Effect of strontium-containing on the properties of Mg-doped wollastonite bioceramic scaffolds

Abstract Background Bone scaffold is one of the most effective methods to treat bone defect. The ideal scaffold of bone tissue should not only provide space for bone tissue growth, but also have sufficient mechanical strength to support the bone defect area. Moreover, the scaffold should provide a customized size or shape for the patient’s bone defect. Methods In this study, strontium-containing Mg-doped wollastonite (Sr-CSM) bioceramic scaffolds with controllable pore size and pore structure were manufactured by direct ink writing 3D printing. Biological properties of Sr-CSM scaffolds were evaluated by apatite formation ability, in vitro proliferation ability of rabbit bone-marrow stem cells (rBMSCs), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity using β-TCP and Mg-doped wollastonite (CSM) scaffolds as control. The compression strength of three scaffold specimens was probed after completely drying them while been submerged in Tris–HCl solution for 0, 2,4 and 6 weeks. Results The mechanical test results showed that strontium-containing Mg-doped wollastonite (Sr-CSM) scaffolds had acceptable initial compression strength (56 MPa) and maintained good mechanical stability during degradation in vitro. Biological experiments showed that Sr-CSM scaffolds had a better apatite formation ability. Cell experiments showed that Sr-CSM scaffold had a higher cell proliferation ability compared with β-TCP and CSM scaffold. The higher ALP activity of Sr-CSM scaffold indicates that it can better stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and bone mineralization. Conclusions Therefore, Sr-CSM scaffolds not only have acceptable compression strength, but also have higher osteogenesis bioactivity, which can be used in bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

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A Proposed Fabrication Method of Novel PCL-GEL-HAp Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Advanced Composites Letters ◽

10.1177/096369351001900401 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 096369351001900 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. Hamlekhan ◽

M. Mozafari ◽

N. Nezafati ◽

M. Azami ◽

H. Hadipour

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Mouse Fibroblast ◽

Fabrication Method ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Poly Caprolactone

In this study, poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL), gelatin (GEL) and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) was applied to fabricate novel PCL-GEL-HAp nanaocomposite scaffolds through a new fabrication method. With the aim of finding the best fabrication method, after testing different methods and solvents, the best method and solvents were found, and the nanocomposites were prepared through layer solvent casting combined with freeze-drying. Acetone and distillated water were used as the PCL and GEL solvents, respectively. The mechanical test showed that the increasing of the PCL weight through the scaffolds caused the improvement of the final nanocomposite mechanical behavior due to the increasing of the ultimate stress, stiffness and elastic modulus (8 MPa for 0% wt PCL to 23.5 MPa for 50% wt PCL). The biomineralization investigation of the scaffolds revealed the formation of bone-like apatite layers after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the in vitro cytotoxity of the scaffolds using L929 mouse fibroblast cell line (ATCC) indicated no sign of toxicity. These results indicated that the fabricated scaffold possesses the prerequisites for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Osteogenesis and Degradability of Bioresorbable Biphasic Gypsum-Carbonated Apatite Granules for Bone Tissue Engineering

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.705.297 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 705 ◽

pp. 297-303

Author(s):

Shirin Ibrahim ◽

Syazana Abu Bakar ◽

Mohamad Azmirruddin Ahmad ◽

Nurul Awanis Johan ◽

Siti Farhana Hisham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Carbonated Apatite

Osteogenesis and degradability of bioresorbable biphasic gypsum-carbonated apatite granules (BPG) were investigated. Three different sizes of gypsum, 300-600 μm (small), 600-1000 μm (medium) and 1000-2000 μm (large), denoted as S, M and L respectively, were developed through the crushing and sieving method. Exposure of gypsum granules in carbonate and phosphate sources formed BPG through dissolution and precipitation mechanism. BPG was firstly examined by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) to confirm its phase and chemical composition respectively. In-vitro cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and adhesion of human osteoblast (hFOB) were investigated for osteogenesis evaluation. Degradability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was characterized by weight loss whereas apatite mineralization on the BPG surface was examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). BPG with 300-600 μm and 600-1000 μm enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hFOB and accelerated differentiation process better than 1000-2000 μm as indicated by cell proliferation and ALP activity. Good hFOB adhesion was observed on all BPG surfaces. The weight loss of L and M was 68% and 59%, respectively, which are higher than S at only 32%, indicating faster degradation of large BPG compared to smaller granules upon immersion for 35 days. This in turn, suggested the ionic dissolution of BPG which has contributed to the apatite formation on its surface. The results suggest, the BPG mimicked the bone matrix, exhibited good osteogenesis and degradability, which might be used as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering.

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Fabrication, characterisation and in vitro biological activities of a sulfuretin-supplemented nanofibrous composite scaffold for tissue engineering

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra06648d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (56) ◽

pp. 44943-44952 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

YoungWon Koo ◽

Hyeongjin Lee ◽

Suji Kim ◽

No-Joon Song ◽

Jin-Mo Ku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Biological Component

A biocomposite consisting of PCL/BMP-2 and sulfuretin/alginate was proposed. Evaluation of in vitro cellular activities demonstrated that the sulfuretin can act as an outstanding biological component for enhancing bone tissue growth.

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Critical Long Bone Defect Treated by Magnetic Scaffolds and Fixed by Permanent Magnets

ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1115/nemb2013-93193 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Russo ◽

Silvia Panseri ◽

Tatiana Shelyakova ◽

Monica Sandri ◽

Chiara Dionigi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Long Bone ◽

Bone Scaffold ◽

Finite Element Software ◽

Magnetic Forces ◽

Long Bone Defect

Diaphyseal bone defect represents a significant problem for orthopaedic surgeons and patients. In order to improve and fasten bone regenerating process we implanted HA biodegradable magnetized scaffolds in a large animal model critical bone defect. A critical long bone defect was created in 6 sheep metatarsus diaphysis; then we implanted a novel porous ceramic composite scaffold (20.0 mm in length; 6.00 mm inner diameter and 17.00 mm outer diameter), made of Hydroxyapatite that incorporates magnetite (HA/Mgn 90/10), proximally fixated by two small cylindrical permanent parylene coated NdFeB magnets (one 6.00 mm diameter magnetic rod firmly incorporated into the scaffold and one 8.00 mm diameter magnetic rods fitted into proximal medullary canal, both 10.00 mm long); to give stability to the complex bone-scaffold-bone, screws and plate was used as a bridge. Scaffolds biocompatibility was previously assessed in vitro using human osteoblast-like cells. Magnetic forces through scaffold were calculated by finite element software (COMSOL Multiphysics, AC/DC Model). One week after surgery, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were injected at the mid portion of the scaffold using a cutaneous marker positioned during surgery as reference point. After sixteen weeks, sheep were sacrificed to analyze metatarsi. Macroscopical, radiological and microCT examinations were performed. Macroscopical examination shows bone tissue formation inside scaffold pores and with complete coverage of scaffolds, in particular at magnetized bone-scaffold interface. X-rays show a good integration of the scaffold with a good healing process of critical bone defect, and without scaffolds mobilization. These datas were confirmed by the microCT that shown new formation of bone inside the scaffolds, in particular at magnetized bone-scaffold interface. These preliminary results lead our research to exploiting magnetic forces to stimulate bone formation, as attested in both in vitro and in vivo models and to improve fixation at bone scaffold interface, as calculated by finite element software, and moreover to guide targeted drug delivery without functionalized magnetic nanoparticles dissemination in all body. Histological analysis will be performed to confirm and quantify bone tissue regeneration at both interfaces.

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Reconstruction of Bone Defect Based on the Fusion of Osteoblasts and MSM/HA/PLGA Porous Scaffolds

10.1101/2020.04.15.042713 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

weiling huo ◽

Xiaodong Wu ◽

Yancheng zheng ◽

Jian Cheng ◽

Qiang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Release Time ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Polymer Scaffolds ◽

Experimental Basis

Reconstruction of bone defect is one of the difficult problems in orthopedic treatment, and bone tissue scaffold implantation is the most promising direction of bone defect reconstruction. In this study, we used the combination of HA (Hydroxyapatite) and PLGA [Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)] in the construction of polymer scaffolds, and introduced bioactive MSM (Methyl sulfonyl methane) into polymer scaffolds to prepare porous scaffolds. The osteoblasts, isolated and cultured in vitro, were seeded in the porous scaffolds to construct tissue-engineered scaffolds. Meanwhile, the model of rabbit radius defect was constructed to evaluate the biological aspects of five tissue-engineered scaffolds, which provided experimental basis for the application of the porous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The SEM characterization showed the pore size of porous scaffolds was uniform and the porosity was about 90%. The results of contact Angle testing suggested that the hydrophobic porous scaffold surface could effectively promote cell adhesion and cell proliferation, while mechanical property test showed good machinability. The results of drug loading and release efficiency of MSM showed that porous scaffolds could load MSM efficiently and prolong the release time of MSM. In vitro incubation of porous scaffolds and osteoblasts showed that the addition of a small quantity of MSM could promote the infiltration and proliferation of osteoblasts on the porous scaffolds. Similar results were obtained by implanting the tissue-engineered scaffolds, fused with the osteoblasts and MSM/HA/PLGA porous scaffolds, into the rabbit radius defect, which provided experimental basis for the application of the MSM/HA/PLGA porous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.

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Characterization and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite-ZrO2 Composites with Commercial Inert Glass (CIG) Addition

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.166 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 631 ◽

pp. 166-172

Author(s):

B. Bulut ◽

N. Demirkol ◽

Ziya Engin Erkmen ◽

E.S. Kayali

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Vickers Microhardness ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Main Component

Hydroxyapatite is a kind of calcium phosphate that has generated great interest as an advanced orthopedic and dental implant candidate. Although HA has excellent biocompatibility, it’s poor mechanical properties limit its use as an implant material. Therefore HA is preferred as a main component in composite materials. The aim of this study is to determine the characterization and bioactivity of HA-ZrO2composites with the addition of 5 and 10 wt% commercial inert glass (CIG). The highest density and Vickers microhardness were obtained in HA-ZrO2-5 wt% CIG composite sintered at 1300 °C. The highest compression strength was measured in HA-ZrO2-5 wt% CIG composite sintered at 1200 °C. Thein vitrobioactivity tests were performed on the composites having the highest physical and mechanical properties. The apatite formation was observed on all samples subjected to bioactivity tests. As a result, the optimum mechanical properties and bioactivity were obtained on HA-ZrO2- 5 wt% CIG composite sintered at 1200 °C.

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Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube-based polysaccharide–hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra16709h ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (85) ◽

pp. 82385-82393 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. Rajesh ◽

Y. Dominic Ravichandran ◽

M. Jeevan Kumar Reddy ◽

Sung Hun Ryu ◽

A. M. Shanmugharaj

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Gellan Gum ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽

First Time

fMWCNT–amylopectin–HAP and fMWCNT–gellan gum–HAP were prepared and characterized and their in vitro cell proliferation and ALP activity were checked for the first time.

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Use of calcium phosphate cement scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: in vitro study

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502011000100003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Taís Somacal Novaes Silva ◽

Bruno Tochetto Primo ◽

Aurelício Novaes Silva Júnior ◽

Denise Cantarelli Machado ◽

Christian Viezzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Human Donor ◽

Osteogenic Cells ◽

Alp Activity ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of macroporous tricalcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds to enable the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow. Methods: Cells from the iliac crest of an adult human donor were processed and cultured on macroporous CPC discs. Paraffin spheres sized between 100 and 250µm were used as porogens. Cells were cultured for 5, 10, and 15 days. Next, we assessed cells' behavior and morphology on the biomaterial by scanning electron microscopy. The expression levels of the BGLA and SSP1 genes and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were quantified by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique (QT-PCR) using the fluorophore SYBR GREEN®. Results: QT-PCR detected the expression of the BGLA and SSP1 genes and the ALP activity in the periods of 10 and 15 days of culture. Thus, we found out that there was cell proliferation and differentiation in osteogenic cells. Conclusion: Macroporous CPC, with pore sized between 100 and 250µm and developed using paraffin spheres, enables adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenic cells and can be used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

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