns in young-onset CRCs are needed for tailoring CRC screening/surveillance and treatment.

scholarly journals Changes in Illegal Behavior During Emerging Adulthood

10.18060/2125 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badiah Haffejee ◽  
Jamie Rae Yoder ◽  
Kimberly Bender
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Illegal Activities

Emerging adulthood marks a critical developmental juncture during which some individuals disengage from the illegal behavior of their adolescence while others continue to use substances and commit crimes. While risk factors for delinquency during adolescence are well studied, factors that influence persisting or desisting from illegal activities during emerging adulthood have not been fully explored. This mixed methods study utilizes a sample of college students aged 18-25 (N=74) and examines factors differentiating those who abstained from illegal behaviors, desisted from illegal behaviors, and persisted in illegal behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression models indicated peers offending and hours spent studying predicted desisting and peers offending predicted persisting (compared to the abstaining group). Three qualitative themes: family and peer bonds, morals and values, and fear of consequences further explained factors influencing emerging adults’ persisting and desisting choices. Implications for social work practice are explored.

scholarly journals Youth Access to School Salad Bars in the United States—2011 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna K. VanFrank ◽  
Stephen Onufrak ◽  
Diane M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Let's Move ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: To examine differences in students’ access to school salad bars across sociodemographic groups and changes in availability over time. Design: Nonexperimental. Setting: Nationally representative 2011 and 2014 YouthStyles surveys. Participants: A total of 833 (2011) and 994 (2014) US youth aged 12 to 17 years. Measures: Youth-reported availability of school salad bars. Analysis: Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess differences in school salad bar availability by sociodemographics and changes in availability from 2011 to 2014. Results: Youth-reported salad bar availability differed by age in 2011 and race/ethnicity in 2014, but not by sex, income, metropolitan residence, or region in either year. Salad bars were reported by 62% of youth in 2011 and 67% in 2014; the increase was not statistically significant ( P = .07). Significant increases from 2011 to 2014 were noted among youth aged 12 to 14 years (56%-69%; P < .01), youth of non-Hispanic other races (60%-85%; P < .01), and youth in the Midwest (58%-72%; P = .01). Conclusion: These results suggest that youth-reported access to school salad bars does not differ significantly across most sociodemographic groups. Although overall salad bar availability did not increase significantly from 2011 to 2014, some increases were observed among subgroups. Continued efforts to promote school salad bars through initiatives such as Let’s Move Salad Bars to Schools could help increase access for the nearly one-third of US youth reporting no access.

scholarly journals Cohort Trends in the Gender Distribution of Household Tasks in the United States and the Implications for Understanding Disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1748-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Sheehan ◽  
Benjamin W. Domingue ◽  
Eileen Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Household Tasks ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Retirement Study

Objectives: Measures of disability depend on health and social roles in a given environment. Yet, social roles can change over time as they have by gender. We document how engagement in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) is shifting by gender and birth cohort among older adults, and the challenges these shifts can create for population-level estimates of disability. Method: We used the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 25,047) and multinomial logistic regression models with an interaction term between gender and birth cohort to predict limitation and nonperformance relative to no difficulty conducting IADLs. Results: Nonperformance of IADLs have significantly decreased among younger cohorts. Women in younger cohorts were more likely to use a map, whereas men in younger cohorts were more likely to prepare meals and shop. Discussion: Failing to account for gender and cohort changes in IADL, performance may lead to systematic bias in estimates of population-level disability.

scholarly journals Impact of Nativity Status on Dietary Behavior and Obesity Among US Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce T. Alese ◽  
Olatunji B. Alese
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nativity Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
National Trends

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesNon-communicable diseases and chronic conditions such as obesity continue to emerge as public health crises in the United States (US) and globally. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate how U.S. immigrants compare to native-born adults regarding obesity-related behavior such as dietary intake.Subjects/MethodsThe Health Information National Trends Survey was analyzed for this study. The survey was conducted between September and December 2013. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized for covariates of interest.Results3131 respondents were included in the analysis. Mean age was 54.68 years (SD +/- 16.5) with a female preponderance (61%). Majority were native-born (83%). About 25% of the immigrants were obese, compared to 34% of non-immigrants. After adjusting for gender, age group, race/ethnicity, level of education, marital status and income category, immigrants were more likely to take some quantity of fruit daily (aOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.07 - 3.32; p = 0.0290); and less likely to consume soda every week (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55 - 0.98; p = 0.0383). Compared to Caucasians, Hispanics (aOR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.50 - 2.65; p <.0001) and Blacks (aOR = 2.76; 95% CI: 2.08 - 3.64; p <.0001) were more likely to consume soda on a weekly basis.ConclusionU.S. immigrants are less likely to be obese, and they have healthier dietary behavior compared to non-immigrants. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of various socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors that impact determinants of obesity.

scholarly journals The Differential Effects of Caregiving Intensity on Overnight Hospitalization in the Previous 2 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Kylie Meyer ◽  
Zachary Gassoumis ◽  
Kathleen Wilber
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
P Value ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Spousal Caregiving ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Caregiving for a spouse is considered a major stressor many Americans will encounter during their lifetimes. Although most studies indicate caregiving is associated with experiencing diminished health outcomes, little is known about how this role affects caregivers’ use of acute health services. To understand how spousal caregiving affects the use of acute health services, we use data from the Health and Retirement Study. We apply fixed effects (FE) logistic regression models to examine odds of experiencing an overnight hospitalization in the previous two years according to caregiving status, intensity, and changes in caregiving status and intensity. Models controlled for caregiver gender, age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, health insurance status, the number of household residents, and self-assessed health. Overall, caregivers were no more likely to experience an overnight hospitalization compared to non-caregivers (OR 0.92; CI 0.84 to 1.00; p-value=0.057). However, effects varied according to the intensity of caregiving and the time spent in this role. Compared to non-caregivers, for example, spouses who provided care to someone with no need for assistance with activities of daily living had lower odds of experiencing a hospitalization (OR 0.77; CI 0.66 to 0.89). In contrast, caregivers who provided care to someone with dementia for 4 to &lt;6 years had 3.29 times the odds of experiencing an overnight hospitalization (CI 1.04 to 10.38; p-value=0.042). Findings indicate that, although caregivers overall appear to use acute health services about as much as non-caregivers, large differences exist between caregivers. Results emphasize the importance of recognizing diversity within caregiving experiences.

The Association Between Problem Recognition, Race/Ethnicity, and Professional Help-Seeking Intentions Across Psychological Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110004
Author(s):  
Ayanda Chakawa ◽  
Steven K. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Problem Recognition ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Race Ethnicity

While 75% mental health problems emerge by young adulthood, there is a strong reluctance during this developmental stage to seek professional help. Although limitations in mental health literacy, such as incorrect problem recognition, may hinder professional help-seeking intentions, the relationship between these variables has been understudied among young adults in the United States (U.S.) and racial/ethnic differences in help-seeking intentions for specific disorders have not been well explored. Using a vignette-based design, the current study examines the association between psychological disorder recognition and professional help-seeking intentions among 1,585 Black/African American and White/European American young adults. Correctly identifying a psychological disorder was significantly associated with intentions to seek professional help for several disorders and race/ethnicity significantly influenced intentions to seek professional help for some disorders. Implications for ways to address unmet mental health care needs, especially among racially/ethnically diverse young adults, and directions for future research are discussed.

Chronic disruptive pain in emerging adults with and without chronic health conditions and the moderating role of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. Qadeer ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
Mark A. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drug Disorders

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been a growth in the proportion of emerging adults vulnerable to pain-related sequelae of chronic health conditions (CHCs). Given the paucity of research during this important developmental period, this study investigated the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain among emerging adults and the extent to which psychiatric disorders moderate this association.MethodsData come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH). This cross-sectional survey included 5987 participants that were 15-30 years of age and self-reported their CHCs (n = 2460,41%) and the extent to which pain impacted daily functioning using items from the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI 3). Group comparisons between respondents with CHCs and healthy controls were made using chi-square tests. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from ordinal logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Product-term interactions between CHCs and psychiatric disorders were included in the models to explore moderating effects. All analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness of the study sample to the Canadian population.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 23.5 (SE 0.1) years and 48% were female. Compared to healthy controls, a greater proportion of participants with CHCs reported having chronic pain (20.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Among those with chronic pain, respondents with CHCs reported a greater number of activities prevented because of chronic disruptive pain (χ2 = 222.28, p< 0.001). Similarly, in logistic regression models, participants with CHCs had greater odds of reporting chronic disruptive pain (OR = 4.94, 95% CI = 4.08-5.99). Alcohol (β = –0.66; p = 0.025) and drug abuse/dependence disorders (β = –1.24; p = 0.012) were found to moderate the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. Specifically, the probability of chronic disruptive pain was higher for emerging adults without CHCs and with alcohol or drug disorders; however, among participants with CHCs, probability was higher for those without these disorders.ConclusionsThere is a robust association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. The moderating effects suggest that alcohol or drug disorders are especially harmful for emerging adults without CHCs and contribute to higher levels of chronic disruptive pain; however, among those with CHCs, alcohol and illicit drugs may be used as a numbing agent to blunt chronic disruptive pain.ImplicationsFindings from this study have implications for the integration and coordination of services to design strategies aimed at managing chronic disruptive pain and preventing pain-related disabilities later in life. Within the health system, healthcare providers should engage in dialogues about mental health and substance use regularly with emerging adults, be proactive in screening for psychiatric disorders, and continue to monitor the impact of pain on daily functioning. Given the age range of emerging adults, there is tremendous opportunity for clinicians to work cooperatively with colleagues in the education system to support emerging adults with and without CHCs. Overall, clinicians, researchers, educators, and those in social services should continue to be mindful of the complex interrelationships between physical and mental health and chronic disruptive pain and work cooperatively to optimize health outcomes and prevent pain-related disabilities among emerging adults.

Poisoning deaths among late-middle aged and older adults: comparison between suicides and deaths of undetermined intent

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (08) ◽  
pp. 1159-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namkee G. Choi ◽  
Diana M. DiNitto ◽  
C. Nathan Marti ◽  
Bryan Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Poisoning Deaths

ABSTRACTBackground:Given the rapid increase in prescription and illicit drug poisoning deaths in the 50+ age group, we examined precipitating/risk factors and toxicology results associated with poisoning deaths classified as suicides compared to intent-undetermined death (UnD) among decedents aged 50+.Methods:Data were from the 2005–2015 US National Violent Death Reporting System (N = 15,453). χ2 tests and multinomial logistic regression models were used to compare three groups of decedents: suicide decedent who left a suicide note, suicide decedent who did not leave a note, and UnD cases.Results:Compared to suicide decedents without a note (37.7% of the sample), those with a note (29.4%) were more likely to have been depressed and had physical health problems and other life stressors, while UnD cases (32.9%) were less likely to have had mental health problems and other life stressors but more likely to have had substance use and health problems. UnD cases were also more likely to be opioid (RRR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.42–2.90) and cocaine (RRR = 2.59, 95% CI = 2.09–3.21) positive but less likely to be antidepressant positive. Blacks were more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic Whites to be UnDs. Results from separate regression models in the highest UnD states (Maryland and Utah) and in states other than Maryland/Utah were similar.Conclusions:Many UnDs may be more correctly classified as unintentional overdose deaths. Along with more accurate determination processes for intent/manner of death, substance use treatment and approaches to curbing opioid and other drug use problems are needed to prevent intentional and unintentional poisoning deaths.

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