scholarly journals Measuring Race and Ancestry in the Age of Genetic Testing

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Shen Johfre ◽  
Aliya Saperstein ◽  
Jill A. Hollenbach
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Ancestral Origin ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Unique Study ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence ◽  
Demographic Data Collection

Abstract Will the rise of genetic ancestry tests (GATs) change how Americans respond to questions about race and ancestry on censuses and surveys? To provide an answer, we draw on a unique study of more than 100,000 U.S. adults that inquired about respondents' race, ancestry, and genealogical knowledge. We find that people in our sample who have taken a GAT, compared with those who have not, are more likely to self-identify as multiracial and are particularly likely to select three or more races. This difference in multiple-race reporting stems from three factors: (1) people who identify as multiracial are more likely to take GATs; (2) GAT takers are more likely to report multiple regions of ancestral origin; and (3) GAT takers more frequently translate reported ancestral diversity into multiracial self-identification. Our results imply that Americans will select three or more races at higher rates in future demographic data collection, with marked increases in multiple-race reporting among middle-aged adults. We also present experimental evidence that asking questions about ancestry before racial identification moderates some of these GAT-linked reporting differences. Demographers should consider how the meaning of U.S. race data may be changing as more Americans are exposed to information from GATs.

scholarly journals Apples to Apples: A Comparative Demographic Analysis of Homeless and Housed Youth in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-45
Author(s):  
Kristy Buccieri ◽  
Laura Warner ◽  
Ross Norman ◽  
Mo Jeng ◽  
Amanda Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parenting Education ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Demographic Data Collection ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

The demographic profiles of homeless youth are varied and play an integral role in the experiences these young people have. This article reports on detailed demographic data collected from 187 homeless youth in the Youth Matters in London study, and compares it to demographic profiles of youth in the general Ontario population and with samples of homeless youth from five major Canadian cities. Results indicate demographic data is not consistently collected and/or reported upon by researchers, making comparative analysis challenging while highlighting the need for a standardization of demographic data collection. Comparisons between homeless and housed youth indicate that the homeless youth had lower educational attainment, higher pregnancy/parenting rates, increased cohabitation, greater unemployment, and low annual incomes. Demographic comparison between the six homeless youth samples indicate some similarities and some key differences, particularly in relation to pregnancies/parenting, education, employment, and income. Implications for researchers, policy-makers, and service providers are discussed.

Demographic Data Collection.

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Philip Giles ◽  
William Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Data Collection

scholarly journals Loneliness among Middle-Aged and Older Middle-Aged Adults in Russia (Saint Petersburg) before and during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9889
Author(s):  
Olga Strizhitskaya ◽  
Marina Petrash ◽  
Inna Murtazina ◽  
Gayane Vartanyan ◽  
Anton Shchukin
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Experience ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Loneliness has been considered a major challenge since long before the pandemic. Changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic included modifications in social communications and activities. Thus, it was expected that loneliness would increase during the pandemic. The first studies of loneliness during the pandemic revealed inconsistent results. We hypothesized that physical isolation led to changes in the quality of relationships; thus, loneliness trends could be different from those predicted. For our study we used methods to measure loneliness: the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S) for Adults and Older Adults; the Multidimensional Inventory of Loneliness Experience; and demographic data. Participants were middle-aged and older middle-aged adults (n = 457) aged 35–59 (M = 45.5, SD = 6.88, 35.4% males). Participants came from two studies: Study 1 consisted of 280 participants aged 35–59 (M = 44.8; SD = 6.93; 29.6% males), the study was conducted before the pandemic in late 2019; participants in Study 2 were adults (n = 177) aged 35–59 (M = 46.5; SD = 6.68; 44.6% males), data were collected in the fall of 2020. The results did not confirm increase in loneliness; moreover, participants reported lower scores of loneliness in some domains. Regression analyses showed that general experience of loneliness was predicted by different loneliness characteristics in pre-pandemic and pandemic age groups. We found some similar mechanisms that were activated within different situations. Our results confirmed the complex nature of loneliness, they argue that pandemic effects were not limited to increase in loneliness and that the mechanism of loneliness can adjust to environmental factors.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic trauma: A retrospective comparative study from a single university hospital in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Andreozzi ◽  
Fabio Marzilli ◽  
Mario Muselli ◽  
Leonardo Previ ◽  
Matteo Romano Cantagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 outbreak strongly affected Italy, putting a strain on the National healthcare system. Hospitals quickly reorganized the activity to cope with the emergency. This retrospective comparative study aimed to analyze the impact of the lockdown imposed in Italy during the COVID-19 outbreak on acute orthopedic trauma, in order to identify critical issues for improvement and future planning. We collected data on all the trauma admissions to a single University hospital DEA (Department of Emergency and Acceptance) in Rome during the COVID- 19 pandemic lockdown in Italy, comparing them with the corresponding period in 2019. We reported demographic data; the characteristics of the injury, including the anatomical location, fracture, sprain, dislocation, contusion, laceration, whether the injury site was exposed or closed, where the injury occurred, and polytrauma. We also recorded the waiting time in the emergency room and mode of transportation. The study sample was composed of 1199 patients, 636 (53.04%) males and 563 (46.96%) females. The overall number of admissions in 2019 (pre-COVID-19 period) was 995; then it was 204 during COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. The average age of the 2020 group was 51.9 ± 24.8 years, significantly higher than that of the 2019 group (41.4 ± 25.7) (p<0.0001). In particular, elderly patients (≥65 years) were the most commonly involved in the COVID-19 group, while in the pre- COVID-19 period they were middle-aged adults (15-44 years) (p<0.0001). The injury occurred at home in 65.7% of cases in the 2020 group, and in 32.3% of patients in the 2019 group. Concerning the injury type, in both groups, the most common injury was a fracture (45.1% in 2019; 62.7% in 2020) (p<0.0001). The most injured anatomical location during COVID-19 lockdown was the hand (14.2%), while in the pre-COVID- 19 group the most frequent injury type was polytrauma (22.8%). Despite the decrease of overall acute trauma referral rates during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, the incidence of fractures in elderly individuals remained stable, indicating that not all trauma presentations would necessarily decrease during such times.

scholarly journals Caregiver burden among relatives of patients with schizophrenia in Katsina, Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Jika Yusuf ◽  
Folorunsho Tajudeen Nuhu ◽  
Akinsola Akinbiyi
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Data Collection Sheet ◽  
State Psychiatric ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Demographic Data Collection

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Caring for patients’ with schizophrenia leads to an enormous burden on the caregivers. However, the magnitude of this problem remains largely unknown in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the burden of care giving among relatives of patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Materials and method</strong>: A total of 129 primary care-givers of patients with schizophrenia attending out-patient clinic of Katsina state Psychiatric Hospital were interviewed using a socio-demographic data collection sheet and Zarith Burden Interview (ZBI). Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 13. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the respondents was 45.07±8.91. Majority of the caregivers are females. High level of burden was found in 47.3% of the respondents. The level of burden experienced was significantly associated with place of residence and family size. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Schizophrenia is associated with high level of caregiver burden and effort should be made at alleviating this burden for better out come in both the patients and caregivers.</p>

scholarly journals What are the Informational Preferences about Genetic Testing of Parents with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e37-e37
Author(s):  
Fanny Lacelle-Webster ◽  
Rinita Mazumder ◽  
Sandy Hodgetts ◽  
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Almost All

Abstract BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects more than 1% of the population. In 2009, the Canadian College of Medical geneticists recommended genome-wide microarray analysis as a first-line investigation for children with a diagnosis of ASD. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to explore experiences and preferences of parents with children with ASD regarding information about genetic testing. DESIGN/METHODS In this mixed method study, parents of children with a diagnosis of ASD (age 2 to 17 years) were recruited through advertisements on websites and Facebook pages of community partners. The first step was an on-line survey housed on a secure web-based platform. In addition to demographic data, the survey collected information about the experiences and informational preferences of the parents about genetic testing. A subset of participants, based on expressed interest, participated in an in-person semi-structured interview. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded for major themes and sub-themes. RESULTS A total of 31 participants responded to the survey and 5 interviews were completed. Their children had received their diagnosis between 2004 and 2017. The online survey revealed that 69% of participants were aware of genetic testing and 38% had genetic testing completed. Overall, 94% wanted to have more information about genetic testing; notably, only 25% had heard about microarray. Receiving information about genetic testing was preferred in a follow up appointment by 56% of participants, but 28% preferred to receive information on the date of ASD diagnosis. Most participants (81%) identified their community paediatrician as the preferred physician to discuss genetic testing with them. Almost all interview participants were concerned that the information from genetic testing could be detrimental to their child, noting, for example, potential difficulties obtaining insurance coverage. Some shared their concerns regarding their paediatrician’s knowledge about genetic testing and ASD; in fact, two families decided to change to a new paediatrician to fulfill their needs of information about ASD and genetic testing. CONCLUSION This study showed that parents of children with ASD are globally interested to learn more about genetic testing, with their paediatrician being their preferred resource. For that reason, it appears important that paediatricians be aware of the recommended investigations for children with ASD and have a good understanding of the implications of genetic testing.

Minmaxing of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding and Geography Level Ups in Predicting Race

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jesse T. Clark ◽  
John A. Curiel ◽  
Tyler S. Steelman
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
County Level ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Hispanic Voters ◽  
Black Voters ◽  
Zip Code

Abstract Racial identification is a critical factor in understanding a multitude of important outcomes in many fields. However, inferring an individual’s race from ecological data is prone to bias and error. This process was only recently improved via Bayesian improved surname geocoding (BISG). With surname and geographic-based demographic data, it is possible to more accurately estimate individual racial identification than ever before. However, the level of geography used in this process varies widely. Whereas some existing work makes use of geocoding to place individuals in precise census blocks, a substantial portion either skips geocoding altogether or relies on estimation using surname or county-level analyses. Presently, the trade-offs of such variation are unknown. In this letter, we quantify those trade-offs through a validation of BISG on Georgia’s voter file using both geocoded and nongeocoded processes and introduce a new level of geography—ZIP codes—to this method. We find that when estimating the racial identification of White and Black voters, nongeocoded ZIP code-based estimates are acceptable alternatives. However, census blocks provide the most accurate estimations when imputing racial identification for Asian and Hispanic voters. Our results document the most efficient means to sequentially conduct BISG analysis to maximize racial identification estimation while simultaneously minimizing data missingness and bias.

scholarly journals Survey of Principal Investigators in Biobanking: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Research Behaviors About Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. OP.20.00193
Author(s):  
Nat C. Jones ◽  
Monica E. Reyes ◽  
Gwendolyn P. Quinn ◽  
Matthew B. Schabath
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Data Collection

PURPOSE: Biobanks usually do not collect transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) demographic information, hindering research on cancer risk and biological effects related to gender-affirming interventions. METHODS: In August 2019, 172 scientists involved in biobanking research at a single institution (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL) were invited to complete a survey measuring knowledge and attitudes about TGD health and research practices. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among 47 respondents, there was high agreement (77%) regarding the importance of collecting TGD identities and histories of gender-affirming treatments with biospecimens, which was contrasted by low self-reported rates of respondents’ biorepositories allowing for the entry of TGD identities (14.9%) and histories of gender-affirming interventions (8.5%). There was high interest in receiving education regarding the unique cancer health needs of TGD patients (74%), and knowledge questions yielded high percentages of “neutral” and “don’t know or prefer not to answer” responses. After completing the survey, confidence in knowledge of health needs for TGD patients decreased significantly (48.9% were confident during the presurvey assessment v 36.2% in the postsurvey assessment; P < .001). Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions indicated overall support of TGD data inclusion in biobanks along with perceived barriers to inclusion of such data in biobanks. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this was the first study of researchers to assess knowledge, attitudes, and research practices regarding TGD patients. Overall, there was limited knowledge about TGD health and cancer needs and low rates of TGD demographic data collection but a high interest in receiving education regarding this community.

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