Cultural control methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
A. Nucifora
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Methods

CONTROLLING SUFETULA SPP.: A COCONUT INSECT PEST ON PEAT SOILS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. BONNEAU ◽  
M. HUSNI ◽  
L. BEAUDOIN-OLLIVIER ◽  
JOKO SUSILO
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
The Impact

We demonstrated experimentally that Sufetula, a root-mining insect, has a depressive effect on coconut yields on peat soils. The impact of the pest resulted in a shortfall in earnings that warranted taking control measures. We considered control methods suitable for rehabilitating infested mature coconut plantings and for preserving young coconut plantings. Currently, cultural control is the only effective method. It involves eliminating all identified shelters for the adult insect, i.e. fern cover and heaps of coconut waste (dry fronds and husks). The aim is to achieve totally bare soil, with moss cover that does not attract the pest, or planted with an unattractive intercrop such as pineapple.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 105. Linaria vulgaris Mill.

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Saner ◽  
David R. Clements ◽  
Michael R. Hall ◽  
Douglas J. Doohan ◽  
Clifford W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Linaria Vulgaris ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Flower Phenology ◽  
Root Buds

Yellow toadflax, Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Scrophulariaceae), is a weed of rangelands and agricultural crops. Introduced from Eurasia into North America more than 300 yr ago, it is now naturalized in all provinces and territories up to 60° northern latitude and beyond 2000 m altitude. It became a concern in the middle of this century when it invaded the prairies. Its seriousness as a weed declined in the late 1950s, possibly as a result of biological control. Concern has been renewed recently because the adoption of minimum tillage techniques could lead to greater abundance. Reproduction is vigourous by means of adventitious root buds and by high seed production. Growth forms, vegetative reproduction, flower phenology, and germination are variable. The capability for regrowth from root parts makes L. vulgaris a difficult weed to eradicate and limits the efficacy of cultural control methods. The possibilities for chemical control are limited due to resistance to common herbicides. Biological control projects conducted during the past 50 yr have been partly successful and are on-going. Key words:Linaria vulgaris, toadflax, Scrophulariaceae, weed biology, control, review

scholarly journals Rural Farmers’ Perceptions, Knowledge and Management of Insect Pests of Fruit Vegetables in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladele Abiodun Olaniran ◽  
Samuel Adelani Babarinde ◽  
Adeola Foluke Odewole ◽  
Peter Ademola Aremu ◽  
Kehinde Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Age Category ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Surveys were carried out in five local government areas of Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone Nigeria during planting season in 2010 to investigate rural farmers perceptions and management practices of insect pests of fruit vegetables. The survey involved 150 randomly selected farmers who were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Fruit vegetables planted by the farmers were okra, tomatoes, pepper and garden egg. Reasons given by farmers for cultivating fruit vegetables were significantly favored by age category, educational qualification, and secondary occupation of farmers (x2 = 4.757, P = 0.029). Field insect pests were perceived as the major production constraint to fruit vegetables in this zone. Majority of the farmer estimated 78.4 % rated insect pest as the most serious pest infesting fruit vegetables, the insect pests were grasshopper (Orthoptera), beetles (Coleoptera) and caterpillar (Lepidoptera). Integrated pest management module consisted basically of chemical and cultural control strategies, with weeding, shifting cultivation and crop rotation as main cultural control methods. More than 76.7 % of the farmers make use of cultural control because of unavailability and cost of chemical insecticides. Only 23.3 % had access to chemical insecticides in controlling insect pest of fruit vegetables.

A COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL AND CULTURAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN IRRIGATION DITCHBANKS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GROVER ◽  
A. E. SMITH ◽  
H. C. KORVEN
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Annual Application

A study was conducted to compare the efficiency of various herbicidal treatments and cultural methods for control of weeds in a series of irrigation ditches similar in design to farmer head ditches. The residual herbicides, applied at soil sterilant rates, atrazine (22.4 kg/ha), bromacil (15.2 kg/ha), monuron (38.5 kg/ha), and simazine (22.4 kg/ha), were reapplied during September of 1973 to the same ditches that had received similar treatments in September of 1970. The foliar herbicidal applications of paraquat (2.2 kg/ha), dalapon + amitrole-T (11.2 + 2.2 kg/ha), paraquat + diquat (1.1 + 1.1 kg/ha), as well as growth retardent chlorflurenol (3.6 kg/ha), were applied annually each June from 1971 until 1976. Cultural control methods consisted of sowing (in 1971) the ditch bottoms and sides with streambank wheatgrass, sheep fescue, Russian wild ryegrass, and dwarf timothy. Over the period 1973–1976, the soil-applied herbicides gave good control of weeds in the ditches, with simazine and atrazine being superior to monuron and bromacil. The transport of these herbicides in the initial water flush and their leaching into the soil profile were shown to be potential hazards for contamination. The foliar herbicides paraquat and paraquat + diquat and to lesser extent amitrole-T + dalapon provided yearly suppression of weeds (following the third annual application in 1973) which allowed satisfactory water flow. Trace amounts of amitrole and dalapon were noted in the irrigation water immediately after herbicide treatment. The growth retardant was unsuitable for weed control since suppression was poor and adequate water flow conditions were observed only during the final year of the study. The grasses allowed good water flow and satisfactorily controlled weeds along the ditch side and bottom. However, some species required a period of 2 to 3 yr to become established whereas others were satisfactory for the first 3 to 4 yr only, suggesting that a mixture may be more suitable.

scholarly journals Farmer Perceptions on Vegetable Diseases and Their Control in Sub-Humid Areas in Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maria Goss ◽  
Paramu. L. Mafongoya ◽  
Augustine Gubba ◽  
Obert Jiri
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Control Methods

Abstract The monoculture vegetable production systems practiced by Zimbabwean farmers has resulted in major disease outbreaks, causing major production constraints. There is need to determine the intensity of pesticides usage and methods of alternative disease management strategies. This study was carried out using 250 randomly selected vegetable farmers by administering questionnaires. The study objectives were to determine farmers’ perceptions on vegetable disease incidence and severity in relation to prevailing weather conditions, and determine common control methods practiced to manage fungal and bacterial disease outbreaks. The results indicated significant increases in fungal and bacterial disease incidence of 84.6% (within community cropping fields) and severity of 73.1% (within individual farmer fields) over the past 5-10 years (P £ 0.05). It also revealed disease incidence being highest [30.8%] during winter (May – July) and rainy months [23.1%] (November – February). Results further indicated 96.2% of the respondents relied on chemical methods, 53.8% used cultural control, and 11.5% used natural control methods. However, none of the farmers used bio-pesticide/biological control methods. In conclusion: farmers are aware of the disease shifts in response to different climate variability but seem unaware of the negative effects of extensive chemical use, nor existence of alternative bio-pesticide/biological disease management strategies.

scholarly journals Developing an Integrated Pest Management for the Control of Groundnut Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) [Homoptera: Aphididae] in Ganye Area Adamawa State-Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Oaya C. S.
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Physical Control ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Number Of Branches

Field experiment was carried out under rain-fed conditions during the 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, solely to develop an integrated pest management for the control of groundnut Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) [Homoptera: Aphididae]. The experimental Design used was the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Parameters measured were, average number of leaves per plot at 6 weeks after sowing, number of branches at 3 weeks after sowing, number of branches at 6 weeks after sowing, number of pods per plot, weight of harvested seeds per plot. The result obtained shows that, there was significant difference among the treatments in all the parameters measured at 0.05 level of probability using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). According to the results recorded, the highest mean yield of groundnut was obtained on plots treated with the combination of chemical and physical control methods (1444g) followed by plots treated with physical, chemical and cultural control methods combined (1296g). The highest mean number of pods per plant was recorded in the combination of physical, chemical and cultural control methods (18.00) followed by chemical and physical control methods as combined (15.00). The work shows that, the cultivation of groundnut with the control of groundnut Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) using integrated pest control applied as recommended facilitates better growth and guarantees good crop yield. The use of physical, chemical and cultural control method is profitable in Ganye Area of Adamawa State and is therefore suggested for use to local farmers.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Studies for Striga asiatica Resistance in Tropical Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Arthur Pfunye ◽  
Rwafa Rwafa ◽  
Stanford Mabasa ◽  
Edmore Gasura
Keyword(s):  
Snp Markers ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Striga Asiatica ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Striga Resistance

Striga asiatica L. is a parasitic weed in cereal crops including maize leading to tremendous yield losses up to 100% under severe infestation. The available S. asiatica control methods include cultural control options such as uprooting and burning the Striga plants before they flower, field sanitation, crop rotation, intercropping, organic matter usage, improved fallows, and application of herbicides. Resource limitation among smallholder farmers renders almost all of the control methods impossible. Development and use of Striga resistant genotypes are seen as the most feasible management option. Marker identification formulates tools that are faster, cheaper, and easier to utilise in breeding for S. asiatica resistance which has low heritability. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for Striga resistance using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Genotyping by sequencing was done on tropical maize inbred lines followed by their evaluation for Striga resistance. Analysis of variance showed significant ( p < 0.05 ) variation among evaluated genotypes for Striga resistance traits such as germination distance, germination percentage, haustoria root attachments, total Striga plants emerged, total biomass, and growth rate. There were also significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) for cobs, leaves, stems, and roots weight. The broad sense heritability was fairly high (up to 61%) for most traits. The means for derived traits on stress tolerance indices were subjected to a t -test, and significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) were found for leaves, stem, roots, shoots, and total biomass. The Manhattan plots from GWAS showed the presence of three SNP markers on chromosome numbers 5, 6, and 7 for total Striga plants emerged. The identified markers for resistance to S. asiatica should be validated and utilised to breed for Striga resistance in tropical maize.

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