New Strategies of Damage Reduction in Urban Areas Proned to Flood

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Pasche ◽  
Timm Ruben Geisler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
New Strategies

Flood Damage Reduction in Urban Areas with Use of Low Impact Development Designs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swastik Bhandari ◽  
Addison Jobe ◽  
Balbhadra Thakur ◽  
Ajay Kalra ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Reduction

scholarly journals Who Is Going for VCT? A Case Study in Urban Burkina Faso

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou ◽  
Seydou Yaro ◽  
Paulin Fao ◽  
Marie-Christine Defer ◽  
François Ilboudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Counselling And Testing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Population Based Survey

Introduction. Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) is a key element of treatment and is essential for prevention of vertical HIV transmission. Little information is available on the uptake of VCT in Burkina Faso. This study aims to assess the prevalence of VCT in urban Burkina Faso, where the epidemic is still highly concentrated. Methods. We conducted a two-stage clustered population-based survey among 1,694 subjects living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. After informed consent was obtained, a behavioural questionnaire was administered to participants. Results. Overall, 10.2% of individuals had used VCT, while 9% were women. Among women who had a child after the launch of the programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), only 10.4% have been tested for HIV. Almost all participants (99.3%) were aware of HIV/AIDS, and 65% knew the main methods of prevention. In multivariate analysis, older age and being married and better educated were independent factors associated with VCT. Conclusions. Despite high public knowledge and awareness about HIV, VCT uptake was still very low and PMTCT coverage was poor. New strategies are required to increase VCT uptake in urban areas, in particular among the youngest age.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LEARNING BY INCREASING THE STUDENTS’ READING SKILLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Aljula Jubani ◽  
Irena Ndoci Lama ◽  
Mimoza Gjokutaj
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Quality Of Learning ◽  
Reading Key ◽  
New Strategies

Recently, the quality of students learning in many European schools has decreased. Various studies and evaluations of the Albanian education system have revealed that Albanian schools have low quality indicators. The reasons for this phenomenon are related to different educational and social factors. One of the factors that has significantly contributed to the low results of the Albanian students is the low quality of reading, which in turn has a direct impact on learning outcomes. This study aims at reflecting the state of reading and its related issues as well as the use of current techniques and strategies which aim to enhance critical thinking through reading and writing. In order to highlight some of the factors that can significantly affect the quality of reading for female / male students in rural and urban areas, around 300 students from 18 schools in 6 regions of the country were examined. Findings and recommendations are presented for the use of new strategies and techniques related to reading and improving the quality of student learning by improving the quality of the reading. Key words: critical thinking, quality of learning, reading, results, skills, strategies, techniques.

scholarly journals From Disaster to Sustainability: Breaking the Cycle of Floods in Houston, Texas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Hampshire ◽  
James L. Sipes
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Residential Use ◽  
Physical Features

The consequences of growing urbanization can be perceived in multiple levels around the globe: overpopulated living conditions, water and air pollution, loss of open space, costly transportation infrastructure, food shortages, fires and floods. The Houston metropolitan area is an example of fast urban growth, with a population increase of more than sixteen percent in seven years, going from 5.8 million people in 2010 to 6.9 million in 2017 [1]. By 2045, the robust growth of the region is projected to lead to the addition of approximately five hundred square miles of developed area, including an estimated six million parking spaces, seven hundred eighty million square feet of non-residential uses, and three and a half billion square feet of residential use [2]. The accelerated development, in addition to physical features, geomorphic processes and human activities in the region are believed to have caused Houston to suffer through over fifty devastating floods since its settlement, despite some successful flood damage reduction projects. The present study focused on the potential outcomes of an increased use of green infrastructure in comparable urban areas, and its effects on flooding volume. Results from the research revealed that not only these measures would likely improve the performance of existing urban drainage systems and attenuate flood incidence in the area, but would also promote connectivity between areas otherwise detached or only accessible by car, improving walkability and incentivizing engagement in outdoor activities.

scholarly journals Flood Depth‒Damage Curves for Spanish Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
Edwar Forero-Ortiz ◽  
María Guerrero-Hidalga ◽  
Salvador Castán ◽  
Manuel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Project Site ◽  
The Eu

Depth‒damage curves, also known as vulnerability curves, are an essential element of many flood damage models. A relevant characteristic of these curves is their applicability limitations in space and time. The reader will find firstly in this paper a review of different damage models and depth‒damage curve developments in the world, particularly in Spain. In the framework of the EU-funded RESCCUE project, site-specific depth‒damage curves for 14 types of property uses have been developed for Barcelona. An expert flood surveyor’s opinion was essential, as the occasional lack of data was made up for by his expertise. In addition, given the lack of national standardization regarding the applicability of depth‒damage curves for flood damage assessments in Spanish urban areas, regional adjustment indices have been derived for transferring the Barcelona curves to other municipalities. Temporal adjustment indices have been performed in order to modify the depth‒damage curves for the damage estimation of future flood events, too. This study attempts to provide nationwide applicability in flood damage reduction studies.

scholarly journals From Disaster to Sustainability: Breaking the Cycle of Floods in Houston, Texas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Hampshire ◽  
James L. Sipes
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Residential Use ◽  
Physical Features

The consequences of growing urbanization can be perceived in multiple levels around the globe: overpopulated living conditions, water and air pollution, loss of open space, costly transportation infrastructure, food shortages, fires and floods. The Houston metropolitan area is an example of fast urban growth, with a population increase of more than sixteen percent in seven years, going from 5.8 million people in 2010 to 6.9 million in 2017 [1]. By 2045, the robust growth of the region is projected to lead to the addition of approximately five hundred square miles of developed area, including an estimated six million parking spaces, seven hundred eighty million square feet of non-residential uses, and three and a half billion square feet of residential use [2]. The accelerated development, in addition to physical features, geomorphic processes and human activities in the region are believed to have caused Houston to suffer through over fifty devastating floods since its settlement, despite some successful flood damage reduction projects. The present study focused on the potential outcomes of an increased use of green infrastructure in comparable urban areas, and its effects on flooding volume. Results from the research revealed that not only these measures would likely improve the performance of existing urban drainage systems and attenuate flood incidence in the area, but would also promote connectivity between areas otherwise detached or only accessible by car, improving walkability and incentivizing engagement in outdoor activities.

scholarly journals Health Service Delivery Complexities in Mutare Urban, Manicaland Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2861-2876
Author(s):  
Whatmore Chikwature ◽  
Chikwature E
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The City ◽  
New Strategies

This research study sought to identify the health service delivery challenges in urban areas using Mutare as a point of reference. Interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used to collect data from selected residents of Mutare city. Mutare city is experiencing poor service provisions and serious health service delivery challenges. This is witnessed by high doctor to patient ratio, high infant and maternal mortality rates as well as high incidences of malaria and other infectious diseases. The challenges are not limited to drugs and medical facilities, medical staff, transport, distance and referral mechanism, costs and financing of services culture and attitudes, corruption and bribery. Recommendations were made regarding the possible adjustment to existing health strategies and policies used in Zimbabwe, for the improvement of the health service delivery system of the city of Mutare. New strategies were also recommended for the improvement of the health system of the city. Lastly, some proposals were made for further research on the health service delivery challenges in rural areas so that comparisons are made to see whether the challenges are the same.

scholarly journals Urbanisation of Protected Areas within the European Union—An Analysis of UNESCO Biospheres and the Need for New Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5899
Author(s):  
Maryann Harris ◽  
Claire Cave ◽  
Karen Foley ◽  
Thomas Bolger ◽  
Tamara Hochstrasser
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Urban Strategy ◽  
New Strategies

The UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs) comprise core conservation areas supported by a buffer and transition zone of sustainable development. This zoning can help manage urbanisation around conservation areas. Although it is UNESCO policy to measure the number of BRs that have interactions with urban areas, there has been no systematic assessment of urban biospheres since 2008. This research addresses this deficit by measuring the extent of urbanisation of all designated BRs within the European Union (EU). Using the Copernicus Urban Atlas, the proximity of BRs to Functional Urban Areas (FUA) was determined. The results show that 46% (76/167) of BRs are situated within FUAs, including 11% (18/167) entirely within an FUA. The majority (64%) of EU-28 countries have BRs within FUAs. Urban influences on EU-28 BRs are extensive, as 90% are found within 50 km of an FUA. However, integration with urban areas may be lacking as 14% of EU BRs were adjacent to an FUA. Urban pressures are acute for 11% of EU BRs which had multiple FUAs within a 50 km radius. Therefore, urbanisation of BRs is a widespread challenge and recommendations are provided for BRs to function as an information sharing network and develop a new urban strategy.

scholarly journals Development of Flood Vulnerability Assessment Method considering Urban Characteristics: Daegu Metropolitan City

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Youngseok Song ◽  
Jongpyo Park ◽  
Hayong Kim ◽  
Sangman Jeong ◽  
Moojong Park
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Proxy Variables ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Assessment

This study intends to develop a flood vulnerability assessment method and flood damage reduction measures in urban areas for Daegu Metropolitan City. The proxy variables for the flood vulnerability assessment were calculated using the previously investigated proxy variables for urban areas. The Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) of the urban area was proposed using the Regional Significance Index (RSI), which indicates the importance of each region, and the Damage Possibility Index (DPI) for flood damage data. The RSI selected four proxy variables: population density, vulnerable population ratio, property density, and area ratio of major facilities. The DPI also selected four proxy variables: area ratio of low land, the impervious area ratio, status of domestic disaster risk district, and flood occurrence record. Eight proxy variables were selected and the FVI of urban areas calculated using multiplicative utility functions. As a result of the calculation, the FVI of Daegu Metropolitan City was found to be high in the central urban areas and by the streams. The results of this study are expected to be used for flood vulnerability assessments in urban areas and establishing flood damage reduction measures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document