Urinary Excretion of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine During Fasting in Late Pregnancy in the Rat1

Endocrinology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIO HERRERA ◽  
ROBERT H. KNOPP ◽  
NORBERT FREINKEL
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy

Placental Transfer of Calcium and Strontium in the Rat and Rabbit

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wasserman ◽  
C. L. Comar ◽  
M. M. Nold ◽  
F. W. Lengemann
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Comparative Metabolism ◽  
Differential Movement

The comparative metabolism of calcium and strontium during fetal development was investigated in rats and rabbits using double tracer techniques. In general, the placental transfer from dam to fetus of strontium was about one-half that of calcium; the site of discrimination was the placental barrier. The major discrimination occurred in movement of Ca* and Sr* from dam to fetus, with little or no differential movement from fetus to dam. Under steady state conditions in the rat the relative Sr*/Ca* ratios in the fetus, maternal skeleton and diet were 0.17, 0.28 and 1, respectively. The over-all discrimination of 0.17 between fetus and diet resulted from absorption (0.42), urinary excretion (0.63) and placental transfer (0.65). In the rat it was estimated that 92% of the fetal calcium had originated from the maternal diet. In the rabbit during late pregnancy, it was determined that about 24 mg of calcium/fetus/day moved across the placenta as compared with a need of about 13 mg for fetal development.

DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON TESTOSTERON UND EPITESTOSTERON BEI FRAUEN AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
K. Schollberg ◽  
E. Seiler ◽  
J. Holtorff
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Female Foetus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone by women in late pregnancy has been studied. The mean values of 22 normal women in pregnancy mens X are 12.9 ± 9.2 μg/24 h in the case of testosterone and 16.1 ± 16.2 μg/24 h in the case of epitestosterone. Both values do not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant females. The excretion values of mothers bearing a male foetus (17.3 ± 8.9 μg/24 h) are higher than those of mothers with a female foetus (6.4 ± 4.8 μg/24 h). The difference is statistically significant with P = 0.01.

Serial Studies of the Renal Clearance of Urate and Inulin during Pregnancy and after the Puerperium in Normal Women

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Semple ◽  
W. Carswell ◽  
J. A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Made In

1. A serial study of renal clearance of urate and inulin was made in thirteen normal women in early, mid and late pregnancy and 6–15 weeks after delivery. 2. The mean serum urate concentration was low in early and mid pregnancy but rose in late pregnancy towards the control value. 3. Clearances of urate and inulin were consistently elevated throughout pregnancy to about 150% of the post-partum values. The ratio of clearance of urate to clearance of inulin was the same in pregnancy as it was after the puerperium. 4. The urinary excretion of urate was increased only in late pregnancy.

Plasma level, urinary excretion, and metabolic production of cGMP during gestation in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. R847-R853 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Conrad ◽  
K. A. Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
The Face

We postulated that guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), a cellular mediator of vascular smooth muscle relaxation, might mediate maternal renal and cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy. Because extracellular levels of cGMP most likely reflect intracellular production, we began our investigation of this hypothesis by measuring the plasma concentration, urinary excretion, and metabolic clearance rates of cGMP during pregnancy in rats. Plasma cGMP was significantly elevated during mid- and late pregnancy, whereas urinary excretion of cGMP was increased throughout pregnancy. The fractional excretion of cGMP by the kidneys was 0.90 +/- 0.15 in the nonpregnant condition. In contrast, plasma levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were unchanged during pregnancy, and its urinary excretion rose slightly, reaching significance only on gestational day 20. There was also a significant rise in urinary excretion of cGMP throughout pseudopregnancy. The metabolic clearance rate of cGMP measured in chronically instrumented rats before, during, and after pregnancy was not significantly altered during gestation. The elevated plasma level of cGMP during gestation in rats, in the face of an unchanged metabolic clearance, reflects augmented tissue(s) production of cGMP, although enhanced cellular efflux may contribute. Because cGMP is a second messenger for several vasodilatory hormones, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that vascular production of cGMP may increase during pregnancy and thereby contribute to maternal renal and cardiovascular vasodilation. (Most investigators have not observed increment of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in rat gestation; therefore this hormone is an unlikely first messenger for the elevated extracellular levels of cGMP that we have observed. Finally, pseudopregnant rats also showed enhanced urinary excretion of cGMP, which suggests that the proliferative activity that accompanies fetoplacental maturation, as well as hormones elaborated by the fetoplacental unit, is not necessary for the rise in urinary excretion of cGMP observed during pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

URINARY EXCRETION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL LATE PREGNANCY AND IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-G. Dässler
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) in 10 healthy women during the last month of pregnancy (mean m = 0.43 mg/24 h; standard deviation sd = ±0.13) was found to be as high as that in 7 patients with chronic hypertension or with toxaemia of pregnancy (m = 0.40 mg/24 h; sd = ±0.13). The values were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in 6 women in late pregnancy with intrauterine foetal death (m = 0.20 mg/24 h; sd = ±0.10), in two cases of pregnancy with anencephalic foetuses (0.30 and 0.25 mg/24 h, resp.) and in 11 healthy non-pregnant women (m = 0.26 mg/24 h, sd = ±0.10). The method used involved separation of free non-conjugated Zimmermann chromogens from the urine by extraction with benzene, mild hydrolysis of the urine, column chromatography on silica gel and colorimetric determination as Zimmermann chromogen. It is assumed that the increased excretion of DHA in the two groups of late pregnant women with intact pregnancy as compared with non-pregnant women may be caused by the biosynthesis of DHA in the foetal adrenals. The unchanged values of DHA in the two groups of women during late pregnancy with intrauterine foetal death or with anencephalics may reflect the interrupted biosynthesis of DHA.

EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS OR INTRA-AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE ON OESTROGEN LEVELS IN URINE AND SERUM IN LATE PREGNANCY WITH LIVE ANENCEPHALIC FOETUSES

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAEYAMA ◽  
S. ICHIMARU ◽  
K. NAKAHARA ◽  
M. NAKAYAMA ◽  
I. MIYAKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urine And Serum

SUMMARY Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) was injected intravenously or intra-amniotically into eight volunteers carrying live anencephalic foetuses (including one microcephalic foetus). Urinary and unconjugated serum oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol were measured before and after DHAS administration. In seven pregnant women with live anencephalic foetuses the urinary excretion of oestriol was very low, and the ratio of oestriol to oestrone+ oestradiol was much less than that during normal pregnancy. Increases of urinary oestrone and oestradiol but no significant change in the ratio of oestriol to oestrone + oestradiol were observed 24 h after i.v. administration of DHAS to five patients. In three patients, between 1 and 12 h after i.v. administration of DHAS (100–200 mg), the concentrations of serum oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol increased to 13·5, 6·8 and 3·1 times the control values, respectively. After injection of DHAS (200 mg) intra-amniotically into two patients, the urinary excretion of all three oestrogens increased much more on day 2 than on day 1, and the ratio of urinary oestriol to oestrone + oestradiol rose greatly. On the other hand, the concentrations of unconjugated serum oestrogens in these patients increased progressively between 1 and 12 h or more after DHAS administration, and the maximal level of serum oestriol was 9·8 times the control value while those of oestrone and oestradiol were 4·6 times and 5·0 times the control values, respectively. These results suggest that in late human pregnancy DHAS in the circulation of the mother is converted to oestriol largely via the phenolic pathway (DHAS → oestrone → oestriol), whereas DHAS circulating within the foeto-placental compartment is converted to oestriol via both the phenolic and the neutral intermediates.

DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON 11-DESOXYCORTISOL UND VON TETRAHYDRO-11-DESOXYCORTISOL IN DER NORMALEN SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND BEI INTRAUTERINEM FRUCHTTOD

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-G. Dässler
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Healthy Women

ABSTRACT Urinary excretion of tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS) was determined after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and paperchromatography in 12 nonpregnant women (mean m = 29 μg/24 h; standard deviation s = ± 17) and in 3 women with intrauterine foetal death in late pregnancy (m = 40 μg/24 h). In 16 healthy women during late pregnancy the excretion of THS was higher (P < 0.001; m = 70 μg/24 h; s = ±40). Determination of 11-deoxycortisol (Compound S) resulted in a similar elevation (P < 0.001) of this steroid in urine of women during late pregnancy (m = 40 μg/24 h; s = ±32). 11-Deoxycortisol was not to be found or was present in very small amounts only (< 10 μg/24 h) in urine extracts of nonpregnant women and of women in late pregnancy with intrauterine foetal death.

scholarly journals Pregnancy increases urinary loss of carnitine and reduces plasma carnitine in Korean women

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Woon Cho ◽  
Youn-Soo Cha
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Carnitine Level ◽  
Plasma Carnitine ◽  
Total Carnitine

This study compared plasma and urinary carnitine concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant Korean women. The subjects were fifty pregnant women and thirty non-pregnant women aged 24–28 years. During the first trimester, dietary carnitine intakes in the pregnant women were much lower than in non-pregnant women (70·00 (sd 29·22) μmol/d), but over the course of pregnancy carnitine intake increased from 44·64 (sd 24·84) μmol/d during the first trimester to 96·11 (sd 36·56) μmol/d during the third trimester. Pregnant women had a significantly lower plasma carnitine concentration than non-pregnant women. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified carnitine, acid-soluble acylcarnitine and total carnitine were significantly lower during the second and third trimesters than the first. Plasma acid-insoluble acylcarnitine levels, which tended to be higher in the non-pregnant women compared with the pregnant women, increased significantly as gestation proceeded. The urinary excretion of non-esterified carnitine, acid-soluble acylcarnitine and total carnitine was significantly higher in the pregnant women during the first and second trimesters than in non-pregnant women and decreased significantly as gestation proceeded. We found that there was a significant decrease in plasma carnitine level even though dietary carnitine intake increased as gestation proceeded. The low urinary excretion of carnitine in late pregnancy may be caused by an increased demand during pregnancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document