Body Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Plasma Hormones in Early Puberty in Females

Abstract Background: The association between total fat, body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors are highly controversial among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of body fat distribution with cardiometabolic risk factors clustering among Chinese adolescents.Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 1175 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years underwent a comprehensive assessment of cardimetabolic risk factors. Body fat analysis was performed with Bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: Individuals with the CVRFs ≥1 or CVRFs ≥2 had higher indices of body fat distribution such as body fat mass(BFM) compared to those with normal CVRFs (all P<0.001). The prevalence of CVRFs ≥1, CVRFs ≥2 increased with increasing of the quartile of BFM, TBFM, ABFM, LBFM, PBF, VFL compared to normal subjects. After adjusted for age and sex, the study indicated an linear relationship between TBFM(β=0.693, 95%CI:0.363,1.023), LBFM(β=-1.471, 95%CI:-2.768,-0.175) and CVRFs z-score. Logistic regression models suggested TBFM was associated with CVRFs≥1 and CVRFs≥2 by higher odds. Lower odds of LBFM was associated with CVRFs≥2. Conclusions A significant association between body fat mass of trunk(TBFM), body fat mass of leg(LBFM) and cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors was showed in the study. It suggested to reduce body fat mass of trunk and increase body fat mass of leg were essential for adolescents to prevent cardiovascular risk factors clustering.

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Liver Fat Content and Body Fat Distribution in Youths with Excess Adiposity

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120528 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 528 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽

Mikel Izquierdo ◽

Jorge Correa-Bautista ◽

María Correa-Rodríguez ◽

Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Fat Content ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Liver Fat Content ◽

Excess Adiposity ◽

Distribution Parameters

This study had two main objectives: To examine the association between body fat distribution and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fat content, and to determine whether the relationship between NAFLD and regional body fat distribution, with respect to liver fat content in youths with excess adiposity, is independent of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and a healthy diet. Liver fat content (controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)), body fat distribution (body mass index (BMI) z-score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass/height, body fat percentage, total fat mass, android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and lean mass index, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), CRF (20-m shuttle-run test), and healthy diet (adherence to the Mediterranean diet by KIDMED questionnaire) were measured in 126 adolescents (66% girls) aged between 11 and 17 years. Participants were assigned to two groups according to the presence or absence of hepatic steatosis (CAP values ≥225 dB/m or <225 dB/m of liver fat, respectively). Considering the similar total fat values for the two groups (>30% by DXA), youths with NAFLD had higher fat distribution parameters than those without NAFLD, regardless of sex, age, puberty stage, lean mass index, CRF, and healthy diet (p < 0.01). In the non-NAFLD group, the association between hepatic fat and fat distribution parameters presented a similar pattern, although the association was statistically insignificant after adjusting for a potential confounding variable (ps > 0.05), except for the case of VAT. Body fat distribution parameters were higher in youths with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD. Additionally, body fat distribution showed a significant association with liver fat content as assessed by CAP in youths with NAFLD independent of CRF and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, supporting the notion that upper body fat distribution might play a pivotal role in the development of NAFLD in adolescents. These results may have implications for the clinical management of youths with excess adiposity given the high prevalence of NAFLD in children and young adults.

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Changes in Body Fat Distribution in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Current ART Regimens

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-01489 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 900-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juan Tiraboschi ◽

Antonio Navarro-Alcaraz ◽

Dolors Giralt ◽

Carmen Gomez-Vaquero ◽

Maria Saumoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

The Body ◽

Strand Transfer ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Total Fat ◽

Fat Mass Ratio

Abstract Objectives To describe the changes in body fat distribution (BFD) occurring over 60 months in a group of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals starting different antiretroviral regimens. Methods A prospective ongoing fat change assessment including clinical evaluation and dual X-ray absorptiometry scan is being conducted in all consecutive patients initiating ART from January 2008. Arm, leg, trunk, and total fat as well as fat mass ratio were determined. Results A total of 146 patients were included (80% male, 40% MSM). Mean age was 44 years, HIV-1 RNA was 4.98 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 count was 254 cells/μL. The most common initial antiretroviral combination included non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs followed by protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. At month 36, an increase was seen in the body mass index (BMI), total fat, trunk fat, and limb fat. The fat mass ratio (FMR) also showed a significant increase in both men and women (P = 0.001). In patients receiving NNRTI- or INSTI-based regimens (but not PIs), there was a marginal but statistically significant increase in the FMR (0.10 and 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). Sixty-two subjects completed 60 months of follow-up. FMR showed a significant increase even in the PI group at this time point (P < 0.03). Conclusions We observed a significant increase in the fat and lean body mass in all compartments and treatment groups over 36 and 60 months. Clinically irrelevant differences were found in fat distribution regardless of the treatment group and baseline characteristics. The data suggest that current antiretroviral regimens have little impact on BFD during the first years of treatment.

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Higher physical activity is associated with increased androgens, low interleukin 6 and less aortic calcification in peripheral obese elderly women

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe-08-0319 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 199 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R H Straub ◽

L B Tankó ◽

C Christiansen ◽

P J Larsen ◽

D S Jessop

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Lumbar Vertebra ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Aortic Calcification

The presence of peripheral fat mass (PFM) appears to counteract the atherogenic trends of central fat mass through mechanisms presently poorly understood. In elderly women with distinct forms of body fat distribution, we wanted to study whether physical activity and aortic calcification are related to plasma levels of cortisol, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-α-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (ASD), and interleukin 6 (IL6) accomplishing an anti-atherogenic milieu. A total of 276 well-defined generally healthy women aged 60–85 years were included. Categorization of body fat distribution was based on the relative presence of central to PFM measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Women meticulously reported weekly physical activity. Outcome measures were aortic calcification between lumbar vertebra L1 and L4, plasma levels of hormones, and IL6. In peripheral adipose women, plasma DHEA and ASD increased with the degree of physical activity. This was also mirrored in the ratios of cortisol/DHEA and cortisol/17-α-OHP. Peripheral adipose women with high DHEA relative to cortisol had less severe aortic calcification, and in the same group a higher level of physical activity was associated with lower levels of plasma IL6. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that high physical activity is associated with a high circulating androgen to cortisol ratio, low IL6, and less severe aortic calcification. Since androgens inhibit IL6 secretion, the activity-induced increase of these hormones might be an anti-atherogenic signal.

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Dietary fatty acid intake and gut microbiota determine circulating endocannabinoidome signaling beyond the effect of body fat

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72861-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sophie Castonguay-Paradis ◽

Sébastien Lacroix ◽

Gabrielle Rochefort ◽

Lydiane Parent ◽

Julie Perron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Wide Range ◽

Circulating Levels

Abstract The endocannabinoidome encompasses several fatty acid (FA)-derived mediators, including the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), which served as targets for anti-obesity drug development, and their congener N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2‑MAGs), which are involved in food intake and energy metabolism. Body weight and fat distribution have been suggested as determinants of peripheral endocannabinoid levels. We aimed at investigating factors, beyond body fat composition, that are associated with circulating NAE and 2-MAG levels in a heterogeneous human population. Plasma NAEs and 2-MAGs were measured using LC–MS/MS in a cross-sectional sample of healthy men and women (n = 195) covering a wide range of BMI and individuals before and after a 2-day Mediterranean diet (n = 21). Circulating levels of all 2-MAGs and NAEs, other than N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), correlated with body fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (0.26 < r < 0.54). NAE levels were elevated in individuals with elevated fat mass, while 2-MAGs were increased in individuals with predominantly visceral body fat distribution. Dietary intakes of specific FAs were associated with 2-AG and omega-3-FA-derived NAEs or 2-MAGs, irrespective of the body fat distribution. Some gut bacterial families (e.g. Veillonellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Akkermansiaceae) were associated with variations in most NAEs or omega-3-FA-derived 2‑MAGs, independently of fat mass and dietary FA intake. Finally, a 2-day Mediterranean diet intervention increased circulating levels of NAEs and 2-MAGs in agreement with changes in FA intake (p < 0.01). Self-reported intake and short-term dietary intervention increased in oleic acid and EPA and DHA intake as well as certain gut microbiota taxa are associated to circulating NAEs and 2‑MAGs independently of adiposity measures, thus highlighting the potential importance of these variables in determining endocannabinoidome signaling in humans.

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HDL Subclass Distribution Shifts with Increasing Central Adiposity

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2019/2107178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nicholas J. Woudberg ◽

Sandrine Lecour ◽

Julia H. Goedecke

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

African Women ◽

Black South African ◽

Percentage Decrease ◽

South African Women

Although cross-sectional studies have shown that obesity is associated with lower concentrations of large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, it is unknown if changes in HDL subclasses are related to changes in body fat and its distribution over time. We therefore assessed changes in HDL subclass distribution over a 5.5-year free-living follow-up period in 24 black South African women. At baseline and follow-up, body composition and body fat distribution were measured using anthropometry, dual X-ray absorptiometry, and computerized tomography. HDL subclass distribution was quantified using Lipoprint®. Over the 5.5-year follow-up period, body fat (+17.3 ± 4.5 kg,p<0.05) and trunk fat mass (+7.4 ± 1.9%, % fat mass, FM,p<0.05) increased, while leg fat mass (−2.53 ± 0.56%, % FM,p<0.001) and the distribution of large (−6.43 ± 2.12%,p<0.05) HDL subclasses decreased. A percentage decrease in large HDL subclasses was associated with a percentage increase in central fat mass (visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area,p<0.05) and a percentage decrease in peripheral fat mass (leg fat mass). These preliminary findings suggest that a relative redistribution of body fat from the periphery to the abdominal region were associated with a decrease HDL subclass size in black South African women and provide a novel link between body fat distribution and lipidology in this population.

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Association of Body Fat Mass and Fat Distribution With the Incidence of Hypertension in a Population‐Based Chinese Cohort: A 22‐Year Follow‐Up

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.117.007153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yongjie Chen ◽

Xuan Liang ◽

Senshuang Zheng ◽

Yuan Wang ◽

Wenli Lu

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Population Based ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Chinese Cohort

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Differential impact of adiposity on risk of atrial fibrillation in men and women in UK Biobank

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

C.J.F Camm ◽

B Lacey ◽

B Casadei ◽

J.C Hopewell

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Men And Women ◽

Independent Effects ◽

General Adiposity

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) and obesity are common conditions with important health implications. Greater adiposity has been associated with higher risk of AF. However, body fat distribution differs between sexes, and the independent effects of different adiposity measures on AF risk remain unclear. Purpose To establish the independent effects of general and central adiposity on risk of incident AF in men and women. Methods UK Biobank is a prospective study involving 502,536 adults (aged 40–69). Participants underwent an extensive baseline interview and physical assessment (including bio-impedance measurements). Incident AF cases were identified by linkage to national hospital statistics and death registry data. Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, smoking and alcohol, were used to estimate effects of general adiposity (body mass index [BMI] and body fat mass), central adiposity (waist circumference [WC]), and lean mass, on risk of incident AF (per sex-specific standard deviation [SD]). Results Among 477,918 participants (mean age 56.4 years, SD 8.1; 45% men) with no history of AF, mean BMI was similar in women (27.0kg/m2, SD 5.0) and men (27.8kg/m2, SD 4.1). Conversely, mean WC was lower in women (84.5cm, SD 12.3) than men (96.8cm, SD 11.0), while mean body fat mass was higher in women (26.9kg, SD 9.8) than men (22.2kg, SD 8.0). A total of 14,362 incident AF events were identified (5,254 in women, 9,108 in men) over 8.1 years median follow-up. AF was positively associated with adiposity. A 1-SD higher BMI, equivalent to 4.6kg/m2, and a 1-SD higher WC, equivalent to 11.7cm, were each associated with >30% higher risks of AF (hazard ratio [HR] BMI 1.32 [95% CI 1.30–1.34]; WC 1.37 [1.35–1.39]), and showed no sex differences. Lean mass was also strongly associated with AF (1.41 [1.39–1.43]), and similar between sexes. In contrast, a 1-SD higher body fat mass, equivalent to 9.0kg, was associated with a 34% higher risk of AF overall (1.34 [1.32–1.36]), but had a stronger effect in women (1.41 [1.38–1.45]) than men (1.30 [1.28–1.33]), p-interaction 1x10–6; albeit effects were comparable per kg). After adjustment for body fat mass and lean mass, WC remained positively associated with AF overall (1.19 [1.15–1.23]) and in both sexes (1.14 [1.09–1.20] in women, 1.21 [1.17–1.26] in men). However, following adjustment for lean mass and WC, body fat mass remained positively associated with AF (1.09 [1.06–1.12]) overall, and in women (1.19 [1.14–1.26]) but was almost completely attenuated in men (1.04 [1.01–1.08]), p-interaction 0.004 (Figure). Associations were not materially changed by further adjustment for height, or by excluding those with prior vascular disease. Conclusions Central adiposity is strongly and independently associated with AF in both sexes. Conversely, general adiposity is independently associated with risk of AF in women but not men. Suggesting the impact fat distribution on AF risk differs by sex. Fat mass, waist circumference & AF risk Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation

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