scholarly journals Request framing moderates the influence of affective images on charitable giving

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Genevsky ◽  
Brian Knutson ◽  
Carolyn Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Matching Effect ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Donation Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractFundraising organizations face difficult decisions regarding how to construct solicitations for donations. While these aid requests often include multiple salient features, their interactive effect on donation behavior and the psychological mechanisms that underlie their combined influence remain unclear. In six studies utilizing online and laboratory samples, as well as hypothetical and real incentives, we examine whether and how request framing moderates the impact of positive and negative images on charitable giving. Across all studies and in a single-paper meta-analysis, the influence of affective images on giving was moderated by the valence of request framing, such that affectively matched features most effectively elicited donations. Further, donors’ experienced positive affect could account for this matching effect – even in cases of matched negative features. These findings suggest that organizations can increase the effectiveness of aid requests by focusing on the affective match of request features. This work integrates previously discrepant findings on the impact of affect on donations and holds both conceptual implications for how affect can influence giving and practical implications for organizations seeking to design optimally effective requests for aid.

The Impact of Vulnerability to and Severity of a Health Risk on Processing and Acceptance of Fear-Arousing Communications: A Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha de Hoog ◽  
Wolfgang Stroebe ◽  
John B. F. de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Defensive Processing ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

This meta-analysis of studies of the persuasive impact of fear appeals evaluated the contribution of our stage model of the processing of fear-arousing communications relative to other fear appeal theories. In contrast to other theories, our stage model (a) specifies the cognitive processes underlying persuasion through fear-arousing communications, (b) proposes that threat-induced defensive processing does not interfere with the effectiveness of fear-arousing communications but actually contributes to it, and (c) predicts that vulnerability and severity manipulations have differential effects on measures of attitude as compared with intention and behavior. To evaluate these predictions, the authors expanded on previous meta-analyses by assessing the independent as well as joint effects of vulnerability to and severity of a risk, both on information processing and on measures of persuasion (attitude, intention, behavior). Overall, findings were consistent with the stage model. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Neural Responses to Mandatory and Voluntary Donation Impact Charitable Giving Decisions: An Event-Related Potentials Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Zhang ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Xuejiao Wang ◽  
Danfeng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Psychological Activity ◽  
Decision Behaviors ◽  
Practical Implications

The present study aimed to explore the influence of donation amounts on donation decisions in different donation contexts and to reveal the psychological mechanisms. Furthermore, we focused on how to enhance individuals’ intention to donate voluntarily. We designed an experiment on donation decisions, employing event-related potentials (ERPs) to probe the effect of psychological mechanisms on donation decisions by detecting the neural basis of donation decision-making. Based on S-O-R (stimulus-organism-response) theory, we used donation contexts and donation amounts (stimuli) to induce psychological activity in the participants (organism) and then influence individual donation decision behaviors (response). Moreover, we applied psychological reactance (PR) theory to discuss the effect of donation context on decisions and the corresponding psychological process. The behavioral results showed that donation contexts (mandatory vs. voluntary) were significantly related to the donation amounts (i.e., less vs. more money that the charity received than money that the participants donated). At the ERP level, compared with mandatory donation, voluntary donation evoked a larger P2 amplitude when the charity received less money. In addition, a larger mean amplitude of LPP was elicited by voluntary donation compared to mandatory donation. This study provides practical implications for charity organizers to guide people to donate voluntarily.

The Matching Effect of Destinations’ Crisis Communication

2022 ◽  
pp. 004728752110675
Author(s):  
Jiangchi Zhang ◽  
Chaowu Xie ◽  
Yanying Chen ◽  
You-De Dai ◽  
Wang Yi-Jun
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Matching Effect ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Crisis Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

The match between destinations’ crisis communication sources and crisis types, and their impacts on tourists’ travel intentions, has not yet been investigated. This research explored the effect of destinations’ crisis communication on tourists’ travel intentions based on different crisis types (i.e., victimized and preventable crises) and communication sources (i.e., from the government, businesses, and other tourists). Results showed that crisis type had a matching effect on the impact process of crisis communication sources on tourists’ travel intentions. In addition, the mediation effects of tourists’ heuristic processing and perceived safety on destinations’ crisis communication–tourists’ travel intentions were confirmed. This study uncovered a matching effect of destinations’ crisis communication sources and crisis types. Results offer valuable theoretical and practical implications regarding destinations’ crisis communication agendas, crisis communication systems, and strategies for alleviating negative consequences of crises.

scholarly journals A decade of evolving composites: regression- and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie D. Frowd ◽  
William B. Erickson ◽  
James M. Lampinen ◽  
Faye C. Skelton ◽  
Alex H. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Interview ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of seven variables that emerge from forensic research on facial-composite construction and naming using contemporary police systems: EvoFIT, Feature and Sketch. Design/methodology/approach – The paper involves regression- and meta-analyses on composite-naming data from 23 studies that have followed procedures used by police practitioners for forensic face construction. The corpus for analyses contains 6,464 individual naming responses from 1,069 participants in 41 experimental conditions. Findings – The analyses reveal that composites constructed from the holistic EvoFIT system were over four-times more identifiable than composites from “Feature” (E-FIT and PRO-fit) and Sketch systems; Sketch was somewhat more effective than Feature systems. EvoFIT was more effective when internal features were created before rather than after selecting hair and the other (blurred) external features. Adding questions about the global appearance of the face (as part of the holistic-cognitive interview (H-CI)) gives a valuable improvement in naming over the standard face-recall cognitive interview (CI) for all three system types tested. The analysis also confirmed that composites were considerably less effective when constructed from a long (one to two days) compared with a short (0-3.5 hours) retention interval. Practical implications – Variables were assessed that are of importance to forensic practitioners who construct composites with witnesses and victims of crime. Originality/value – Using a large corpus of forensically-relevant data, the main result is that EvoFIT using the internal-features method of construction is superior; an H-CI administered prior to face construction is also advantageous (cf. face-recall CI) for EvoFIT as well as for two further contrasting production systems.

EXPRESS: Leveraging Creativity in Charity Marketing: The Impact of Engaging in Creative Activities on Subsequent Donation Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224292110375
Author(s):  
Lidan Xu ◽  
Ravi Mehta ◽  
Darren W. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Charitable Organization ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Donation Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mood Maintenance

Charities are constantly looking for new and more effective ways to engage potential donors in order to secure the resources needed to deliver their services. The current work demonstrates that creative activities are one way for marketers to meet this challenge. A set of field and lab studies show that engaging potential donors in creative activities positively influences their donation behaviors (i.e., the likelihood of donation and the monetary amount donated). Importantly, the observed effects are shown to be context independent: they hold even when potential donors engage in creative activities unrelated to the focal cause of the charity (or the charitable organization itself). The findings suggest that engaging in a creative activity enhances the felt autonomy of the participant, thus inducing a positive affective state, which in turn leads to higher donation behaviors. Positive affect is shown to enhance donation behaviors due to perceptions of donation impact and a desire for mood maintenance. However, the identified effects emerge only when one engages in a creative activity—not when the activity is non-creative, or when only the concept of creativity itself is made salient.

Performance Effects of Motivational State: A Meta-Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Utman
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Motivational State ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Researchers (e.g., Butler, 1987; Elliott & Dweck, 1988; Grolnick & Ryan, 1987) have recently studied the impact of two different motivational states and have hypothesized that attempting to attain mastery (learning goal) leads to better performance than attempting to demonstrate that one has high ability (performance goal). This article presents a meta-analysis of research in which motivational states are manipulated and confirms that learning goals lead to better performance than do performance goals. The results also indicate that the learning goal advantage may be limited to relatively complex tasks and that the learning goal advantage is smaller for young children than for older individuals. Further, the learning goal advantage was larger when learning goals were moderately pressuring and when participants were tested alone. Theoretical integration of various theories of motivation and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Capturing the value of the experienced worker

2021 ◽  
pp. 451-472
Author(s):  
Antón Rafael García Martínez ◽  
Yvonne Sonsino
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Objective: This article aims to bring together a series of case studies and evidence for examining the full diversity agenda, including age and the steps employers can take to make their business more age ready. Methodology: The study combines a consulting and meta-analysis methodology. Typical biases and current practices are unpicked to distinguish fact fiction. Results: This research offers a framework for becoming a successful age-ready employer, older workers are valued, treated fairly, are engaged and productive. Varying results are expected, depending on geography. Developed countries with labour force pressures through shrinking birth rates are likely to be the earliest adopters. Limitations: Further work is underway to solidify these results in many more organizations globally, and this will take time. In subsequent research, quantitative methodologies should be applied to evaluate the impact of the experience. Practical implications: This essay helps understanding the value of experienced workers in our society, making it easier now than ever to understand why and how to become an age-ready — not to mention a productive and an efficient — employer.

How effective are social engineering interventions? A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-830
Author(s):  
Jan-Willem Bullee ◽  
Marianne Junger
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Social engineering is a prominent aspect of online crime. Various interventions have been developed to reduce the success of this type of attacks. This paper aims to investigate if interventions can help to decrease the vulnerability to social engineering attacks. If they help, the authors investigate which forms of interventions and specific elements constitute success. Design/methodology/approach The authors selected studies which had an experimental design and rigorously tested at least one intervention that aimed to reduce the vulnerability to social engineering. The studies were primarily identified from querying the Scopus database. The authors identified 19 studies which lead to the identification of 37 effect sizes, based on a total sample of N = 23,146 subjects. The available training, intervention materials and effect sizes were analysed. The authors collected information on the context of the intervention, the characteristics of the intervention and the characteristics of the research methodology. All analyses were performed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was quantified. Findings The authors find substantial differences in effect size for the different interventions. Some interventions are highly effective; others have no effect at all. Highly intensive interventions are more effective than those that are low on intensity. Furthermore, interventions with a narrow focus are more effective than those with a broad focus. Practical implications The results of this study show differences in effect for different elements of interventions. This allows practitioners to review their awareness campaigns and tailor them to increase their success. Originality/value The authors believe that this is the first study that compares the impact of social engineering interventions systematically.

From person-environment misfit to job burnout: theoretical extensions

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajin Tong ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Kaiping Peng
Keyword(s):  
Role Conflict ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
Person Organization Fit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychological mechanisms explaining the impact of fit on burnout based on meta-theories. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 199 employees participated in three waves with three-week intervals. Person-organization fit and person-job fit were measured in Wave 1, psychological-mechanism variables were measured in Wave 2, and burnout was measured in Wave 3. Findings – Person-organization fit and person-job fit related to three components of job burnout via multiple psychological mechanisms. Research limitations/implications – The findings help to extend existing theories on fit and burnout literature. The research advances the understanding of psychological mechanisms about how misfit leads to job burnout. It helps stimulate research interest to further investigation on their relationships and effects with other variables besides burnout. It also helps understand the construct of burnout. Practical implications – For individuals, person-job fit should be achieved as well as person-organization fit to avoid burnout. Measuring organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), psychological capital, and role conflict may help employers to recognize early signs of burnout and to develop effective interventions to reduce burnout. The findings help better understand the value of P-E fit and effective interventions in burnout. Social implications – It helps employees better select job and organization and adapt to the job and organization, reduce management cost, and keep mental health. Originality/value – Two original contributions are that: it adopted three meta-theories to comprehensively investigate the psychological mechanisms explaining how misfit leads to burnout; and it integrated individual and environmental factors of burnout into one fit-based model, which treats the person as a subject rather than a passive agent.

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