Protein, Fat, and Bone Tissue Growth in Swine

Injectable nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA) systems are highly promising biomaterials to address clinical needs in bone tissue regeneration, due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioinspired nature, and ability to be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. Bulk strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) is reported to encourage bone tissue growth by stimulating bone deposition and reducing bone resorption, but there are no detailed reports describing the preparation of a systematic substitution up to 100% at the nanoscale. The aim of this work was therefore to fabricate systematic series (0–100 atomic% Sr) of SrHA pastes and gels using two different rapid-mixing methodological approaches, wet precipitation and sol-gel. The full range of nanoscale SrHA materials were successfully prepared using both methods, with a measured substitution very close to the calculated amounts. As anticipated, the SrHA samples showed increased radiopacity, a beneficial property to aid in vivo or clinical monitoring of the material in situ over time. For indirect methods, the greatest cell viabilities were observed for the 100% substituted SrHA paste and gel, while direct viability results were most likely influenced by material disaggregation in the tissue culture media. It was concluded that nanoscale SrHAs were superior biomaterials for applications in bone surgery, due to increased radiopacity and improved biocompatibility.

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Chitosan/β-TCP composites scaffolds coated with silk fibroin: a bone tissue engineering approach

Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1088/1748-605x/ac355a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 015003

Author(s):

Lya Piaia ◽

Simone S Silva ◽

Joana M Gomes ◽

Albina R Franco ◽

Emanuel M Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Polymeric Scaffolds ◽

Bioactive Agents

Abstract Bone regeneration and natural repair are long-standing processes that can lead to uneven new tissue growth. By introducing scaffolds that can be autografts and/or allografts, tissue engineering provides new approaches to manage the major burdens involved in this process. Polymeric scaffolds allow the incorporation of bioactive agents that improve their biological and mechanical performance, making them suitable materials for bone regeneration solutions. The present work aimed to create chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds coated with silk fibroin and evaluate their potential for bone tissue engineering. Results showed that the obtained scaffolds have porosities up to 86%, interconnectivity up to 96%, pore sizes in the range of 60–170 μm, and a stiffness ranging from 1 to 2 MPa. Furthermore, when cultured with MC3T3 cells, the scaffolds were able to form apatite crystals after 21 d; and they were able to support cell growth and proliferation up to 14 d of culture. Besides, cellular proliferation was higher on the scaffolds coated with silk. These outcomes further demonstrate that the developed structures are suitable candidates to enhance bone tissue engineering.

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Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Powder Bed Selective Laser Processing: A Review

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14185338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5338

Author(s):

Nikhil Kamboj ◽

Antonia Ressler ◽

Irina Hussainova

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Laser Processing ◽

Selective Laser Sintering ◽

Fracture Site ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Powder Bed ◽

Bioactive Scaffolds ◽

Bioactive Ceramics ◽

Binder Free ◽

Calcium Silicates

The implementation of a powder bed selective laser processing (PBSLP) technique for bioactive ceramics, including selective laser sintering and melting (SLM/SLS), a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) approach is far more challenging when compared to its metallic and polymeric counterparts for the fabrication of biomedical materials. Direct PBSLP can offer binder-free fabrication of bioactive scaffolds without involving postprocessing techniques. This review explicitly focuses on the PBSLP technique for bioactive ceramics and encompasses a detailed overview of the PBSLP process and the general requirements and properties of the bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue growth. The bioactive ceramics enclosing calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium silicates (CS) and their respective composite scaffolds processed through PBSLP are also extensively discussed. This review paper also categorizes the bone regeneration strategies of the bioactive scaffolds processed through PBSLP with the various modes of functionalization through the incorporation of drugs, stem cells, and growth factors to ameliorate critical-sized bone defects based on the fracture site length for personalized medicine.

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Effect of strontium-containing on the properties of Mg-doped wollastonite bioceramic scaffolds

BioMedical Engineering OnLine ◽

10.1186/s12938-019-0739-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Su Wang ◽

Linlin Liu ◽

Xin Zhou ◽

Danfeng Yang ◽

Zhang’ao Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Proliferation Ability ◽

Mg Doped

Abstract Background Bone scaffold is one of the most effective methods to treat bone defect. The ideal scaffold of bone tissue should not only provide space for bone tissue growth, but also have sufficient mechanical strength to support the bone defect area. Moreover, the scaffold should provide a customized size or shape for the patient’s bone defect. Methods In this study, strontium-containing Mg-doped wollastonite (Sr-CSM) bioceramic scaffolds with controllable pore size and pore structure were manufactured by direct ink writing 3D printing. Biological properties of Sr-CSM scaffolds were evaluated by apatite formation ability, in vitro proliferation ability of rabbit bone-marrow stem cells (rBMSCs), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity using β-TCP and Mg-doped wollastonite (CSM) scaffolds as control. The compression strength of three scaffold specimens was probed after completely drying them while been submerged in Tris–HCl solution for 0, 2,4 and 6 weeks. Results The mechanical test results showed that strontium-containing Mg-doped wollastonite (Sr-CSM) scaffolds had acceptable initial compression strength (56 MPa) and maintained good mechanical stability during degradation in vitro. Biological experiments showed that Sr-CSM scaffolds had a better apatite formation ability. Cell experiments showed that Sr-CSM scaffold had a higher cell proliferation ability compared with β-TCP and CSM scaffold. The higher ALP activity of Sr-CSM scaffold indicates that it can better stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and bone mineralization. Conclusions Therefore, Sr-CSM scaffolds not only have acceptable compression strength, but also have higher osteogenesis bioactivity, which can be used in bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Fabrication, characterisation and in vitro biological activities of a sulfuretin-supplemented nanofibrous composite scaffold for tissue engineering

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra06648d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (56) ◽

pp. 44943-44952 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

YoungWon Koo ◽

Hyeongjin Lee ◽

Suji Kim ◽

No-Joon Song ◽

Jin-Mo Ku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Biological Component

A biocomposite consisting of PCL/BMP-2 and sulfuretin/alginate was proposed. Evaluation of in vitro cellular activities demonstrated that the sulfuretin can act as an outstanding biological component for enhancing bone tissue growth.

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Laser Surface Engineering of Hierarchy Hydroxyapatite Aerogel for Bone Tissue Engineering

Volume 1: Processes ◽

10.1115/msec2017-3035 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Pedram Parandoush ◽

Hanxiong Fan ◽

Xiaolei Song ◽

Dong Lin

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Laser Processing ◽

Laser Energy ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Human Bone ◽

Dense Layer ◽

Freeze Casting ◽

Porous Microstructure

Bioceramics with porous microstructure has attracted intense attention in tissue engineering due to tissue growth facilitation in the human body. In the present work, a novel manufacturing process for producing hydroxyapatite (HA) aerogels with a high density shell inspired by human bone microstructure is proposed for bone tissue engineering applications. This method combines laser processing and traditional freeze casting in which HA aerogel is prepared by freeze casting and aqueous suspension prior to laser processing of the aerogel surface with a focused CO2 laser beam that forms a dense layer on top of the porous microstructure. Using the proposed method, HA aerogel with dense shell was successfully prepared with a microstructure similar to human bone. The effect of laser process parameters on surface and cross-sectional morphology and microstructure was investigated in order to obtain optimum parameters and have a better understanding of the process. Low laser energy resulted in fragile surface with defects and cracks due to low temperature and inability of laser to fully melt the surface while high laser energy caused thermal damage both to surface and microstructure. The range of 40–45 W laser power, 5 mm/s scanning speed, spot size of 1 mmm and 50 % overlap in laser scanning the surface yielded the best surface morphology and micro structure in our experiments.

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Nutrient transport in bioreactors for bone tissue growth: Why do hollow fibre membrane bioreactors work?

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/j.ces.2008.09.017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 109-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

N.S. Abdullah ◽

D.R. Jones ◽

D.B. Das

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Nutrient Transport ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Membrane Bioreactors ◽

Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽

Fibre Membrane

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Alveolar Mandible Osteoplasty with Combined Bone Transplants

Creative Surgery and Oncology ◽

10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-3-199-208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 199-208

Author(s):

N. E. Selsky ◽

A. V. Trokhalin ◽

D. M. Mukhamadiev

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Study Groups ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Bone Transplants ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Jaw Atrophy

Introduction. There are various osteoplasty methods aimed at managing the challenge of jaw atrophy. When the scope of the osteoplasty is extensive it is not always possible to prepare an appropriate amount of bone tissue without additional surgeries. In some cases there is a lack of intraoral bone tissue sources for this kind of operations. Using extraoral sources of bone tissue is not always justified; it is invasive and patients take longer to recover and return to work. Using alternative sources of bone biomaterials might help establish a less invasive osteoplasty protocol.Goal. To demonstrate the efficiency of alveolar ridge osteoplasty with the application of laminar technique and using various combinations of autograft and allograft tissues.Materials and methods. To achieve the goal set we have examined and treated fourteen patients (N=14) surgically. All patients presented a clinical picture of severe atrophy in dentoalveolar segments 3 and 4, knife-edged ridge, Cawood and Howell class IV–V. Depending on the combination of autograft and allograft biomaterials patients were split into three study groups and one control group.Results and discussion. Positive outcomes for the treatment administered were observed in 13 out of 14 patients. Complications were determined by the lack of soft tissue, exposure of the graft or its suppuration. All the patients in all the groups underwent a control CT which confirmed the bone tissue growth at the area of the augmentation performed.Conclusion. Using the bone biomaterial allograft in combination with autograft bone makes it possible to get good clinical results in all the groups observed. This method may be a method of choice eliminating the additional invasive procedure of bone transplant harvesting; it does, however, require further, more detailed research.

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