Performance Effects of Motivational State: A Meta-Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Utman
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Motivational State ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Researchers (e.g., Butler, 1987; Elliott & Dweck, 1988; Grolnick & Ryan, 1987) have recently studied the impact of two different motivational states and have hypothesized that attempting to attain mastery (learning goal) leads to better performance than attempting to demonstrate that one has high ability (performance goal). This article presents a meta-analysis of research in which motivational states are manipulated and confirms that learning goals lead to better performance than do performance goals. The results also indicate that the learning goal advantage may be limited to relatively complex tasks and that the learning goal advantage is smaller for young children than for older individuals. Further, the learning goal advantage was larger when learning goals were moderately pressuring and when participants were tested alone. Theoretical integration of various theories of motivation and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Request framing moderates the influence of affective images on charitable giving

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Genevsky ◽  
Brian Knutson ◽  
Carolyn Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Matching Effect ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Donation Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractFundraising organizations face difficult decisions regarding how to construct solicitations for donations. While these aid requests often include multiple salient features, their interactive effect on donation behavior and the psychological mechanisms that underlie their combined influence remain unclear. In six studies utilizing online and laboratory samples, as well as hypothetical and real incentives, we examine whether and how request framing moderates the impact of positive and negative images on charitable giving. Across all studies and in a single-paper meta-analysis, the influence of affective images on giving was moderated by the valence of request framing, such that affectively matched features most effectively elicited donations. Further, donors’ experienced positive affect could account for this matching effect – even in cases of matched negative features. These findings suggest that organizations can increase the effectiveness of aid requests by focusing on the affective match of request features. This work integrates previously discrepant findings on the impact of affect on donations and holds both conceptual implications for how affect can influence giving and practical implications for organizations seeking to design optimally effective requests for aid.

The Impact of Vulnerability to and Severity of a Health Risk on Processing and Acceptance of Fear-Arousing Communications: A Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha de Hoog ◽  
Wolfgang Stroebe ◽  
John B. F. de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Defensive Processing ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

This meta-analysis of studies of the persuasive impact of fear appeals evaluated the contribution of our stage model of the processing of fear-arousing communications relative to other fear appeal theories. In contrast to other theories, our stage model (a) specifies the cognitive processes underlying persuasion through fear-arousing communications, (b) proposes that threat-induced defensive processing does not interfere with the effectiveness of fear-arousing communications but actually contributes to it, and (c) predicts that vulnerability and severity manipulations have differential effects on measures of attitude as compared with intention and behavior. To evaluate these predictions, the authors expanded on previous meta-analyses by assessing the independent as well as joint effects of vulnerability to and severity of a risk, both on information processing and on measures of persuasion (attitude, intention, behavior). Overall, findings were consistent with the stage model. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

The Impact of Explicating Learning Goals on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluating a Learning Goal Visualization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Angela Fessl ◽  
Katharina Maitz ◽  
Sebastian Dennerlein ◽  
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A decade of evolving composites: regression- and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie D. Frowd ◽  
William B. Erickson ◽  
James M. Lampinen ◽  
Faye C. Skelton ◽  
Alex H. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Interview ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of seven variables that emerge from forensic research on facial-composite construction and naming using contemporary police systems: EvoFIT, Feature and Sketch. Design/methodology/approach – The paper involves regression- and meta-analyses on composite-naming data from 23 studies that have followed procedures used by police practitioners for forensic face construction. The corpus for analyses contains 6,464 individual naming responses from 1,069 participants in 41 experimental conditions. Findings – The analyses reveal that composites constructed from the holistic EvoFIT system were over four-times more identifiable than composites from “Feature” (E-FIT and PRO-fit) and Sketch systems; Sketch was somewhat more effective than Feature systems. EvoFIT was more effective when internal features were created before rather than after selecting hair and the other (blurred) external features. Adding questions about the global appearance of the face (as part of the holistic-cognitive interview (H-CI)) gives a valuable improvement in naming over the standard face-recall cognitive interview (CI) for all three system types tested. The analysis also confirmed that composites were considerably less effective when constructed from a long (one to two days) compared with a short (0-3.5 hours) retention interval. Practical implications – Variables were assessed that are of importance to forensic practitioners who construct composites with witnesses and victims of crime. Originality/value – Using a large corpus of forensically-relevant data, the main result is that EvoFIT using the internal-features method of construction is superior; an H-CI administered prior to face construction is also advantageous (cf. face-recall CI) for EvoFIT as well as for two further contrasting production systems.

An empirical study of the impact of goal orientation on individual ambidexterity – moderating roles of goal interdependence and constructive controversy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuting Xiang ◽  
Guoquan Chen ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Qiwei Zhou ◽  
Shuo Xing
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constructive Controversy ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Learning Goal Orientation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Goal Interdependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Performance Goal Orientation

Purpose Ambidexterity is the source of organizational sustainable development and long-term success. However, understanding the role of individual ambidexterity in organizations remains underdeveloped. Recently, scholars have increasingly emphasized the importance of individual ambidexterity, calling for more research on the topic. This study aims to explore the factors influencing individual ambidexterity. It proposed that goal orientation would be related to individual ambidexterity, and perceived cooperative goal interdependence and constructive controversy would play moderating roles in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a survey study. Questionnaires were distributed to enterprise managers from a part-time MBA program at a university located in Beijing, China. They were also asked to bring copies to their colleagues, so they could fill them out. The authors obtained 229 valid questionnaires and used hierarchical regression analysis to test the relationships. Findings The results revealed that both learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation were significantly and positively related to individual ambidexterity. Perceived cooperative goal interdependence and constructive controversy positively moderated the relationship between learning goal orientation/ performance goal orientation and individual ambidexterity. Practical implications The paper provides beneficial suggestions for both managers and employees. It offers a reference for managers regarding how to promote employee ambidexterity. It also provides suggestions for employee career development. Originality/value The paper explored the factors influencing ambidextrous activities at the individual level, a very scare approach in extant studies. It also constructed a systematic process mechanism of individual ambidexterity, integrating both internal and external factors.

scholarly journals Capturing the value of the experienced worker

2021 ◽  
pp. 451-472
Author(s):  
Antón Rafael García Martínez ◽  
Yvonne Sonsino
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Objective: This article aims to bring together a series of case studies and evidence for examining the full diversity agenda, including age and the steps employers can take to make their business more age ready. Methodology: The study combines a consulting and meta-analysis methodology. Typical biases and current practices are unpicked to distinguish fact fiction. Results: This research offers a framework for becoming a successful age-ready employer, older workers are valued, treated fairly, are engaged and productive. Varying results are expected, depending on geography. Developed countries with labour force pressures through shrinking birth rates are likely to be the earliest adopters. Limitations: Further work is underway to solidify these results in many more organizations globally, and this will take time. In subsequent research, quantitative methodologies should be applied to evaluate the impact of the experience. Practical implications: This essay helps understanding the value of experienced workers in our society, making it easier now than ever to understand why and how to become an age-ready — not to mention a productive and an efficient — employer.

How effective are social engineering interventions? A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-830
Author(s):  
Jan-Willem Bullee ◽  
Marianne Junger
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Social engineering is a prominent aspect of online crime. Various interventions have been developed to reduce the success of this type of attacks. This paper aims to investigate if interventions can help to decrease the vulnerability to social engineering attacks. If they help, the authors investigate which forms of interventions and specific elements constitute success. Design/methodology/approach The authors selected studies which had an experimental design and rigorously tested at least one intervention that aimed to reduce the vulnerability to social engineering. The studies were primarily identified from querying the Scopus database. The authors identified 19 studies which lead to the identification of 37 effect sizes, based on a total sample of N = 23,146 subjects. The available training, intervention materials and effect sizes were analysed. The authors collected information on the context of the intervention, the characteristics of the intervention and the characteristics of the research methodology. All analyses were performed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was quantified. Findings The authors find substantial differences in effect size for the different interventions. Some interventions are highly effective; others have no effect at all. Highly intensive interventions are more effective than those that are low on intensity. Furthermore, interventions with a narrow focus are more effective than those with a broad focus. Practical implications The results of this study show differences in effect for different elements of interventions. This allows practitioners to review their awareness campaigns and tailor them to increase their success. Originality/value The authors believe that this is the first study that compares the impact of social engineering interventions systematically.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The impact of weight loss on depression: A preliminary meta-analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Blaine ◽  
Jennifer McElroy ◽  
Hilary Vidair
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Impact
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