The Student’s Hand: Industrial Education and Racialized Labor in Early Korean Protestantism

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-378
Author(s):  
Jang Wook Huh
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Early History ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Industrial Education ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Sale ◽  
American Leader

Abstract In the 1900s American missionaries used the industrial vision of the African American leader Booker T. Washington to instill the idea of economic progress in Koreans. Inspired by this uplift model, the Korean intellectual Yun Ch’i-ho (Yun Ch’iho) and US Southern Methodists founded the Anglo-Korean School in 1906, where students would later produce textile products called “Korea mission cloth” for global sale. This article examines the promotion of manual labor in the intersection of religious propagation and educational reform during the early twentieth century. The author argues that the idealization of industrialization by American and Korean Protestant leaders was a vehicle to both disseminate American discourses of race and institutionalize a system of capitalism in the name of modernizing Korea. This early history of Korean Protestantism has influenced the hierarchical conceptualizations of the white, black, and Asian races, which has been obscured by the benevolent achievements of missionary work.

Congo Missionaries and the Perpetuation of Manual Labor, 1908–1936

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
New Work ◽  
Industrial Education ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Tuskegee Institute ◽  
Fisk University

Chapter 2 analyzes the effect of globalized industrial education strategies on the career prospects of African American missionaries. It identifies the restrictive policies applied to students and graduates from the three institutions that the Edmistons were affiliated with: Fisk University, Stillman Institute, and Tuskegee Institute. The chapter explains how the couple tried to adjust to new work expectations without either reducing their ministries to manual labor alone or falling victim to undisclosed moratoriums on African American international travel. It also shows how increased colonial demands for African laborers increased the pressure for African Americans to design a just alternative within the setting of the mission stations.

Antislavery on a Slave Coast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic X. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early History ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Before the abolition of the slave trade in the British empire in 1807, colonial Sierra Leone was an experiment in free trade and free labour, founded by the Sierra Leone Company, a joint-stock company led by antislavery activists, and settled by African American Loyalists from Nova Scotia. This chapter explores the early history of the colony, and shows how antislavery was undermined by the routines of the transatlantic slave trade. Meanwhile, African American settlers were marginalised, and the arrival of 500 Jamaican Maroons in 1800 helped to cement the relationship between the leaders of the antislavery movement and the British armed forces.

scholarly journals The Evangelical Movement in Austria from 1945 to the Present

Kairos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Frank Hinkelmann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Church Planting ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
World War ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Free Church ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evangelical Movement

This essay examines the development of the Evangelical Movement in Austria from 1945 to the present. The history of the Evangelical Movement can be divided into four phases: The beginnings (1945-1961), which can be characterized above all by missionary work among ethnic German refugees of the World War II, a second phase from 1961-1981, which can be described as an internationalization of the Evangelical Movement especially through the work of North American missionaries. During this time new ways of evangelism were sought and also church planting projects were started. A third phase is characterized by a growing confessionalization and institutionalization of the Evangelical Movement. While free church congregation were increasingly taking on denominational contours, the evangelical movement as a whole began to increasingly establish its own institutions. The last phase since 1998 is characterized by the Evangelical Movement breaking out of isolation towards social and political acceptance.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Industrial Education ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Mission Work ◽  
Colonial Policies ◽  
Policies And Programs

The conclusion argues that signs of the Edmistons’ collaborative approach to classical and industrial education remained evident after their mission work ended. Analysis of government and denominational records shows that Belgian colonial policies and Southern Presbyterian programs adopted similar academic strategies in the 1940s. The denomination also supported such work in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1963. These policies and programs are introduced in comparison with the ways that Alonzo Edmiston collaborated with Belgian officials during his final years at the American Presbyterian Congo Mission. And a description of the memorial tributes to Althea Brown’ suggests how African Presbyterians expressed a sense of kinship with the African American missionaries.

Major League Baseball is Just Like Mcdonald's?

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-246
Author(s):  
Rodney Fort
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
American Association ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Early History ◽  
Minor League ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Major League ◽  
History Of

This article explores the history of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the three cases of competition from rival leagues. The early history shows the rough and tumble competition outcomes for the American Association (AA), Union Association (UA), Players League (PL), and Federal League (FL). It also reveals the decidedly different outcome that reduced competition in the case of the African American Leagues (AALs), the Pacific Coast League (PCL), and the Continental League (CL). There is no evidence of concerted collusive effort to end the PCL's chance as a rival major league. The welfare of fans at the major-league level was reduced, on net. It might be argued that minor league-level play was replaced by major league level play and then AAA baseball spread to cities that previously had enjoyed even lower-level classifications.

“A Great Injustice”: Urban Capitalism and the Limits of Freedom in Nineteenth-Century New York City

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422097611
Author(s):  
Alexander Manevitz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
York City ◽  
Early History ◽  
American City ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Central Park ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
History Of

Seneca Village was the largest African American landowning community in New York City until it was destroyed to build Central Park. Although it has largely been overlooked, Seneca Village reframes the early history of American capitalism at the intersection of race, freedom, and urban development, diversifying the narrative to place African American city-dwellers as actors at the center of the narrative. Real estate capitalism made Seneca Village possible, with residents using it as a means to social, political, and economic advancement, but it also destroyed Seneca Village. That paradox reveals how an emerging American urban commercial capitalism consolidated power in places Seneca Villagers could not access even when they tried. These men and women played critical, yet unacknowledged, roles as the whole nation struggled to navigate multiple visions of capitalism, their inherent inequalities, and their implications for the future.

scholarly journals “The Real Victim of Lynch Law Is the Government”: American Protestant Anti-Lynching Advocacy and the Making of Law and Order

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Aaron Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Early History ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
War On Crime ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

This article examines American Protestant anti-lynching advocacy in the early twentieth century. In contrast to African American Protestants, who framed their anti-lynching efforts in ways that foregrounded the problem of racism and black experiences of suffering, white mainline Protestant critiques of lynching regularly downplayed race and framed the crime in terms of its threat to American civilization and national law and order. This article connects these latter concerns to the national war on crime of the 1930s and 40s and the early history of the modern carceral state.

Miller Grove, Illinois

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Janifer LaRoche
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Underground Railroad ◽  
American Missionary Association ◽  
White Families ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

This chapter examines the connections between the Miller Grove community of free Blacks and the Underground Railroad. Established in 1844, Miller Grove is a cluster of rural farmsteads named for Bedford Miller, whose family stood among the sixty-eight people who received their freedom from one of four White families in south-central Tennessee. Primary archaeological excavations at Miller Grove took place at the farmstead of William Riley Williams, a free-born African American from Tennessee. Among the original migrants, former slaveholder Henry Sides and his wife lived among the freemen and freewomen at Miller Grove. This chapter begins with a discussion of how the American Missionary Association, through its missionary work, linked known Underground Railroad participants across the country. It then considers abolitionist strategies, particularly the dissemination of antislavery literature among African Americans. By tracing the history of Miller Grove, the chapter reveals distinct details of community formation and interracial cooperation within regional Underground Railroad operations.

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