scholarly journals The Value of the Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-283
Author(s):  
Ari-Elmeri Hyvönen

Abstract Through an unorthodox reading of Hannah Arendt, this article argues that her political thought contains unacknowledged resources for conceptualizing embodiment in politics, and in relation to the economy, physical needs, and appearance. In contrast to the way she is typically read, this essay develops an affirmative account of embodiment in Arendt's work. Arendt not only recognizes the role of the appearing body in action but also underscores the importance of labor and necessity for a human sense of reality. Throughout her oeuvre, she presents a historical analysis of the rise of a functionalist, processual understanding of life under capitalist modernity. She also develops an alternative, nonfunctionalist framing of living bodies, highlighting a gratitude for “given” aspects of existence and the value of the bodily surface as a sentient interface between embodied needs and the common world. The article tracks the development of these reflections in Arendt's engagements with Karl Marx, Simone Weil, and Adolf Portmann.

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
WASEEM YAQOOB

This essay reconstructs Hannah Arendt's reading of Marx and Hegel in order to elucidate her critique of comprehensive philosophies of history. During the early 1950s Arendt endeavoured to develop a historical epistemology suitable to her then embryonic understanding of political action. Interpretations of her political thought either treat historical narrative as orthogonal to her central theoretical concerns, or focus on the role of “storytelling” in her writing. Both approaches underplay her serious consideration of the problem of historical understanding in the course of an engagement with European Marxism, French existentialism and French interpretations of Hegel. This essay begins with her writings on totalitarianism and her ambiguous relation with Marxism during the 1940s, and then examines her critique of French existentialism before finally turning to her “Totalitarian Elements of Marxism” project in the early 1950s. Reconstructing Arendt's treatment of philosophies of history helps elucidate the themes of violence and the relationship between means and ends in her political thought, and places a concept of history at the centre of her thought.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
A. G. Khairutdinov

The article introduces the content of one of the little-known lifetime published works of an outstanding Tatar religious thinker Musa Jarullah Bigiev (1875-1949), which is devoted, in particular, to the study and disclosure of the meaning of the Quranic concept of Yajuj-Majuj. The facts from the biography of the scientist introduced into the scientific circulation provide a full disclosure of particular reasons for the appearance of the work under consideration. The research by M. Bigiev is based on a deep source study, on the results of comparative linguistics and cultural-historical analysis including religious books of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The author considers the inadmissibility of introducing the pre-Islamic ideas about the concept of Yajuj-Majuj into Islamic exegetics, and a number of other concepts that are accepted to be among the common heritage of Abrahamic religions; the paper emphasizes extreme importance of free thought; it draws attention to the role of Turks in the world history in its past, present and future; it makes a number of interesting inferences into the hidden meaning of a Quranic story about Yajuj-Majuj.


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Danilo Arnaldo Briskievicz

Investigamos no pensamento de Hannah Arendt a possibilidade de uma ontologia da singularidade relacionada diretamente com a educação, como protomomento da ontologia da pluralidade, iniciada com o nascimento e ampliada pela chegada ao mundo comum, ao espaço da ação. Destacamos alguns pontos de sua teoria política, inter-relacionando-os com apontamentos sobre a educação do texto A Crise da Educação, de 1958. Apresentamos a educação como espaço privilegiado de formação da vida do espírito, essencial, por ser inicial, em tempo e espaço para o exercício pleno da vita activa. A ontologia da singularidade é fundamentada a partir de seis pontos em que é preciso: acolher, preparar e incluir os singulares; fomentar espaços para o discursar, valorizar as diferenças e preservar a tradição. Apresentamos dois antimodelos para a ontologia da singularidade: na educação escolar, os campos de concentração, pela prerrogativa do uso da violência e da mudez; para os educandos, Adolf Eichmann, por causa de seu vazio de pensamento e incapacidade de agir criativamente no mundo. Propomos que a duração da educação é proporcional à criatividade narracional da tradição pela autoridade dos professores.Palavras-chave: Hannah Arendt; Ontologia da singularidade; Filosofia da educação; Vida do espírito ABSTRACTWe investigate in Hannah Arendt's thinking the possibility of an ontology of singularity directly related to education, as protomoment of the ontology of plurality, initiated with the birth and enlarged by the arrival to the common world, to the space of action. We highlight some points of her political theory interrelating them with notes on education of the text The Crisis of Education, 1958. We present education as a privileged space of formation of the life of the mind, essential, for being initial, in time and space for the full exercise of the vita activa. The ontology of the singularity is based on six points in which it is necessary: to welcome, to prepare and to include the singular ones; to create spaces to promote discourse, to value differences, and to preserve tradition. We present two antimodels for the ontology of singularity: in school education, the concentration camps, by the prerogative of the use of violence and dumbness; for the pupils, Adolf Eichmann, due to  his emptiness of thought and incapacity to act creatively in the world. We propose that the duration of education is proportional to the narrative creativity of tradition by the authority of teachers.Keywords: Hannah Arendt; Ontology of singularity; Philosophy of education; Life of the spirit


2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Kim Butorac

Does love have a place in the inherently conflictual realm of democratic politics, particularly in a racialized democracy? This article engages the question of love’s politics by way of Hannah Arendt’s critique of James Baldwin’s “Letter from a Region in My Mind.” Troubled by his “gospel of love,” Arendt wrote to Baldwin, warning him that in politics, love will achieve nothing “except hypocrisy.” Contra Arendt, who argues that love is antipolitical, I show how Baldwin utilizes love to reclaim the lost promise of American democracy. Synthesizing Baldwin’s essays published between 1955–1972, my argument proceeds in two parts: part 1 focuses on the psychological and embodied demands of love, which, for Baldwin, are vital in transforming the consciousness of white and black Americans. Part 2 focuses on Baldwin’s critique of property, linking the project of self-transformation to the need for structural transformation. I show how love enables us to condemn the exploitative logic of capitalism and imagine new modes of relationality. In charting this underexplored point of contact between these thinkers, this article complicates Arendt’s critique of love and sheds new light on the role of love in Baldwin’s political thought.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 0160-0174
Author(s):  
Danilo Arnaldo Briskievicz ◽  
Amauri Carlos Ferreira

RESUMO. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o caso de dessegregação racial educacional acontecido na capital do Arkansas, Little Rock, nos Estados Unidos da América, em 4 de setembro de 1957. Para iluminar o contexto social e político das discussões sobre o polêmico caso, retomamos o controverso ensaio de Hannah Arendt publicado em 1959, intitulado Reflexões sobre Little Rock. Contamos, brevemente, a luta dos movimentos sociais norte-americanos ligados à questão negra até o caso Little Rock. Apresentamos variadas relações entre o caso Little Rock e algumas categorias do pensamento arendtiano como igualdade de direitos, mundo comum, responsabilidade, ação, discurso, visibilidade e crise do mundo moderno. Esclarecemos que o mundo comum é uma história comum tecida como resultado da ação e do discurso, em que os agentes se revelam pela palavra, pela voz e pelo gesto. Por fim, evidenciamos que duas mulheres foram escolhidas para narrar Little Rock: Elizabeth Eckford, a estudante de 15 anos que foi hostilizada publicamente e teve seu gesto imortalizado numa fotografia; e outra, Hannah Arendt. A imagem de Eckford foi republicada em diversos jornais, foi vista por Hannah Arendt que reconheceu Little Rock como um caso emblemático para a política e escreveu seu artigo.    ABSTRACT. The purpose of this article is to discuss the case of educational racial desegregation that took place in Arkansas, Little Rock, United States of America, on September 4, 1957. To illuminate the social and political context of the controversial case, we resume the controversial essay by Hannah Arendt published in 1959, entitled Reflections on Little Rock. We briefly recount the struggle of the American social movements linked to the black issue until the Little Rock case. We present various relationships between the Little Rock affair and some categories of Arendtian thought as equal rights, common world, responsibility, action, discourse, visibility and crisis of the modern world. We clarify that the common world is a common history woven as a result of action and discourse, in which agents are revealed by word, voice and gesture. Finally, we note that two women were chosen to narrate Little Rock: Elizabeth Eckford, the 15-year-old student who was publicly harassed and had her gesture immortalized in a photograph; and another, Hannah Arendt. The Eckford’s image was republished in several newspapers, was seen by Hannah Arendt who recognized Little Rock as an emblematic case for politics and wrote her article.


Author(s):  
Dora Elvira García González

Thinking and culture are linked intimately in Arendt’s theory because they are both in the public sphere. The absence of thinking makes the agents acting in a banal way. Thinking guides to exchange different opinions through constructed language by various speakers. This shows the necessary plurality required in the politic and cultural space, that is, the public space. Lack of thinking expresses drowsiness in front of the world and gives rise to overcrowding and causes unanimity instead of generating a politic skill which directs people towards the common world, to the world-with the- others. Culture and art should be long-lasting, in public sphere things are neither consumed nor used, because they are eternal, immortal. However, it seems that philistinism and searching for immediate utility has imposed on a categorical way through the mass society.


2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.


2018 ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Kurz

The paper celebrates Karl Marx’ 200th birthday in terms of a critical discussion of the “law of value” and the idea that “abstract labour”, and not any use value, is the common third of any two commodities that exchange for one another in a given proportion. It is argued that this view is difficult to sustain. It is also the source of the wretched and unnecessary “transformation problem”. Ironically, as Piero Sraffa has shown, prices of production and the general rate of profits are fully determined in terms of the same set of data from which Marx started his analysis.


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