scholarly journals Hypertension and Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity Affect Frontal Lobe Integrity

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3262-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan M. Gold ◽  
Isabel Dziobek ◽  
Kimberley Rogers ◽  
Abdul Bayoumy ◽  
Pauline F. McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Chronically elevated cortisol levels have been associated with elevated blood pressure, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairments. In this cross-sectional exploratory study, we assessed whether hypertension was related to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity and whether this may in part explain prefrontal brain atrophy and cognitive impairments in this population. We studied 27 patients with hypertension and 27 normotensive control subjects. Glucocorticoid feedback was assessed using the combined dexamethasone-CRH test. All participants completed a neuropsychological battery and received brain magnetic resonance imaging for volumetric measurement of frontal and medial temporal lobe regions. Hypertension was significantly associated with impaired glucocorticoid feedback control after statistically controlling for age, gender, and body mass index (P = 0.01). Hypertensive patients also showed a trend toward reductions in frontal lobe volume (P = 0.09) and had significantly lower scores in one of two tests of executive function (P = 0.03). Significant correlations were observed between hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hyperactivity and frontal lobe atrophy. Our data indicate that impaired glucocorticoid feedback control may partly account for the prefrontal volume reductions present in patients with hypertension. Future studies assessing the impact of hypertension on the brain should include cortisol assessments.

scholarly journals Frontal White Matter Hyperintensity Is Associated with Verbal Aggressiveness in Elderly Women with Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Ogama ◽  
Takashi Sakurai ◽  
Naoki Saji ◽  
Toshiharu Nakai ◽  
Shumpei Niida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aims: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are exhibited in most patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Although white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is often observed with AD, the precise role of WMH in BPSD remains unclear. The current study aimed to identify the impact of regional WMH on specific features of BPSD in persons with mild to moderate AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: A sample of 256 female outpatients with AD (n = 217) and aMCI (n = 39) were recruited. We assessed BPSD using the Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale. WMH and brain atrophy were evaluated using an automatic segmentation program. Regional WMH was evaluated as periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep WMH in frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes. Results: Whole-brain WMH was associated with verbal aggressiveness. In multivariate analysis, PVH in the frontal lobe was independently associated with verbal aggressiveness after adjustment for brain atrophy and clinical confounders. Conclusion: The current results indicated that PVH in the frontal lobe was independently associated with verbal aggressiveness.

Chlorella vulgaris reduces the impact of stress on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and brain c-fos expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Souza Queiroz ◽  
Ignacio Marín Blasco ◽  
Humberto Gagliano ◽  
Nuria Daviu ◽  
Almudena Gómez Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

scholarly journals APOE4 is associated with cognitive and pathological heterogeneity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheina Emrani ◽  
Hirra A. Arain ◽  
Cassandra DeMarshall ◽  
Tal Nuriel
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Possession of the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the primary genetic risk factor for the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While researchers have extensively characterized the impact that APOE ε4 (APOE4) has on the susceptibility of AD, far fewer studies have investigated the phenotypic differences of patients with AD who are APOE4 carriers vs. those who are non-carriers. In order to understand these differences, we performed a qualitative systematic literature review of the reported cognitive and pathological differences between APOE4-positive (APOE4+) vs. APOE4-negative (APOE4−) AD patients. The studies performed on this topic to date suggest that APOE4 is not only an important mediator of AD susceptibility, but that it likely confers specific phenotypic heterogeneity in AD presentation, as well. Specifically, APOE4+ AD patients appear to possess more tau accumulation and brain atrophy in the medial temporal lobe, resulting in greater memory impairment, compared to APOE4− AD patients. On the other hand, APOE4− AD patients appear to possess more tau accumulation and brain atrophy in the frontal and parietal lobes, resulting in greater impairment in executive function, visuospatial abilities, and language, compared to APOE4+ AD patients. Although more work is necessary to validate and interrogate these findings, these initial observations of pathological and cognitive heterogeneity between APOE4+ vs. APOE4− AD patients suggest that there is a fundamental divergence in AD manifestation related to APOE genotype, which may have important implications in regard to the therapeutic treatment of these two patient populations.

Baseline Serum Total Cortisol During the Primary Corona Virus Infection in the Beginning of the Pandemic in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Claude Etoa Etoga ◽  
Astasselbe Hadja Inna ◽  
Magellan Guewo-Fokeng ◽  
Mesmin Dehayem ◽  
Anne Ongmeb Boli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract Introduction: Improvement of critically ill patients Covid 19 positive placed on glucocorticoids may suggest impairment of the adrenal function. Our objective was to evaluate baseline serum cortisol in covid+ patients.Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a population of patients infected with 2019-nCoV in Cameroon. Patients receiving corticosteroids irrespective of the route of administration within 3 months prior to recruitment and those with any hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disease were excluded. We reviewed the medical records of patients to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Patients were then sampled at 8 am for serum cortisol assay by the competitive ELISA method. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's test to compare means. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: We included 80 covid+ patients, predominantly males (45, 56.3%) with a mean age of 43±13 years. The co-morbidities found were hypertension (9, 11.3%), diabetes mellitus (7, 8.8%), cardiovascular disease (8, 10%) and obesity (4, 5%). The most common symptoms were asthenia (44, 55%), fever (36, 45%) and respiratory symptoms (75, 93.7%). The non-severe form was the most common (70, 87.5%). Only 12.5% (10) of patients received oxygen therapy within our study. The mean baseline serum cortisol in the series was 279.55 nmol/l±128.68 (min 96.1332 nmol/l; max 665.0521 nmol/l). Sixty-nine patients (86.3%) had baseline cortisol ≤413.79nmol/l, suggesting an insufficient response to stress. No statistically significant association was found between serum cortisol and disease severity.Conclusion: The absence of a marked rise of cortisol during COVID-19 suggests possible involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in this infection.

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