Steroidogenesis in Rat Leydig Cells: Changes in Activity of 5-ane and 5-ene 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases During Sexual Maturation1

Endocrinology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN P. WIEBE
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL HUMAN TESTES

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. BAILLIE ◽  
W. S. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Colour Reaction ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

SUMMARY 3α-, 3β-, 11β-, 16β-, 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases have been localized histochemically in the Leydig cells of prepubertal and adult human testes; 3α-, 16β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were present in the seminiferous tubules also. A similar pattern was found in cryptorchid testes. In addition 3β-sulphoxy steroids, including DHA sulphate, gave a good colour reaction in human Leydig cells. Testes from oestrogen-treated subjects had no histochemically demonstrable hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and this applied also to infarcted testes. Testes from a case of Klinefelter's syndrome were found to lack 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the Leydig cells. The biochemical significance of these results is discussed.

Corticosterone impairs the mRNA expression and activity of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in adult rat Leydig cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Badrinarayanan ◽  
S. Rengarajan ◽  
P. Nithya ◽  
K. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Type I ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Clinical and experimental studies, including our own observations, have shown the adverse effects of excess glucocorticoids on testicular steroid hormone production. The present study was designed to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which excess corticosterone impairs Leydig cell steroidogenesis. To achieve this, adult rats were administered with corticosterone-21-acetate (2 mg/100 g body weight) twice daily for 15 days. After the treatment period, rats were killed by decapitation. The testes were removed, decapsulated aseptically and used for the isolation of Leydig cells. Purified Leydig cells were used for assessing the activity of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) and total RNA isolation. For in vitro studies, purified Leydig cells (7.5 × 106 cells) of control rats were plated in culture flasks and exposed to different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 nmol/L) of corticosterone for 24 h. At the end of incubation, total RNA was isolated from cultured Leydig cells, and the mRNA of 3β- and 17β-HSDs was quantified by RT–PCR. A significant reduction in the activities and levels of 3β-HSD type-I and 17β-HSD type-III mRNAs in Leydig cells were observed. In vitro studies demonstrated a dose-dependent significant impairment in both the activity and mRNA expression of these enzymes. These results suggest that corticosterone might have a direct effect on the transcription of the genes of 3β- and 17β-HSD. It is inferred from the present in vivo and in vitro studies that one of the molecular mechanisms by which excess corticosterone decreases the steroidogenic potency of Leydig cells is by suppressing the mRNA expression of 3β-HSD type-I and 17β-HSD type-III enzymes.

HISTOCHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF 3α-, 6β-, 11α-, 12α-, 16α-, 16β-, 17α-, 21- AND 24-HYDROXYSTEROIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. BAILLIE ◽  
K. C. CALMAN ◽  
M. M. FERGUSON ◽  
D. McK. HART
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ◽  
Theca Interna

SUMMARY The histochemical utilization of 3α-, 6β-, 11α-, 12α-, 16α-, 16β-, 17α-, 21- and 24-hydroxysteroids in human and mouse testis, human placenta, mouse ovary and rat adrenal has been investigated using a coupling method and the tetrazolium salt, Nitro-BT. 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was present in the human Leydig cells and placental syntrophoblast, but there was little in rat adrenal zona fasciculata and in mouse ovary; the enzyme is NAD or NADP dependent. 6β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was present in human Leydig cells, mouse Leydig cells, placental syntrophoblast, ova, granulosa, theca interna, corpora lutea and interstitial tissue; it is NAD dependent. 11α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was very poorly developed, being NAD dependent and demonstrable only in human Leydig cells. 12α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase could be demonstrated in some human Leydig cells; it was both NAD and NADP dependent. 16α-Hydroxysteroids were very poorly used by all the tissues surveyed. 16β-Hydroxysteroids gave an intense histochemical reaction with NAD in human Leydig and Sertoli cells, in placental trophoblast, in adrenal zonae glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis and in all ovarian tissues. 17α-, 21- and 24-hydroxysteroids were poorly utilized by human Leydig cells, but not by the other tissues. The first two were NAD dependent; 24-hydroxysteroid utilization was both NAD and NADP dependent. The techniques used are believed to demonstrate specific hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases because of variations in pyridine nucleotide requirement and in the location in the tissues of different hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Moreover, stereoisomers of the same hydroxysteroid behave differently in this system. The role of steroid 5α- and 5β-dehydrogenases is discussed in connexion with the histochemical results.

Ultrastructural Study of Human Testicular Biopsies in Infertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
Philip Troen ◽  
Howard R. Nankin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Testicular biopsies were obtained from six young male subjects (age range 24-33) who complained of infertility and who had clinical evidence of oligospermia. This was confirmed on histological examination which showed a broad spectrum from profound hypospermatogenesis to relatively normal appearing germinal epithelium. Thickening of the tubular walls was noted in half of the cases and slight peritubular fibrosis in one. The Leydig cells were reported as normal or unremarkable.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the thickening of the supporting tissue of the germinal epithelium was caused more by an increase in the thickness of the layers of the lamina propria than of the tubular wall itself. The changes in the basement membrane of the tubular wall consisted mostly of a greater degree of infolding into the tubule and some reduplication which gave rise to a multilayered appearance.

The structure of the gills of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Mohinder S. Jarial
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Apical Membranes

The axolotl is a strictly aquatic salamander in which the larval external gills are retained throughout life. The external gills of the adult axolotl have been studied by light and electron microscopy for ultrastructural evidence of ionic transport. The thin epidermis of the gill filaments and gill stems is composed of 3 cell types: granular cells, the basal cells and a sparce population of intervening Leydig cells. The gill epidermis is devoid of muscles, and no mitotic figures were observed in any of its cells.The granular cells cover the gill surface as a continuous layer (Fig. 1, G) and contain secretory granules of different forms, located apically (Figs.1, 2, SG). Some granules are found intimately associated with the apical membrane while others fuse with it and release their contents onto the external surface (Fig. 3). The apical membranes of the granular cells exhibit microvilli which are covered by a PAS+ fuzzy coat, termed “glycocalyx” (Fig. 2, MV).

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in perfusion and immersion-fixed Leydig cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
R.T.F. Bernard ◽  
R.H.M. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Random Mixture ◽  
Transmission Electron

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, and changes in the organisation and abundance of this organelle are regularly used as indicators of changes in the level of steroidogenesis. SER is typically arranged as a meshwork of anastomosing tubules which, with the transmission electron microscope, appear as a random mixture of cross, oblique and longitudinal sections. Less commonly the SER appears as swollen vesicles and it is generally suggested that this is an artefact caused during immersion fixation or during immersion of poorly-perfused tissue.During a previous study of the Leydig cells of a seasonally reproducing bat, in which tissue was fixed by immersion, we noted that tubular SER and vesicular SER often occured in adjacent cells and sometimes in the same cell, and that the abundance of the two types of SER changed seasonally. We came to doubt the widelyheld dogma that vesicular SER was an artefact of immersion fixation and set out to test the hypothesis that the method of fixation does not modify the ultrastructure of the SER.

"STEROID-CELL" ANTIBODY IN ENDOCRINE DISEASES

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kamp ◽  
Per Platz ◽  
Jørn Nerup
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

ABSTRACT By means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from 116 patients with Addison's disease, an equal number of age and sex matched controls and 97 patients with other endocrine diseases were examined for the occurrence of antibody to steroid-producing cells in ovary, testis and adrenal cortex. Fluorescent staining was observed in the theca cells of growing follicles, the theca lutein cells, testicular Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells, i. e. cells which contain enzyme systems used in steroid hormone production. The "steroid-cell" antibody was present in 24 % of the patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, equally frequent in males and females, and in 17 % of the patients with tuberculous Addison's disease, but was rarely found in controls, including patients with other endocrine diseases. Female hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism made an exception, since the "steroid-cell" antibody was found in about half the cases with this condition.

Evidence against a gonadotropin-induced regulatory protein in mouse Leydig cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S70-S71
Author(s):  
M. SCHUMACHER ◽  
J. LUDOLPH ◽  
F. LEIDENBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Regulatory Protein
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