THE STABILITY OF INTELLIGENCE IN SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA) CHILDREN AS A FUNCTION OF HEAD GROWTH DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE • 1162

We studied the demographic and clinical characteristic, risk factors, outcomes of full-term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in China. A retrospective case-control study that included 1981 SGA infants was conducted; the demographic and clinical data between SGA infants born to mothers with and without GDM were compared. Of 383 SGA infants born to mothers with GDM, 221 (57.7%) were female, and the incidence of these infants was 1 in 155 live births. The risk of SGA siblings (RR, 1.88; 95% CI, [1.23–2.86]), low 1- and 5-min Apgar scores (RR,2.04 and 4.21; 95%CI [1.05–4.00] and [1.05–16.89], respectively), early thrombocytopenia (RR, 3.39; 95%CI, [1.33–8.64]), hypoglycemia(RR, 2.49; 95%CI, [1.55–3.98]), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (RR,5.61; 95%CI, [1.25–25.18]) were increased in SGA infants born to mothers with GDM compared to SGA infants born to mothers without GDM. SGA girls born to mothers with GDM had a significantly higher ratio of catch-up growth (CUG) (RR, 1.73; 95%CI, [1.18–2.54]) in the first year of life. These results show that genetic factors may be one of the etiologies of SGA infants born to mothers with GDM; and these infants have more adverse perinatal outcomes compared to SGA infants born to mothers without GDM. SGA girls born to mothers with GDM had accelerated CUG in the first year of life.

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Kidney development in the first year of life in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants

Pediatric Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00247-005-1506-7 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 991-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Efthalia Hotoura ◽

Maria Argyropoulou ◽

Frederica Papadopoulou ◽

Vasilios Giapros ◽

Aikaterini Drougia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Kidney Development ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Bone Maturation as a Predictive Factor of Catch-Up Growth During the First Year of Life in Born Small for Gestational Age Infants: A Prospective Study

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2020.00147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Giorgia Pepe ◽

Mariarosa Calafiore ◽

Mariella Valenzise ◽

Domenico Corica ◽

Letteria Morabito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Predictive Factor ◽

First Year ◽

Bone Maturation ◽

Catch Up ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

First Year Of Life

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Neurological development of small-for-gestational age babies during the first year of life

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/0378-3782(88)90096-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (2-3) ◽

pp. 163-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. Ounsted ◽

V.A. Moar ◽

A. Scott

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

First Year ◽

Neurological Development ◽

First Year Of Life

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Early Clinical Infancy Outcomes for Microcephaly and/or Small for Gestational Age Zika-Exposed Infants

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz704 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 2663-2672 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristina Adachi ◽

Tahmineh Romero ◽

Karin Nielsen-Saines ◽

Sheila Pone ◽

Mitsue Aibe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Growth Trajectories ◽

First Year ◽

Z Score ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Zika-exposed infants with microcephaly (proportional or disproportional) and those who are small for gestational age without microcephaly should be closely followed, particularly their growth trajectories. They are at high risk of adverse outcomes in the first year of life. Antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure may lead to adverse infant outcomes including microcephaly and being small for gestational age (SGA). ZIKV-exposed infants with a diagnosis of microcephaly (proportional [PM] or disproportional [DM]) or SGA at birth were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and health outcomes. Methods Infants had laboratory-confirmed ZIKV exposure in Brazil. PM, DM, or SGA classification was based on head circumference and weight. First-year growth parameters and clinical outcomes were recorded with analyses performed. Results Among the 156 ZIKV-exposed infants, 14 (9.0%) were SGA, 13 (8.3%) PM, 13 (8.3%) DM, and 116 (74.4%) were neither SGA nor had microcephaly (NSNM). High rates of any neurologic, ophthalmologic, and hearing abnormalities were observed for PM (100%), DM (100%), and SGA (42.9%) vs NSNM infants (18.3%; P <.001); odds ratio [OR], 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–10.7) for SGA vs NSNM. Neuroimaging abnormalities were seen in 100% of PM and DM and in 42.9% of SGA vs NSNM infants 16%; (P <.001); OR 3.9 (95% CI, 1.2–12.8) for SGA vs NSNM. Growth rates by z score, particularly for microcephaly infants, were poor after birth but showed improvement beyond 4 months of life. Conclusions ZIKV-exposed infants with microcephaly (PM and DM) had similarly high rates of adverse outcomes but showed improvement in growth measurements beyond 4 months of life. While SGA infants had fewer adverse outcomes compared with microcephaly infants, notable adverse outcomes were observed in some; their odds of having adverse outcomes were 3 to 4 times greater compared to NSNM infants. Zika-exposed infants with microcephaly, irrespective of being proportional or disproportional, and those who are small for gestational age without microcephaly should be closely followed, particularly their growth trajectories. They are at high risk of adverse outcomes in the first year of life.

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Morbidity during the first year of life in small for gestational age infants.

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition ◽

10.1136/fn.75.1.f33 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. F33-F37 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

T Vik ◽

L Vatten ◽

T Markestad ◽

G Ahlsten ◽

G Jacobsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Growth patterns and nutritional status of small for gestational age infants in Malaysia during the first year of life

Child Health Nursing Research ◽

10.4094/chnr.2021.27.4.317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 317-327

Author(s):

Norain Ahmad ◽

Rosnah Sutan ◽

Azmi Mohd Tamil ◽

Noriah Hajib

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Well Being ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

First Year ◽

Significant Difference ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Infant Birth

Purpose: This study aimed to identify small for gestational age (SGA) infants' growth patterns, nutritional status, and associated factors.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at primary-care child health clinics in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The sample consisted of infants who fulfilled the criteria and were born in 2019. The anthropometric data of infants were assessed at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results: A total of 328 infants were analysed. In total, 27.7%(n=91) of the subjects were SGA infants, and 237 of them were not. Significant differences in the median weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores were observed between SGA and non-SGA infants at birth, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. There was a significant difference between the growth patterns of SGA and non-SGA infants. Birth weight and sex significantly predicted the nutritional status(stunting and underweight) of SGA infants during their first year of life.Conclusion: SGA infants can catch up to achieve normal growth during their first year of life. Even though the nutritional status of SGA infants trends worse than non-SGA infants, adequate infant birth weight monitoring and an emphasis on nutritional advice are crucial for maintaining well-being.

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Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants: behavioral aspects in first year

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20140096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bernadete Mello ◽

Heloisa Gagliardo ◽

Vanda Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Infant Development ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Full Term ◽

First Year ◽

Behavior Rating Scale ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Test Materials ◽

State Liability

The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants in the first year of life. We prospectively evaluated 68 infants in the 2nd month, 67 in the 6th month and 69 in the 12th month. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). The groups were similar concerning the item “interest in test materials and stimuli”; there was a trend toward differences in the items “negative affect”, “hypersensitivity to test materials” and “adaptation to change in test materials”. The mean of Raw Score was significantly lower for the SGA group in the items “predominant state”, “liability of state of arousal”, “positive affect”, “soothability when upset”, “energy”, “exploration of objects and surroundings”, “orientation toward examiner”. A lower BRS score was associated with the SGA group in the 2nd month.

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