Urban growth, loss of water bodies and flooding in Indian cities: The case of Hyderabad

2008 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Indian Cities

scholarly journals Impact of Urban Growth on Air Quality in Indian Cities Using Hierarchical Bayesian Approach

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakhar Misra ◽  
Ryoichi Imasu ◽  
Wataru Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Indian Cities

Several studies have found rising ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in urban areas across developing countries. For setting mitigation policies source-contribution is needed, which is calculated mostly through computationally intensive chemical transport models or manpower intensive source apportionment studies. Data based approach that use remote sensing datasets can help reduce this challenge, specially in developing countries which lack spatially and temporally dense air quality monitoring networks. Our objective was identifying relative contribution of urban emission sources to monthly PM 2.5 ambient concentrations and assessing whether urban expansion can explain rise of PM 2.5 ambient concentration from 2001 to 2015 in 15 Indian cities. We adapted the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) emission framework in a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate concentrations by statistically modeling the impact of urban growth on aerosol concentrations with the help of remote sensing datasets. Contribution to concentration from six key sources (residential, industrial, commercial, crop fires, brick kiln and vehicles) was estimated by inverse distance weighting of their emissions in the land-use regression model. A hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to account for the random effects due to the heterogeneous emitting sources in the 15 cities. Long-term ambient PM 2.5 concentration from 2001 to 2015, was represented by a indicator R (varying from 0 to 100), decomposed from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) derived AOD (aerosol optical depth) and angstrom exponent datasets. The model was trained on annual-level spatial land-use distribution and technological advancement data and the monthly-level emission activity of 2001 and 2011 over each location to predict monthly R. The results suggest that above the central portion of a city, concentration due to primary PM 2.5 emission is contributed mostly by residential areas (35.0 ± 11.9%), brick kilns (11.7 ± 5.2%) and industries (4.2 ± 2.8%). The model performed moderately for most cities (median correlation for out of time validation was 0.52), especially when assumed changes in seasonal emissions for each source reflected actual seasonal changes in emissions. The results suggest the need for policies focusing on emissions from residential regions and brick kilns. The relative order of the contributions estimated by this study is consistent with other recent studies and a contribution of up to 42.8 ± 14.1% is attributed to the formation of secondary aerosol, long-range transport and unaccounted sources in surrounding regions. The strength of this approach is to be able to estimate the contribution of urban growth to primary aerosols statistically with a relatively low computation cost compared to the more accurate but computationally expensive chemical transport based models. This remote sensing based approach is especially useful in locations without emission inventory.

scholarly journals Modelling dynamics of land use and ecosystem services changes in the Luanhe River Basin in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiren Xu ◽  
Brian Barrett ◽  
Fabrice Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Luanhe River Basin ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Land Use Dynamics ◽  
Ecosystem Disservices

<p>Quantifying land use dynamics is central to evaluate changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It also allows for understanding how ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) are affected by human interventions in the landscape. Finally, it can lead to the development of improved future land use management strategies for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Luanhe River Basin (LRB) is the most afforested river basin in North China and provides multiple ecosystem services which are related to several SDGs (e.g. SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, and 13: Climate Action). In this study, four scenarios: Trend, Expansion, Sustainability, and Conservation were developed based on different socioeconomic development and environmental protection targets as well as local plans and policies. Local stakeholders were consulted to develop these scenarios and to explore land use dynamics of the LRB and major challenges that the river basin may face by 2030. Land use change was modelled with CLUMondo and ES and EDS were characterised using capacity matrices. The ecosystem services potential index (ESPI) and ecosystem disservices potential index (EDSPI) was calculated, and ES and EDS hotspots and coldspots were identified. The study found that forests and water bodies provided the highest overall ES capacity, while the lowest scores were recorded for built-up and unused land areas. Built-up land and cropland provided the highest overall EDS capacity, while the lowest EDS scores were for water bodies. The forests and water bodies, which were widespread in the upper-middle reaches of the basin, were hotspots of provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services and ecological integrity, while the hotspots of EDS were concentrated in the built-up land areas and the croplands, which were mainly distributed in the downstream of the LRB. Modelling results indicated that the LRB was likely to experience agricultural (crop and livestock) intensification and urban growth under all four future scenarios. The cropland intensity and the urban growth rate were much higher under the historical trend (Trend) scenario compared to those with more planning interventions (Expansion, Sustainability, and Conservation scenarios). The most significant increase of livestock density in grassland was projected under the Expansion scenario. Unless the forest area and biodiversity conservation targets are implemented (Conservation scenarios), the forest areas are projected to decrease under three scenarios by 2030. The ESPI of all the ES declined from 1980 to 2018 and would continue to decline until 2030 without sustainable and conservation development strategies. Compared with the EDSPI in 1980, the EDSPI under all future scenarios in 2030 was projected to increase. This study calls for establishing and implementing sustainable environmental protection policies as well as cross-regional and trans-provincial eco-compensation schemes for minimising trade-offs in ES. The methodological framework and findings of this study can guide regional sustainable development and rational utilisation of land resources in the LRB and other comparable river basins, and will be valuable for policy and planning purposes to the pursuance of SDGs at the sub-national scale.</p>

Carbon Emissions and Sequestrations in Urban Landscapes and their Various and Changing Land and Water Covers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Page ◽  
Elisie Jonsson ◽  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Georgia Destouni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Sequestration Potential

<p>In order to meet the dual challenges of providing for a growing global population and mitigating climate change effects, it is necessary to consider how urban areas can grow while achieving carbon neutrality, which is a complex and difficult task. It requires increased understanding of carbon dynamics in the coupled urban social-ecological systems, including process-level understanding and distinction of natural and human-perturbed carbon exchanges and their interactions. A better understanding of these complex systems and processes could, for example, facilitate enhanced use of nature-based solutions (NBS) to help mitigate and offset the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of urban regions. This paper addresses part of this challenge, aiming to further understanding of the complex interactions between urban growth and GHG emissions implied by associated land use changes, including the influence of water bodies within the urban region on the carbon source-sink dynamics.</p><p> </p><p>The study involves a comprehensive analysis of the land-use related GHG emissions and removals (through carbon sequestration) in the urban region of Stockholm County in Sweden, which is currently experiencing large urban growth and rapid population growth. Stockholm County includes large urban areas, forested areas (both old and young preserved natural forests and managed forestry), farmlands, some wetlands, and a number of smaller towns and semi-urban areas. Geographically, much of the county is located on the Stockholm Archipelago – a series of islands in the Baltic Sea – and the remainder is dominated by many lakes, including Lake Mälaren, which is Sweden’s third largest lake and the main water supply for the capital city Stockholm. The water coverage prevailing in the county allows for investigation of its effects in combination and relation to the variable and changing urban and other land cover distribution on the regional GHG emissions and sequestrations. These effects may be considerable and are addressed in this study.</p><p> </p><p>Results include an inventory of existing and planned land uses in Stockholm County, and the GHG emissions or sequestration potentials associated with each of these. The land uses include urban and semi-urban areas, different types of natural and cultivated vegetation, agriculture, forestry, water bodies and wetlands. The study provides a map of Stockholm County’s GHG emission and sequestration potential, which is further analysed to advance our understanding of how future development in the county can be shaped to effectively minimize urban GHG emissions and maximize carbon sequestrations. The inclusion of water bodies in this GHG inventory proved to be particularly interesting; while lakes and other water bodies are often considered as ‘blue’ nature-based solutions (NBS) for maintaining and providing a number of ecosystem services in urban regions, our results indicate the lakes in Stockholm County as considerable sources of GHG emissions. The contribution of inland waters to the regional GHG emissions emphasizes the need and importance of improving rather than deteriorating the regional carbon sequestration potential in the urbanization process. This can be achieved by using and enhancing other types of NBS, such as rehabilitation of green areas like forests, in order to achieve carbon neutrality in this urban region.</p>

Urban growth in Indian cities: Are the driving forces really changing?

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Abhishek ◽  
Mamata Jenamani ◽  
Biswajit Mahanty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Indian Cities

scholarly journals Assessment of Urban Growth and Sprawl Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in South Ghor Region, Al-Karak, Jordan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mousa Hammad Abu Ghurah ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudi ◽  
Noorjima Abd Wahab ◽  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
Muhammad Barzani Gasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Bare Land

The land is a primary natural resource and is essential for human practice and life on earth. Improvement of land use and land cover is very much helpful to policymakers, city planners and for the sustainability of urban ecosystems. The urbanization process (urban growth and sprawl) is one of the important prime factors of land cover/use change, and it is related to the growth and increase of populations and economic activities. This study aims to assess the urban growth and sprawl in South Ghor, Jordan. Supervised classification techniques were applied for LULC classification using four Satellite images (1972, 1989, 1999 and 2016). The land was classified into four categories agricultural land, pastures and bare land, urban area and water bodies. The supervised classification techniques show that urban area and agricultural land have increased while water bodies and bare land have decreased. They also show the rapid urban growth and sprawl in the study areas.  

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Deepa Johri
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Indian Cities

Human beings interact both with the social world and nature for its survival. Natural resources and Economic base along with Technology are required for the continual improvement of life style and living standard. Up till now the development was achieved by over exploitation of resources which has damaged the environment and we are facing its consequences. A major cause of this situation is the fast urban growth. India is witnessing an unprecndental rise in urbanization in last two decade. But Indian cities are not able to manage the increasing population because of poor urban management and resource constraints. These cities and their residents are fighting again population, lack of safe drinking water, scarcity of electricity and other basic amenities.  Population and degradation of social & physical environment is a major issue in most of the cities in India, but at the same time cities are paving a way for a new cultural & economic development. The present study analysis urban and development in India and its impact on environment growth. Urbanization and sustainable development can be achieved if population growth and management of resources are catered properly, unfortunately it is not the scene of Indian urban growth. Thirteen out of twenty most polluted cities of world are Indian cities. We need an immediate control and overview of present trend of urbanization. This research paper is an attempt to identity the major issues of environment in class II &III cities of MP and to explore the path for sustainable development.

scholarly journals URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH AND LANDUSE CHANGE DETECTION ANALYSIS OF ALIGARH CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA USING HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING DATA, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) AND GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) TECHNIQUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Vijay Kumar Singh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Landuse Change ◽  
Topographical Map ◽  
The City

Use of High Resolution temporal satellite imageries and Geographical Information System(GIS) provide us present and past status of extensions and Landuse change in oukskirts ofurban centres. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the temporal urban growth andlanduse change of Aligarh city using Survey of India Topographical Map surveyed in 1971and IKONOS satellite data of various time periods from 2004, 2009 and 2014. The resultshows that in 1971 the urban built-up land of the city based on SOI Topographical Map was2224.6555 hectare, based on interpretation of IKONOS satellite imagery of 2004, 2009 and2014 , the urban built-up area of the city is 4724.7614 hectare in 2004, 5872.6774 hectare in2009 and 7059.8875 hectare in 2014 respectively. This has increased to 2500.1059 hectare in aperiod of 33 years from 1971 to 2004 and in the period from 2004-2009 and 2009-2014 it hasincreased by 1148 hectare and 1187.211 hectare respectively. Agricultural land,Orchard/Plantations and water bodies to built-up (urban) has been calculated in GIS and ithas been observed that there is a tremendous increase in the built-up urban area. The loss ofprime arable land, orchard/plantation and water bodies has been converted in to built-upurban land. The digital database created for urban growth and landuse change of Aligarhcity, Uttar Pradesh, India using multi-date data in Arc-GIS software would be very useful forurban development authorities, planners, decision makers for better landuse planning andmanagement for proposed landuse programmes.

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