scholarly journals Praegnatio Perturbatio – Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasantha Padmanabhan ◽  
Wenhui Song ◽  
Muraly Puttabyatappa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Abstract The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified. One risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes that is receiving considerable attention in recent years is gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are exposed to multitude of environmental chemicals with known endocrine disrupting properties and evidence suggest that exposure to these EDCs have the potential to disrupt maternal-fetal environment culminating in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. This review addresses the impact of maternal and fetal exposure to environmental EDCs of natural and man-made chemicals in disrupting the maternal-fetal milieu in human leading to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes - a risk factor for adult onset non-communicable diseases, the role lifestyle and environmental factors play in mitigating or amplifying the effects of EDCs, the underlying mechanisms and mediaries involved, and the research directions to focus future investigations on to help alleviate the adverse effects from EDC exposures.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Racial Disparities in Pregnancy Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure Suiru Dzekem ◽  
Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy ◽  
Christopher O. Olopade
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to air pollutants and other environmental factors increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that adverse outcomes related to air pollution disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities. This paper explores the importance of race as a risk factor for air pollution-related poor pregnancy outcomes. Methods We systematically reviewed epidemiologic studies investigating the effects of exposure to air pollution on pregnancy outcomes in the United States. Results Findings across all reviewed studies show more adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight and stillbirths) due to air pollution among Blacks and Hispanics than among non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusion This paper enhances our general understanding of the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes and, specifically, of disparities in birth outcomes for infants born to Black and Hispanic mothers.

Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes by infertility diagnoses with and without ART treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. e336
Author(s):  
J.E. Stern ◽  
B. Luke ◽  
M. Tobias ◽  
M.D. Hornstein ◽  
H. Diop
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

scholarly journals Maternal dietary patterns and risk of adverse pregnancy (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus) and birth (preterm birth and low birth weight) outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelemu Tilahun Kibret ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Ellie Gresham ◽  
Teketo K Tegegne ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies have indicated that dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). However, the results of these studies are varied and inconsistent. The present study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. Seven databases were searched for articles. Two reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled effect sizes of eligible studies.SettingStudies conducted all over the world were incorporated.SubjectsThe review focused on pregnant women.ResultsA total of twenty-one studies were identified. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains) was significantly associated with lower odds (OR; 95 % CI) of pre-eclampsia (0·78; 0·70, 0·86; I2=39·0 %, P=0·178), GDM (0·78; 0·56, 0·99; I2=68·6 %, P=0·013) and PTB (0·75; 0·57, 0·93; I2=89·6 %, P=0·0001).ConclusionsOur review suggests that dietary patterns with a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish are associated with a decreased likelihood of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Further research should be conducted in low-income countries to understand the impact of limited resources on dietary intake and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.

scholarly journals Correction to: Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: Mediation Analysis Using Metabolomic Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Kosuke Inoue ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Onyebuchi A. Arah ◽  
Kimberly Paul ◽  
Douglas I. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

scholarly journals Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Colorado, 2007–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Abdo ◽  
Isabella Ward ◽  
Katelyn O’Dell ◽  
Bonne Ford ◽  
Jeffrey Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zip Code

Colorado is regularly impacted by long-range transport of wildfire smoke from upwind regions. This smoke is a major source of ambient PM2.5. Maternal exposure to total PM2.5 during pregnancy has been linked to decreased birth weight and other adverse outcomes, although the impact of wildfire smoke contribution has only recently been investigated. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and ambient wildfire smoke PM2.5. Wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposures were estimated using a previously published method incorporating ground-based monitors and remote sensing data. Logistic regression models stratified by ZIP code and mixed models with random intercept by ZIP code were used to test for associations. The primary outcomes of interest were preterm birth and birth weight. Secondary outcomes included gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, neonatal intensive care unit admission, assisted ventilation, small for gestational age, and low birth weight. Exposure to wildfire smoke PM2.5 over the full gestation and during the second trimester were positively associated with pre-term birth (OR = 1.076 (μg/m3)−1 [95% CI = 1.016, 1.139; p = 0.013] and 1.132 (μg/m3)−1 [95% CI = 1.088, 1.178]; p < 0.0001, respectively), while exposure during the first trimester was associated with decreased birth weight (−5.7 g/(μg/m3) [95% CI: −11.1, −0.4; p = 0.036]). Secondary outcomes were mixed.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors of STIs during pregnancy in South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054631
Author(s):  
Dorothy Chiwoniso Nyemba ◽  
Andrew Medina-Marino ◽  
Remco P H Peters ◽  
Jeffrey D Klausner ◽  
Phuti Ngwepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

ObjectiveSTIs during pregnancy increase adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and may increase HIV risk. STI syndromic management is standard of care in South Africa. Our study evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnant women and the associated risk factors.MethodsWe combined data from two prospective observational studies of pregnant women enrolled while attending their first antenatal clinic (ANC) visit in Tshwane District and Cape Town. Women ≥18 years were tested at first ANC visit and at their first postpartum visit for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis using Xpert assays (Cepheid, USA). We evaluated the prevalence and incidence of STI and the associated risk factors using multivariable regression models.ResultsWe enrolled 669 pregnant women, 64% (n=427) from Tshwane District and 36% (n=242) from Cape Town; 80% (n=534) were women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 20% (n=135) without HIV. At enrolment, 37% (n=250) were diagnosed with at least one STI, of which 76% (n=190) were asymptomatic. STI prevalence was 40% (n=213) in WLHIV and 27% (n=37) in women without HIV (p=0.01). Baseline STI infection was associated with younger age (OR=0.95 per year, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98), higher gestational age (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.03 per week, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05), single relationship status (aOR=1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.15) and HIV status (aOR=1.86, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.95). Of 419 participants with no STI at baseline, 21 had an incident STI during follow-up, with a mean follow-up time of 140 days. The incidence rate of STI during pregnancy and early post partum was 15 infections per 100 women-years (95% CI 9 to 23). Younger age was associated with STI incidence.ConclusionOur study shows high prevalence and incidence of STIs in pregnancy, especially in WLHIV, demonstrating the need for STI screening in ANC to prevent adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Most STI cases were asymptomatic and would have gone untreated with syndromic management. Aetiological STI screening is urgently needed to reduce the burden of STIs in pregnancy.

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