Groundwater use and its management: Policy and institutional options in rural areas of North China

2009 ◽  
pp. 221-238
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North China ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Groundwater Use

Cognitive Impairment and Associated Factors in Rural Elderly in North China

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Lily Dongxia Xiao ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Xiaomei Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
North China ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Income Source

Background: China has the largest population living with dementia globally and urban-rural differences are significant in prevalence, risk factors, and health resources. Epidemiologic studies on cognitive impairment in rural areas are limited in China and other low- and middle-income countries. Objective: This study investigated cognitive impairment and associated factors in rural elderly aged 65 years and over in China. Methods: In total, 1,250 participants from ten villages in North China were recruited from June to September, 2017. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The interviews included socio-demographic information, health status, and psychological assessments. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. A multivariate logistic regression model with backward method was employed to identify factors associated with cognitive impairment. Results: The positive rate of cognitive impairment among rural Chinese elderly aged 65 years and older was 42.9% (95% CI, 40.1–45.6). No significant differences were found in cognitive impairment by age or gender before the age of 75 years. Older age, lack of formal school education, reliance on the basic living allowance as the only income source, poor hearing and vision function, diabetes, and activities of daily living dependence were associated with higher rate of cognitive impairment, while tea consumption and fatty liver disease were associated with lower cognitive impairment rate. Conclusion: A very high percentage of rural elderly in China had cognitive impairment. Education programs and prevention interventions targeting modifiable risk factors among high-risk populations should be developed through collective efforts involving all stakeholders.

Impact of alternative cropping systems on groundwater use and grain yields in the North China Plain Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengpan Xiao ◽  
Yanjun Shen ◽  
Yongqing Qi ◽  
Juana P. Moiwo ◽  
Leilei Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Groundwater Use ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Plain Region

Impact of the methods of groundwater access on irrigation and crop yield in the North China Plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Jinxia Wang ◽  
Guangsheng Zhang ◽  
Qiuqiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Groundwater Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Groundwater Markets ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is: to track the methods by which farmers access groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain (NCP); to explore whether climate factors influence farmers’ decisions on the methods of groundwater access for irrigation; and to examine whether the amount of groundwater use for irrigation and crop yield systematically differ across groups of farmers using various methods of groundwater access, and how climate factors affect them. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive statistical analysis and econometric models are used on household survey data collected over several years and county-level climate data. Findings Over the past few decades, a significant share of farmers have switched the methods of groundwater access from collective tubewells to own tubewells or groundwater markets. Farmers who bought water from groundwater markets applied less water to wheat plots than those who had their own tubewells. However, wheat yield was not negatively affected. Both average climate conditions and long-term variations were found to be related to farmers’ choice of methods of groundwater access for irrigation. More frequent droughts and increasingly volatile temperatures both increased the likelihood of farmers gaining groundwater irrigation from markets. Originality/value The analysis results suggest farmers are using groundwater markets to help them adapt to climate change. Applying empirical analysis to identify the impact of the methods by which farmers access groundwater for irrigation on the amount of groundwater use and crop yield will help policy makers design reasonable adaptation policies for the NCP.

scholarly journals Innovation and Development of Rural Leisure Tourism Industry Using Mobile Cloud IoT Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guangwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Geographical Concentration

As a promising IoT application, the rural leisure tourism industry can promote the reconstruction of industrial structure in rural areas and realize a sustainable, rapid, and healthy development of rural economy. This paper takes the rural leisure tourism industry in China as an example and aims at building an intelligent and integrated modern IoT use case. Based on the traditional rural leisure tourism, we improve the system by adding the data analysis over a mobile cloud IoT computing platform. In particular, this work investigates the characteristics of the national tourism market under the security requirements from governmental cloud data management policy. Our study shows that the geographical concentration index G of tourists in the Chinese market continues to increase. With the booming of IoT applications in rural leisure tourism, intelligent and integrated tourism guidance and optimized decision-making will provide tourists with better information and thus make rapid improvement of geographical concentration index.

Estimation of the nonpoint source nitrogen load in a strongly disturbed watershed of the North China Plain

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzan Li ◽  
Xuyong Li ◽  
Xinzhong Du ◽  
Xiaoxue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

Identification of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a great challenge in the North China Plain, which has modified rivers and insufficient data. In this study, a simple and reasonable method was developed to estimate the total nitrogen (TN) load in rural areas of the North China Plain. The method was found to work well and produce results consistent with monitoring data when considering various TN sources and transfer mechanisms. The annual TN loads from rural living, livestock and the farmlands were 121.9 × 103, 45.6 × 103 and 78.5 × 103 kg/yr, respectively. The TN load in the region along the river contributed much more to the NPS pollution than that in areas far from the river, with average TN loads of approximately 3394 and 602 kg km−2 yr−1, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that this method is suitable for NPS load estimates in severely disturbed watersheds with insufficient data.

Access to potable water and sanitation in Cameroon within the context of Millennium Development Goals (MDGS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1317-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ako Ako ◽  
Jun Shimada ◽  
Gloria Eneke Takem Eyong ◽  
Wilson Yetoh Fantong
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Development Goals

Cameroon has been fully engaged with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) since their inception in 2000. This paper examines the situation of access to potable water and sanitation in Cameroon within the context of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), establishes whether Cameroon is on the track of meeting the MDGs in these domains and proposes actions to be taken to bring it closer to these objectives. Based on analyzed data obtained from national surveys, government ministries, national statistical offices, bibliographic research, reports and interviews, it argues that Cameroon will not reach the water and sanitation MGDs. While Cameroon is not yet on track to meet the targets of the MDGs for water and sanitation, it has made notable progress since 1990, much more needs to be done to improve the situation, especially in rural areas. In 2006, 70% of the population had access to safe drinking water and the coverage in urban centres is 88%, significantly better than the 47% in rural areas. However, rapid urbanization has rendered existing infrastructure inadequate with periurban dwellers also lacking access to safe drinking water. Sanitation coverage is also poor. In urban areas only 58% of the population has access to improved sanitation facilities, and the rate in rural areas is 42%. Women and girls shoulder the largest burden in collecting water, 15% of urban and 18% rural populations use improved drinking water sources over 30 minutes away. Cameroon faces the following challenges in reaching the water and sanitation MDGs: poor management and development of the resources, coupled with inadequate political will and commitment for the long term; rapid urbanization; urban and rural poverty and regulation and legislative lapses. The authors propose that: bridging the gap between national water policies and water services; recognizing the role played by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the attainment of MDGs; developing a Council Water Resource Management Policy and Strategy (CWARMPS); organizing an institutional framework for the water and sanitation sector as well as completion and implementation of an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) plan, would bring Cameroon closer to the water and sanitation MDGs.

Analysis into Forms and Causes of Brick-Wood Buildings’ Wall Cracks

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
North China ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Ground Settlement ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Local Resources

Traditional folk houses in rural areas of north China are mostly Brick-Wood Building, for those houses draw on local resources, only need simple structures and cost less, which precisely fits the economic conditions in rural areas. However, due to all sorts of reasons, walls of those houses might easily crack, which will bring safety loopholes and panic inhabitants as well. With a village in North China as the study and research subject, first of all, the paper analyzes the locations and patterns of cracks appearing on walls and divided those cracks into eight types; then the causes of wall cracks are primarily explored, and after analysis the author comes to a conclusion that the freeze-thaw action of subsoil, disastrous weather, seismic action, natural ageing and construction quality etc. are directly related to wall cracks, while bearing capacity of foundation soil and ground settlement has no direct relationship with wall cracks.

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