Nutrition of Children With Cancer in Brazil: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE The objective of this systematic review was to describe nutrition-related publications on children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer in Brazil. METHODS The methodology followed that of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Medline, LILACS (the Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), and Embase were searched in April 2019, and data extraction and rating of methodologic study quality (according to the National Institutes of Health quality score assessment) were performed independently by reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 3,509 patients from 1994 to 2018. Most of the studies (74%) were of poor quality in methodology and reporting. Different cancer diagnoses were included in 52% of studies, whereas acute leukemia was the exclusive focus in 41%. The majority of the articles (70%) were from institutions in the Southeast Region of Brazil, mainly the state of São Paulo (74%); no publications were from the North Region of the country. Twelve studies addressed nutritional status and body composition, reporting an abundance of malnourished patients in the Brazilian population of children and adolescents with cancer. Six studies on micronutrients pointed to possible deficiencies in this population, with a yet unclear but promising role for supplementation during treatment. CONCLUSION Evidence indicates that there is great interest in the impact of nutrition on childhood cancer treatment and clinical outcomes in Brazil. However, there is a need to focus on high-quality research, particularly with multicentric/national studies. This will help establish research priorities and better planned clinical interventions, adapted to each region of the country.

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Screening strategies for hypertension: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e025043 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bey-Marrié Schmidt ◽

Solange Durão ◽

Ingrid Toews ◽

Charlotte M Bavuma ◽

Joerg J Meerpohl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Latin American ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Publication Date ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Systematic Review Protocol ◽

Screening Strategies ◽

Review Protocol ◽

The Impact

IntroductionIt is unclear whether early detection of hypertension, through screening, leads to healthier behaviours and better control of blood pressure levels. There is a need to learn from studies that have assessed the impact of different screening approaches on patient important outcomes. This systematic review protocol outlines the methods that will be used to assess the comparative effectiveness of different screening strategies (mass, targeted or opportunistic) for hypertension to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension.Methods and analysisWe will primarily search Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). Relevant randomised controlled trials, controlled before and after, interrupted time series and prospective analytic cohort studies regardless of publication date, language and geographic location, will be included. We are interested in clinical, adverse event and health system outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles against inclusion criteria; perform data extraction and assess risk of bias in included studies. We will assess the certainty of the overall evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach and report findings accordingly.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval will be sought, as only secondary studies will be used. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093046.

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Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

HRB Open Research ◽

10.12688/hrbopenres.12827.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Nicla Manzari ◽

Karen Matvienko-Sikar ◽

Franco Baldoni ◽

Gerard W. O'Keeffe ◽

Ali S. Khashan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Maternal Stress ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Prenatal Maternal Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Background: Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is defined as the experience of significant levels of prenatal stress, depression or anxiety during pregnancy. PNMS has been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in exposed offspring. However, these findings are inconsistent and other studies found no association, meaning a clear consensus on the impact of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk is required. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and critically review the existing literature on the effects of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE) will be searched for articles following a detailed search strategy. We will include cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that assessed maternal exposure to psychological and/or environmental stress and had ASD or ADHD as an outcome. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full articles to identify eligible studies. We will use a standardised data extraction form for extracting data and a bias classification tool for assessing study quality. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The generic inverse variance method will be used if possible to perform meta-analyses. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study because it will not involve the conduct or inclusion of any experimental or personal data that would require informed consent. The systematic review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018084222.

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Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

HRB Open Research ◽

10.12688/hrbopenres.12827.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicla Manzari ◽

Karen Matvienko-Sikar ◽

Franco Baldoni ◽

Gerard W. O'Keeffe ◽

Ali S. Khashan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Maternal Stress ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Prenatal Maternal Stress ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Background: Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is defined as the experience of significant levels of prenatal stress, depression or anxiety during pregnancy. PNMS has been associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in exposed offspring. However, these findings are inconsistent and other studies found no association, meaning a clear consensus on the impact of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk is required. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and critically review the existing literature on the effects of PNMS on ASD and ADHD risk. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE) will be searched for articles following a detailed search strategy. We will include cohort and case-control studies that assessed maternal exposure to psychological and/or environmental stress and had ASD or ADHD as an outcome. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full articles to identify eligible studies. We will use a standardised data extraction form for extracting data and a bias classification tool for assessing study quality. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The generic inverse variance method will be used if possible to perform meta-analyses. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study because it will not involve the conduct or inclusion of any experimental or personal data that would require informed consent. The systematic review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018084222.

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Non-adherence to immunosuppressants following renal transplantation: a protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015411 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e015411 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abigail Hucker ◽

Frances Bunn ◽

Lewis Carpenter ◽

Christopher Lawrence ◽

Ken Farrington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Renal Transplant Recipients ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Data Extraction Form ◽

Registration Number ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

IntroductionAdherence to immunosuppressant medication is essential for renal transplant recipients. This review aims to summarise what is known about non-adherence, with a view to providing comprehensive evidence to inform strategies aimed at advancing adherent behaviour.Methods and analysisA systematic review of quantitative studies that report adherence to immunosuppressants in adult (over 18 years) renal transplant recipients. The review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines; study quality will be assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Systematic searches will be completed across relevant databases. Two reviewers will independently extract data using a predefined data extraction form. We will summarise the operationalisation of adherence across studies and use narrative synthesis to identify factors associated with non-adherence. A meta-analysis will be conducted if there is sufficient homogeneity, and available data, across studies to estimate the prevalence of non-adherence in renal transplant recipients. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2test. Survival analysis will be conducted to estimate hazard ratios to explore the impact of non-adherence on graft survival, graft failure and patient survival.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences for professionals and researchers. Review outcomes will help support clinical practice by highlighting the extent of non-adherence among adults, and in doing so, signpost the need for suitable intervention.Trial registration numberPROSPERO registration number (CRD42016038751).

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Preventive Interventions for the Second Half of Life: A Systematic Review

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117117712355 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 1122-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cother Hajat ◽

Adriana Selwyn ◽

Mark Harris ◽

Derek Yach

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Summary Table ◽

Age Related ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Objective: Recent improvements in life expectancy globally require intensified focus on noncommunicable diseases and age-related conditions. The purpose of this article is to inform the development of age-specific prevention guidelines for adults aged 50 and above, which are currently lacking. Data Source: PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar and explicit outreach to experts in the field. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Meta-analyses, intervention-based, and prospective cohort studies that reported all-cause mortality, disease-specific mortality, or morbidity in adults were included. Data Extraction: A systematic review was undertaken in 2015 using search terms of a combination of <risk factor> and “intervention,” “mortality,” “reduction,” “improvement,” “death,” and “morbidity.” Data Synthesis: Interventions were categorized according to the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Level of Evidence framework. Results: A summary table reports for each intervention the impact, strength of evidence, initiation, duration, and details of the intervention. Age-decade-specific preventive recommendations have been proposed relating to physical activity, diet, tobacco and alcohol use, medication adherence, screening and vaccination, and mental and cognitive health. Conclusion: Clear recommendations have been made according to the existing evidence base, but further research investment is needed to fill the many gaps. Further, personalized approaches to healthy aging complemented by population-wide approaches and broader cross-sector partnerships will help to ensure greater longevity is an opportunity, rather than a burden, for society.

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Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID 19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review

10.20944/preprints202103.0149.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Salima Meherali ◽

Neelam Punjani ◽

Samantha Louie-Poon ◽

Komal Abdul Rahim ◽

Jai Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Health Issues ◽

Children And Adolescent ◽

Psychosocial Services ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Background: The COVID 19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of people around the world. It is already evident that the direct and indirect psychological and social effects of the COVID 19 pandemic are insidious and affect the mental health of young children and adolescents now and will in the future. The aim and objectives of this knowledge-synthesis study were to identify the impact of the pandemic on children’s and adolescent’s mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions employed during previous and the current pandemic to promote children’s and adolescent’s mental health. Methodology: We conducted the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included experimental randomized, nonrandomized controlled trials; observational studies; and qualitative studies. Results: Of the 5,828 articles that we retrieved, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. We thematically analyzed and put up the major findings under the thematic areas of impact of pandemic on children and adolescent’s mental health. These studies reported that pandemics cause stress, worry, helplessness, and social and risky behavioral problems among children and adolescents (e.g., substance abuse, suicide, relationship problems, academic issues, absenteeism from work). Interventions such as art-based programs, support services, and clinician-led mental health and psychosocial services effectively decrease mental health issues among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Children and adolescents are more likely to experience high rates of depression and anxiety during and after a pandemic. It is critical that future researchers explore effective mental health strategies that are tailored to the needs of children and adolescents. Explorations of effective channels regarding the development and delivery of evidence-based, age-appropriate services are vital to lessen the effects and improve long-term capacities for mental health services for children and adolescents.

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Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8479

Author(s):

Finiki Nearchou ◽

Clodagh Flinn ◽

Rachel Niland ◽

Sheena Siva Subramaniam ◽

Eilis Hennessy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Selection Procedure ◽

Youth Mental Health ◽

Future Research ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely discussed during the past few months, with scholars expressing concern about its potential debilitating consequences on youth mental health. Hence, this research aimed to provide a systematic review of the evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on youth mental health. We conducted a mixed methods integrated review to identify any empirical study that focused on young people ≤ 18 years old. Eight databases were systematically searched to identify studies of any type of research design. The selection procedure followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol of this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (protocol ID: CRD4202019375). Twelve studies deemed eligible for data extraction (n = 12,262). The findings show that COVID-19 has an impact on youth mental health and is particularly associated with depression and anxiety in adolescent cohorts. The quality appraisal indicated that all studies were of low or moderate methodological quality. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting young people’s lives, and thus generating robust research evidence to inform policy decisions is essential. Hence, the methodological quality of future research should be drastically improved.

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Impact of carbapenem resistance on mortality in patients infected with Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e054971

Author(s):

Ruyin Zhou ◽

Xiangming Fang ◽

Jinjin Zhang ◽

Xiaodong Zheng ◽

Shuangyue Shangguan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Infection Type ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesTo provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of carbapenem resistance on mortality among patients infected with Enterobacteriaceae and to explore the source of heterogeneity across studies.DesignThis systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of Cochrane Guidance and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Data sourcesWe conducted a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies published between 1 January 1994 and 30 August 2020.Eligibility criteriaWe included primary observational studies published in English that reported the mortality outcomes for hospitalised patients with confirmed infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE). Studies with no comparison group or with a comparison group of patients infected with unconfirmed CSE were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and assessment of risk bias were conducted independently by two reviewers. The pooled relative risk and risk difference were calculated as effect measures with 95% CIs using a random effects model. The heterogeneity across studies was assessed by Q-statistic and I2 measures.ResultsOf 10 304 studies initially identified, 50 studies were included in the meta-analyses. The results of the meta-analyses showed that carbapenem resistance has a significant positive effect on the probability of death for patients infected with Enterobacteriaceae for any type of mortality outcome. The results of the stratified analysis and meta-regression suggested that the effect of carbapenem resistance on the risk of death varied by infection type, sample size and year of publication.ConclusionsOur results suggested that patients with CRE infection still face a greater risk of death than patients with CSE infection do, and an urgent need to develop new antibiotics and appropriate treatments to reduce the risk of death.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020176808.

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Impact of Pharmacist-led Discharge Counseling on Hospital Readmission and Emergency Department Visits: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Journal of Hospital Medicine ◽

10.12788/jhm.3182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aline Bonetti ◽

Walleri C Reis ◽

Antonio M Mendes ◽

Inajara Rotta ◽

Fernanda S Tonin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Usual Care ◽

Hospital Readmission ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND: Transitions of care can contribute to medication errors and other adverse drug events. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visits through a systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), along with a manual search (July 2017). PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017068444. STUDY SELECTION: Two independent reviewers performed all the steps of the systematic review process (screening of titles and abstracts, full-text appraisal, data extraction, and quality assessment), with contributions from a third researcher. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting data on pharmacist-led discharge counseling. DATA EXTRACTION: Primary extracted outcomes were emergency department visits and hospital readmission rates. DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses of intervention versus usual care for hospital readmission and emergency department visit rates were performed using the inverse variance method. Results are reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prediction intervals (PIs) were also calculated. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 21 RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis and 18 in the meta-analyses (n = 7,244 patients). The original meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the impact between pharmacist-led discharge counseling and usual care on overall hospital readmission (RR = 0.864 [95% CI 0.763-0.997], P = .020) and emergency department (RR = 0.697 [95% CI 0.535-0.907], P = .007) visits. However, the small number of included studies, the high heterogeneity among trials (I2 between 40% and 60%), and the wide PIs (hospital readmission: PI 0.542-1.186; emergency department visits: PI 0.027-1.367) prevented drawing further conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient evidence exists regarding the effect of pharmacist-led discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visits. Further well-designed clinical trials with defined core outcome sets are needed.

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Physical fitness of Latin America children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e047122

Author(s):

Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf ◽

Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni ◽

Grant R Tomkinson ◽

Javier Brazo-Sayavera

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Latin America ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Latin American ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Important Indicator ◽

American Children ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionPhysical fitness (PF) is an important indicator of health in children and adolescents. Internationally, test batteries have been used to assess overall PF. In Latin America, however, while PF has been widely measured, there is no accepted test battery, making it difficult to monitor and/or compare the PF levels of Latin children. The aim of this study, therefore, is to systematically review and potentially meta-analyse the peer-reviewed literature regarding the assessment of PF in Latin American children and adolescents.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols statement. The systematic literature search will be performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and Latindex (Spanish) to locate articles published up to April 2021. Eligible studies will include both descriptive and analytic study designs. Meta-analyses are planned for sufficiently homogeneous PF outcomes with regard to statistical and methodological characteristics. Narrative syntheses are planned for PF outcomes that are considered to be too heterogeneous. The statistical program STATA V.15 will be used for meta-analyses, with subgroup analyses performed according to the characteristics of included studies.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is designed to provide updated evidence on the PF of Latin American children and adolescents. Findings from this review may be useful for teachers, researchers and other professionals responsible for paediatric fitness and health promotion/surveillance. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications, conferences, educational talks and infographics.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189892.

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