scholarly journals Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Powder Bed Selective Laser Processing: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5338
Author(s):  
Nikhil Kamboj ◽  
Antonia Ressler ◽  
Irina Hussainova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Bioactive Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Ceramics ◽  
Binder Free ◽  
Calcium Silicates

The implementation of a powder bed selective laser processing (PBSLP) technique for bioactive ceramics, including selective laser sintering and melting (SLM/SLS), a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) approach is far more challenging when compared to its metallic and polymeric counterparts for the fabrication of biomedical materials. Direct PBSLP can offer binder-free fabrication of bioactive scaffolds without involving postprocessing techniques. This review explicitly focuses on the PBSLP technique for bioactive ceramics and encompasses a detailed overview of the PBSLP process and the general requirements and properties of the bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue growth. The bioactive ceramics enclosing calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium silicates (CS) and their respective composite scaffolds processed through PBSLP are also extensively discussed. This review paper also categorizes the bone regeneration strategies of the bioactive scaffolds processed through PBSLP with the various modes of functionalization through the incorporation of drugs, stem cells, and growth factors to ameliorate critical-sized bone defects based on the fracture site length for personalized medicine.

Laser Surface Engineering of Hierarchy Hydroxyapatite Aerogel for Bone Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Parandoush ◽  
Hanxiong Fan ◽  
Xiaolei Song ◽  
Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Freeze Casting ◽  
Porous Microstructure

Bioceramics with porous microstructure has attracted intense attention in tissue engineering due to tissue growth facilitation in the human body. In the present work, a novel manufacturing process for producing hydroxyapatite (HA) aerogels with a high density shell inspired by human bone microstructure is proposed for bone tissue engineering applications. This method combines laser processing and traditional freeze casting in which HA aerogel is prepared by freeze casting and aqueous suspension prior to laser processing of the aerogel surface with a focused CO2 laser beam that forms a dense layer on top of the porous microstructure. Using the proposed method, HA aerogel with dense shell was successfully prepared with a microstructure similar to human bone. The effect of laser process parameters on surface and cross-sectional morphology and microstructure was investigated in order to obtain optimum parameters and have a better understanding of the process. Low laser energy resulted in fragile surface with defects and cracks due to low temperature and inability of laser to fully melt the surface while high laser energy caused thermal damage both to surface and microstructure. The range of 40–45 W laser power, 5 mm/s scanning speed, spot size of 1 mmm and 50 % overlap in laser scanning the surface yielded the best surface morphology and micro structure in our experiments.

Laser Surface Engineering of Hierarchy Hydroxyapatite Aerogel for Bone Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Parandoush ◽  
Hanxiong Fan ◽  
Xiaolei Song ◽  
Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Freeze Casting ◽  
Porous Microstructure

Bioceramics with porous microstructure has attracted intense attention in tissue engineering due to tissue growth facilitation in the human body. In the present work, a novel manufacturing process for producing hydroxyapatite (HA) aerogels with a high density shell inspired by human bone microstructure is proposed for bone tissue engineering applications. This method combines laser processing and traditional freeze casting, in which HA aerogel is prepared by freeze casting and aqueous suspension prior to laser processing of the aerogel surface with a focused CO2 laser beam that forms a dense layer on top of the porous microstructure. Using the proposed method, HA aerogel with dense shell was successfully prepared with a microstructure similar to human bone. The effect of laser process parameters on the surface, cross-sectional morphology and microstructure was investigated in order to obtain optimum parameters and has a better understanding of the process. Low laser energy resulted in a fragile thin surface with defects and cracks due to the thermal stress induced by the laser processing. However, increasing the laser power generated a thicker dense layer on the surface, free of defects. The range of 40–45 W laser power, 5 mm/s scanning speed, spot size of 1 mm, and 50% overlap in laser scanning the surface yielded the best surface morphology and microstructure in our experiments.

Researches Concerning the Phenomena at the Interface for the Sintered Compacts of Titan-Hydroxyapatite

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Irinel Băilă
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Ti Powder

The behaviour of metallic powders is very important for manufacturing parts and for realize the prototypes. Manufacturing of the orthopaedic implants by selective laser sintering process can be used in medicine. The powders necessary for SLS process are biomaterials who must assure a good osteointegration of endobone implants like the Ti powder (Ti-6Al-4V) and the hydroxyapatite powder. The conditioned powders is a very important process and is necessary in SLS to obtain medical prothesis and influence the final properties of prothesis. Materials must present a gradient for porosity and one for composition (presents of a bioactive phase in titan matrix). The exterior porosity, in the contact zones with the bone tissue, favors the incipient cellular processes (the adhesion and attachment of osteoblastes, proliferation and cellular differentiation and nucleation of mineral bone). The pores must be open and with a specific surface more great. Its preferred the exterior intercommunicating porosity. The presence of phosphates of calcium in the contact zone of the implant with bone favors the mineral kernel on bone. The report Ca/P of phosphates mineral bone has an ascending evolution towards 10/6 according to hydroxyapatite.

scholarly journals Nanoscale Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Pastes and Gels for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Harrison ◽  
Paul V. Hatton ◽  
Piergiorgio Gentile ◽  
Cheryl A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Bone Deposition

Injectable nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA) systems are highly promising biomaterials to address clinical needs in bone tissue regeneration, due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioinspired nature, and ability to be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. Bulk strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) is reported to encourage bone tissue growth by stimulating bone deposition and reducing bone resorption, but there are no detailed reports describing the preparation of a systematic substitution up to 100% at the nanoscale. The aim of this work was therefore to fabricate systematic series (0–100 atomic% Sr) of SrHA pastes and gels using two different rapid-mixing methodological approaches, wet precipitation and sol-gel. The full range of nanoscale SrHA materials were successfully prepared using both methods, with a measured substitution very close to the calculated amounts. As anticipated, the SrHA samples showed increased radiopacity, a beneficial property to aid in vivo or clinical monitoring of the material in situ over time. For indirect methods, the greatest cell viabilities were observed for the 100% substituted SrHA paste and gel, while direct viability results were most likely influenced by material disaggregation in the tissue culture media. It was concluded that nanoscale SrHAs were superior biomaterials for applications in bone surgery, due to increased radiopacity and improved biocompatibility.

Chitosan/β-TCP composites scaffolds coated with silk fibroin: a bone tissue engineering approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 015003
Author(s):  
Lya Piaia ◽  
Simone S Silva ◽  
Joana M Gomes ◽  
Albina R Franco ◽  
Emanuel M Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Abstract Bone regeneration and natural repair are long-standing processes that can lead to uneven new tissue growth. By introducing scaffolds that can be autografts and/or allografts, tissue engineering provides new approaches to manage the major burdens involved in this process. Polymeric scaffolds allow the incorporation of bioactive agents that improve their biological and mechanical performance, making them suitable materials for bone regeneration solutions. The present work aimed to create chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds coated with silk fibroin and evaluate their potential for bone tissue engineering. Results showed that the obtained scaffolds have porosities up to 86%, interconnectivity up to 96%, pore sizes in the range of 60–170 μm, and a stiffness ranging from 1 to 2 MPa. Furthermore, when cultured with MC3T3 cells, the scaffolds were able to form apatite crystals after 21 d; and they were able to support cell growth and proliferation up to 14 d of culture. Besides, cellular proliferation was higher on the scaffolds coated with silk. These outcomes further demonstrate that the developed structures are suitable candidates to enhance bone tissue engineering.

Protein, Fat, and Bone Tissue Growth in Swine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Morel ◽  
Cornelis F Lange ◽  
Stephen Birkett
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth

scholarly journals Setting the Optimal Laser Power for Sustainable Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Elastomeric Polyesters: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Ruben Vande Ryse ◽  
Mariya Edeleva ◽  
Ortwijn Van Stichel ◽  
Dagmar R. D’hooge ◽  
Frederik Pille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Power ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Bed Temperature

Additive manufacturing (AM) of polymeric materials offers many benefits, from rapid prototyping to the production of end-use material parts. Powder bed fusion (PBF), more specifically selective laser sintering (SLS), is a very promising AM technology. However, up until now, most SLS research has been directed toward polyamide powders. In addition, only basic models have been put forward that are less directed to the identification of the most suited operating conditions in a sustainable production context. In the present combined experimental and theoretical study, the impacts of several SLS processing parameters (e.g., laser power, part bed temperature, and layer thickness) are investigated for a thermoplastic elastomer polyester by means of colorimetric, morphological, physical, and mechanical analysis of the printed parts. It is shown that an optimal SLS processing window exists in which the printed polyester material presents a higher density and better mechanical properties as well as a low yellowing index, specifically upon using a laser power of 17–20 W. It is further highlighted that the current models are not accurate enough at predicting the laser power at which thermal degradation occurs. Updated and more fundamental equations are therefore proposed, and guidelines are formulated to better assess the laser power for degradation and the maximal temperature achieved during sintering. This is performed by employing the reflection and absorbance of the laser light and taking into account the particle size distribution of the powder material.

Physical Modeling for Selective Laser Sintering Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Gobal ◽  
Bahram Ravani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Selective Heating

The process of selective laser sintering (SLS) involves selective heating and fusion of powdered material using a moving laser beam. Because of its complicated manufacturing process, physical modeling of the transformation from powder to final product in the SLS process is currently a challenge. Existing simulations of transient temperatures during this process are performed either using finite-element (FE) or discrete-element (DE) methods which are either inaccurate in representing the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or computationally expensive to be practical in large-scale industrial applications. In this work, a new computational model for physical modeling of the transient temperature of the powder bed during the SLS process is developed that combines the FE and the DE methods and accounts for the dynamic changes of particle contact areas in the HAZ. The results show significant improvements in computational efficiency over traditional DE simulations while maintaining the same level of accuracy.

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