scholarly journals Reduced Energy Expenditure and Impaired Feeding-Related Signals But Not High Energy Intake Reinforces Hypothalamic Obesity in Adults with Childhood Onset Craniopharyngioma

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 5395-5402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Holmer ◽  
Gabriella Pozarek ◽  
Elisabet Wirfält ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Bertil Ekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Hypothalamic Obesity ◽  
High Energy Intake

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue and Atherosclerosis

2015 ◽  
pp. S395-S402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. POLEDNE ◽  
I. KRÁLOVÁ LESNÁ ◽  
S. ČEJKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Metabolic Shift ◽  
Large Size ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
M1 Type

High-energy intake which exceeds energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue, predominantly in large-size adipocytes. This metabolic shift, which drives the liver to produce atherogenic dyslipidemia, is well documented. In addition, an increasing amount of monocytes/macrophages, predominantly the proinflammatory M1-type, cumulates in ectopic adipose tissue. The mechanism of this process, the turnover of macrophages in adipose tissue and their direct atherogenic effects all remain to be analyzed.

scholarly journals Impact of high energy oral nutritional supplements consumed in the late afternoon on appetite, energy intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors in females with lower BMI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Fatima ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Charlotte Wright ◽  
Dalia Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Daily Energy

Abstract Background/Objective Morning consumption of a single dose of high-energy oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in females with a lower BMI displaces some of the food eaten at breakfast but increases overall daily energy intake. This study investigated the effectiveness of ONS intake in the late afternoon and for longer duration. Subjects/Methods Twenty-one healthy females (mean ± SD, age 25 ± 5 years; BMI 18.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated in a randomised, crossover study with two experimental trials. In the afternoon of days 1–5, participants consumed either ONS (2.510 MJ) or low-energy PLACEBO drink (0.377 MJ) and recorded food eaten at home. On day six, energy intake was measured during buffet meals, and energy expenditure, appetite measurements and blood samples were collected throughout the day. Result Over the 5-day period, in the ONS trial energy intake from evening meals was lower (ONS, 2.7 ± 0.25 MJ; Placebo, 3.6 ± 0.25 MJ, P = 0.01) but averaged total daily energy intake was higher (ONS, 9.2 ± 0.3 MJ; PLACEBO, 8.2 ± 0.4 MJ, P = 0.03). On day six, energy intake, appetite scores, plasma GLP-1 and PYY, and energy expenditure were not significantly different between the two trials but fasting insulin concentration and HOMAIR, were higher (P < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity score based on fasting insulin and TAG lower (P < 0.05) in ONS trial. Conclusion Late afternoon consumption of ONS for five consecutive days by females with a lower BMI has only a partial and short-lived energy intake suppression and thus increases daily energy intake but reduces insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Blood Proteomics-Based Detection of Upregulated Lipid Metabolism and Immune Dysfunction in an Elite Adventure Athlete Trekking Across Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1760-1760
Author(s):  
David Nieman ◽  
Arnoud Groen ◽  
Artyom Pugachev ◽  
Andrew Simonson ◽  
Kristine Polley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Immune System Process ◽  
Go Terms ◽  
Blood Spot

Abstract Objectives Proteomics when combined with psychological, nutrition, and performance measures may serve as a useful monitoring system for immune dysfunction, training distress, and exercise-induced muscle damage and exhaustion in athletes. Global proteomics monitoring of an elite adventure athlete (age 33 years) was conducted over a 28-week period that culminated in the successful, unassisted 2-month trek across Antarctica (1500 km). Methods Training distress was monitored weekly using the 19-item, validated Training Distress Scale (TDS). Weekly dried blood spot (DBS) specimens were collected via fingerprick blood drops onto standard blood spot cards. DBS proteins were measured with nano-electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode, and 712 proteins were identified and quantified. Results The participant experienced a decrease of 11.4 kg in body mass during the Antarctica trek. The 28-week period was divided into time segments based on TDS scores, and a contrast analysis between weeks 5–8 (low TDS) and weeks 20–23 (high TDS, last month of Antarctica trek) showed that 31 proteins (n = 20 immune related, n = 14 nutrition related with n = 8 in dual roles) were upregulated and 35 (n = 17 immune related) were downregulated. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and gene ontology (GO) biological process analysis supported an increase in plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling, regulation of lipid transport, retinoid metabolic process, and vitamin transport due to high energy intake (7048 kcal/d). PPI networks also supported a dichotomous immune response. GO terms for the upregulated immune proteins showed an increase in regulation of the immune system process, especially inflammation, complement activation, and leukocyte mediated immunity. GO terms for the downregulated immune-related proteins indicated a decrease in several aspects of the overall immune system process including neutrophil degranulation and the antimicrobial humoral response. Conclusions These proteomics data support a dysfunctional immune response in an elite adventure athlete during a sustained period of mental and physical distress, high energy intake, and significant loss of body mass while trekking solo across Antarctica. Funding Sources Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, WI.

Short Stature Is Associated With Overweight but Not With High Energy Intake in Low-Income Quilombola Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroldo da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Andreza A. Luna ◽  
Telma Maria M. T. Florêncio ◽  
Monica L. Assunção ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Thrifty Phenotype ◽  
High Energy Intake

Background: Population exposed to chronic undernutrition in early life seems to be more susceptible to obesity in adulthood due to the development of mechanisms that improve the efficiency of energy use. Therefore, these individuals have relatively reduced energy requirements (thrifty phenotype). Objective: To investigate, among women living on severe socioeconomic vulnerability, whether short stature, a marker for undernutrition in early life, is associated with excess body weight but not with a high energy intake. Methods: This cross-sectional study, carried out between July and November 2008, evaluated 1308 women from all (N = 39) Quilombola communities of Alagoas. Adequacy of energy intake was estimated by the ratio between energetic ingestion and the estimated energy requirement (EER). Results: The prevalence of short stature (≤ 154.8 cm) was 43.0% and 52.4% had excess body weight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), being that 33.1% were overweight and 19.3% obese. Excess body weight was higher among women with short stature (56.6% vs 49.2%; P = .008), even after adjusting for age, energy intake, and per capita income (prevalence ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval = 1.04; 1.28). The ratio of energy intake/EER was independent of women’s stature. Conclusion: Excess body weight among Quilombola women represents a serious health problem. Short stature was significantly associated with excess body weight but not with a high energy intake. “Thrifty phenotype” may be one of the plausible explanations for this finding.

scholarly journals A high energy intake from dietary fat among middle-aged and older adults is associated with increased risk of malnutrition 10 years later

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Söderström ◽  
Andreas Rosenblad ◽  
Eva T. Adolfsson ◽  
Alicja Wolk ◽  
Niclas Håkansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractA higher fat content in the diet could be an advantage for preventing malnutrition among older adults. However, there is sparse scientific evidence to determine the optimal fat intake among older adults. This prospective cohort study examined whether a high energy intake of dietary fat among middle-aged and older adults is associated with the risk of malnutrition 10 years later. The study population comprised 725 Swedish men and women aged 53–80 years who had completed a questionnaire about dietary intake and lifestyle factors in 1997 (baseline) and whose nutritional status was assessed when admitted to the hospital in 2008–2009 (follow-up). At the follow-up, 383 (52·8 %) participants were identified as being at risk of malnutrition and fifty-two (7·2 %) were identified as malnourished. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between previous dietary fat intake and nutritional status later in life. Contrary to what was expected, a high energy intake from total fat, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat among middle-aged and older adults increased the risk of exhibiting malnutrition 10 years later. However, this applied only to individuals with a BMI<25 kg/m2 at the baseline. In conclusion, these findings suggest that preventive actions to counteract malnutrition in older adults should focus on limiting the intake of total fat in the diet by reducing consumption of food with a high content of saturated and monounsaturated fat.

scholarly journals Diet, physical activity and cancer risk

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Hill
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bowel Cancer ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Level

AbstractThere is a clear and consistent association between overweight and risk of hormone-related cancers, large bowel cancer and cancer at some other sites. Overweight is the consequence of an excess of energy intake over expenditure, but there is little evidence of an association between high energy intake and cancer risk in humans at any site other than the endometrium. This may be because of the difficulties in measuring total energy intake in the tens of thousands of individuals used in large prospective epidemiological studies. In contrast, despite the difficulties in measuring physical activity in the large numbers of persons needed in epidemiology, there is a growing body of evidence that a high level of recreational physical activity is protective against cancer at all sites associated with overweight.

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