scholarly journals Rural Farmers’ Perceptions, Knowledge and Management of Insect Pests of Fruit Vegetables in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladele Abiodun Olaniran ◽  
Samuel Adelani Babarinde ◽  
Adeola Foluke Odewole ◽  
Peter Ademola Aremu ◽  
Kehinde Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Age Category ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Surveys were carried out in five local government areas of Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone Nigeria during planting season in 2010 to investigate rural farmers perceptions and management practices of insect pests of fruit vegetables. The survey involved 150 randomly selected farmers who were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Fruit vegetables planted by the farmers were okra, tomatoes, pepper and garden egg. Reasons given by farmers for cultivating fruit vegetables were significantly favored by age category, educational qualification, and secondary occupation of farmers (x2 = 4.757, P = 0.029). Field insect pests were perceived as the major production constraint to fruit vegetables in this zone. Majority of the farmer estimated 78.4 % rated insect pest as the most serious pest infesting fruit vegetables, the insect pests were grasshopper (Orthoptera), beetles (Coleoptera) and caterpillar (Lepidoptera). Integrated pest management module consisted basically of chemical and cultural control strategies, with weeding, shifting cultivation and crop rotation as main cultural control methods. More than 76.7 % of the farmers make use of cultural control because of unavailability and cost of chemical insecticides. Only 23.3 % had access to chemical insecticides in controlling insect pest of fruit vegetables.

scholarly journals Barriers to IPM adoption for insect pests in New Zealand pastures

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mansfield ◽  
Colin M. Ferguson ◽  
Toni White ◽  
Scott Hardwick ◽  
Sean D.G. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Share Information

New Zealand’s pastoral sector faces significant challenges to pest management as long-standing insecticides are deregistered. To protect their pastures, farmers need to shift from reactive responses that lead to poor economic outcomes to pre-emptive responses that are viable in the long term. Current management practices (insecticides, endophytes, biological control) for New Zealand’s pasture insect pests were assessed from the perspective of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Potential impacts from novel control strategies and emerging digital technologies were evaluated to determine how these could improve pest management. Cryptic IPM is present within the New Zealand pastoral sector: that is, farmers practise various elements of IPM but these elements are not integrated into a cohesive system, so farmers often fail to recognise pest impacts until significant economic losses have occurred. We identified important networks by which farmers, industry and researchers communicate and share information, and can develop strategies to raise awareness of IPM. To encourage adoption, farmers need to feel ownership of pasture IPM. Investment in IPM training for farmers through industry extension networks is essential to prepare farmers for the shift away from chemical insecticides to new biologically based control methods. Adoption of IPM will help pastoralists respond to current and new pest challenges.

CONTROLLING SUFETULA SPP.: A COCONUT INSECT PEST ON PEAT SOILS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. BONNEAU ◽  
M. HUSNI ◽  
L. BEAUDOIN-OLLIVIER ◽  
JOKO SUSILO
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
The Impact

We demonstrated experimentally that Sufetula, a root-mining insect, has a depressive effect on coconut yields on peat soils. The impact of the pest resulted in a shortfall in earnings that warranted taking control measures. We considered control methods suitable for rehabilitating infested mature coconut plantings and for preserving young coconut plantings. Currently, cultural control is the only effective method. It involves eliminating all identified shelters for the adult insect, i.e. fern cover and heaps of coconut waste (dry fronds and husks). The aim is to achieve totally bare soil, with moss cover that does not attract the pest, or planted with an unattractive intercrop such as pineapple.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Water Regimes and Spacing on Insect Pest Infestation and Efficacy of Control Measures in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. A. Oso ◽  
G. O. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
And Control

Aim: Information on the influence of water availability during different seasons of rainfed or irrigated agriculture as it relates to insect pest population build-up in crops could assist in the development of integrated pest management. A study was therefore conducted to investigate effects of spacing, pest infestation and control on cucumber under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Place and Duration of Study: At the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria during the 2016/2017 rainy and dry seasons. Methodology: The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split-plot arrangement in five replications, with spacing (60 x 60 cm, 60 x 90 cm and 60 x 120 cm) as the main plot treatments and the sub-plot treatments were different pest control strategies. The pest control strategies include synthetic insecticide (Lambda-cyhalothrin), botanical insecticide (Anogeissus leiocarpus) and control. Growth parameters and yield attributes were recorded. Insect pest occurrence, their build-up and percentage infestation on cucumber and the efficacy of the management strategies were monitored. Results: The results showed that yield was enhanced in irrigated system with the widest spacing of 60 x 120 cm botanical treatment interaction. Bemisia tabaci was the most prominent insect pest attacking cucumber under irrigated system. Conclusion: Other cultural control practices such as the use of trap crops with little or no financial implication should also be added to botanical pesticides as an integrated pest management tactic for effective management and control of the pest.

scholarly journals Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David William Hagstrum ◽  
Paul Whitney Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
And Control

Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

scholarly journals Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes on chamomile smooth beetle Olibrus aeneus and chamomile stem weevil Microplontus rugulosus under greenhouse conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil El-Wakeil ◽  
Nawal Gaafar ◽  
Abdellah Abdel-Moniem ◽  
Christa Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Adequate Management

Chamomile Matricaria recutita (L) is an ancient healing plant; it is used for a sore stomach, a mild laxative, anti-inflammatory and a gentle sleep aid. Chamomile plants are infected by many insect pests. The flower heads are infested by chamomile smooth beetle Olibrus aeneus (Fabricius 1792). The dangerous insect is infestation with chamomile stem-weevil Microplontus rugulosus (Autumn 1795). Their infestations lead to a high reduction in chamomile yield. This work aimed to determine the adequate management strategies of Microplontus rugulosus and Olibrus aeneus, especially using entomopathogenic nematodes. Management of chamomile insects was conducted on plants moved from field to greenhouse using entomopathogenic nematodes; while the control plants were sprayed only with water. The efficiency of three types of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) was evaluated; each strain replicated 3 times; each was 50 chamomile plants (totally is 150 for each strain). Three treatment dates were carried out in May, June and July; the first one was mainly for controlling stem weevil, while the other two dates were for smooth beetle. Steinernema carpocapsae had more efficiency than S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The lived larvae were higher in the untreated than treated plants. EPNS could be one of the most effective management strategies to control such insects to keep the environment clean and should be one of the suitable control strategies for integrated insect management practices which would be developed with the ecological requirements of insects in different chamomile fields.

scholarly journals Microbial Pesticides for Insect Pest Management: Success and Risk Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Mandla Rajashekhar ◽  
Banda Rajashekar ◽  
Eetela Sathyanarayana ◽  
M. C. Keerthi ◽  
Padala Vinod Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Microbial Pesticides ◽  
The World

Biotic stress is a major cause for pre and postharvest losses in agriculture. Food crops of the world are damaged by more than of 10,000 species of insects 30,000 species of weeds, 1,00, 000 types of diseases (due to fungi, viruses, bacteria and various microbes) and a 1,000 species of nematodes. Modern day management practices for the above specified stress factors largely depends on the utilization of synthetic pesticides. Pesticide misuse in numerous sectors of agriculture frequently has often linked to health issues and environmental pollution around the world. Thus, there is a growing interest in replacing or possibly supplementing the prevailing control strategies with new and safer techniques. One of the promising management tools in this new state of affairs for crop protection is microbial pesticides. At present, only 3% of plant protectants used globally are covered by bio pesticides, but their growth rate indicates an increasing trend in the past two decades. The discovery of insecticidal property of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) indicated a more extensive part of organism based natural control. Microbial pesticides comprise of a microorganisms (bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) or toxins produced by them as the active ingredient. The most commonly used microbial pesticides are entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium, Beauveria and Verticillium), entomopathogenic bacteria (Bt), entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) and baculoviruses (NPV and GV) which able to cause disease in insects. Microbial insecticides are promising alternative to ecologically disruptive pest control measures as they are no longer harmful to the environment and non target organisms. If deployed appropriately, microbial insecticides have capability to bring sustainability to global agriculture for food and food safety.

scholarly journals Farmers Status, Knowledge & Management Practices on Major Chickpea Insect Pests in Some Selected Zones of Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarekegn Fite ◽  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Mulugeta Negeri ◽  
Mulugeta Negeri ◽  
Hirpa Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Development Agents

Survey were undertaken in five zones of Oromiya and Amhara regional states, Ethiopia from February to March 2018 to investigate farmers’ status, knowledge, major chickpea production constraints and insect pest management practices of chickpea. The survey involved 293 randomly taken farmers, who are interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Chickpea insect pests were considered as the main, among production constraints of chickpea by most of the interviewed farmers in Ethiopia. The majority of the farmers’ responded that Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most prevalent insect pests of chickpea under field condition and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in storage. Development Agents (DAs) were the top pest advisory service providers in the current study. A conventional insecticide (namely; Lambda-cyhalotrin and Dimethoate) for the control of H. armigera was the most commonly used pest management methods. Moreover, Two times insecticide applications per cropping season were the most frequent, deployed by most of the interviewed farmers followed by cultural pest management practices. Use of biological control and resistant chickpea varieties against major insect pests were low to negligible in the current survey study in the area. The majority of the farmers began control decision when H. armigera larval stages were smaller and they did not consider larval number per chickpea plant for the decision. These results will be used to formulate future effective and sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) in chickpea for Ethiopian farmers emphasizing ecologically and economically-based approaches.

scholarly journals Seasonal diversity of entomofauna, their impact and management practices in tomato fields in Meru district, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 17952-17971
Author(s):  
Gabriel Michael ◽  
◽  
AMS Nyomora ◽  
EF Mvungi ◽  
EM Sangu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Frequent Application

Tomato is a highly cultivated vegetable in Tanzania. The intensive tomato cultivation and production in Tanzania has resulted in high pests and diseases build-up. A survey to identify and quantify entomofauna diversity in different seasons and pest management practices in Meru District was conducted. In addition, a laboratory experiment was done to assess the effectiveness of commonly used pesticides SnowBecco (Thiamethoxam)and Belt (Flubendiamide) against two dominating insect pests, white flies (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889)) and leaf miner (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917)), respectively. The results obtained revealed that, tomato fields in Meru District had significantly higher entomofauna build up during dry season than the rainy season (U0.05 (df, 24)= 45, p = 0.0441). More than 70% of all collected entomofauna were dominated by the whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and tomato leaf miners (Tuta absoluta) belonging to orders Hemiptera and Lepidoptera, respectively. It was also observed that, the common pesticides management practices were the use of pesticidal cocktail, broad spectrum insecticides, use of botanical pesticides, frequent application of pesticide and insecticides over dosage. Moreover, yield reduction due to whiteflies and tomato leaf miners infestation were observed in terms of reduced fruits number per plant (38 and 18.4%), fruit size (22.4 and 14.2%), and fruits weight per plant by 43.6 and 26.2%, for Bemisia tabaci and Tuta absoluta, respectively. The study showed that the recommended doses in both tested insecticides caused significant pest mortality (F0.05 (df, 19) = 4.367, p = 0.0199) and (F0.05(df, 19) = 4.761, p = 0.0147) for B. tabaci and T. absoluta, respectively, within a specified period of time. The results suggest that high insect pest infestations could be caused by factors other than development of insecticidal tolerance including inappropriate identification of insect pests due to lack of training, and inappropriate selection and application of insecticides. Consequently, frequent application of broad spectra insecticides not only increases production expenses but also disrupts agroecosystem by killing beneficial entomofauna and disrupting soil organisms that are susceptible to insecticide toxicity.

Diversity and abundance of insect pest of low land rice field in Lamahi, Dang district of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Anjali Gyawali ◽  
Bandana Regmi ◽  
Rameshwor Pudasaini ◽  
Namuna Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Normal Area ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper ◽  
Sweep Net

A study on diversity and abundance of insects in rice field was conducted at farmer field of Lamahi, Dang during July to October in 2019. Insects were collected using sweep net and light trap. Overall, 414 insect specimen representing 11 families and 8 orders were collected during the period. Grasshopper (23.98%) with including all species was the most abundance insect found in rice field as it followed by brown plant hopper (16.62%). Among the eight insect orders captured Orthoptera (29.16%) was the most abundance insect order followed by Homoptera (16.62%). As the diversity of insect pest in this area may responsible economic losses was found which will be useful to adapt appropriate management practices to keep them at normal area. The presence of natural enemies should conserve to enhance the natural biological control of insect pests.

scholarly journals Farmer’s Management Practices Adopted Against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.): A Survey of Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Kapil Kafle ◽  
Mahesh Jaishi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Insect pests are the major constraints of crop production. Mustard aphid is the major problems of rapeseed contributing mustard decline in Chitwan, Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted on randomly selected farmers of Chainpir Village Development Committee (VDC), Chitwan after a pre-testing in Mangalpur VDC to study the farmers’ knowledge and management practices adopted against mustard aphid in Chitwan. Study revealed majority (60%) of the respondent suggested aphid as the major insect of rapeseed and moreover, 86% of the respondent experienced it to cause 25% loss to the crop yield. Much proportion of respondents (58%) also realized low temperature with high humidity at the time of flowering as a cause in higher aphid infestation. Farmers use 2-3 sprays of chemical insecticide to control aphid but was found to destroy natural enemies and bee population besides damaging natural environment and human health. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 78-82

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