ADVANCED VIRTUAL ENDOSCOPY FORENDOSCOPIC TRANSSPHENOIDAL PITUITARY SURGERY

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wolfsberger ◽  
André Neubauer ◽  
Katja Bühler ◽  
Rainer Wegenkittl ◽  
Thomas Czech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Endoscopy ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anatomical Space

Abstract OBJECTIVE Virtual endoscopy (vE) is the navigation of a camera through a virtual anatomical space that is computationally reconstructed from radiological image data. Inside this three-dimensional space, arbitrary movements and adaptations of viewing parameters are possible. Thereby, vE can be used for noninvasive diagnostic purposes and for simulation of surgical tasks. This article describes the development of an advanced system of vE for endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery and its application to teaching, training, and in the routine clinical setting. METHODS The vE system was applied to a series of 35 patients with pituitary pathology (32 adenomas, three Rathke's cleft cysts) operated endoscopically via the transsphenoidal route at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Medical University Vienna between 2004 and 2006. RESULTS The virtual endoscopic images correlated well with the intraoperative view. For the transsphenoidal approach, vE improved intraoperative orientation by depicting anatomical landmarks and variations. For planning a safe and tailored opening of the sellar floor, transparent visualization of the pituitary adenoma and the normal gland in relation to the internal carotid arteries was useful. CONCLUSION According to our experience, vE can be a valuable tool for endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for training purposes and preoperative planning. For the novice, it can act as a simulator for endoscopic anatomy and for training surgical tasks. For the experienced pituitary surgeon, vE can depict the individual patient's anatomy, and may, therefore, improve intraoperative orientation. By prospectively visualizing unpredictable anatomical variations, vE may increase the safety of this surgical procedure.

Effect of EPS on biofilm structure and function as revealed by an individual-based model of biofilm growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-U. Kreft ◽  
J. W. Wimpenny
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Individual Based Model ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Binding Forces ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biofilm Structure

We have simulated a nitrifying biofilm with one ammonia and one nitrite oxidising species in order to elucidate the effect of various extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production scenarios on biofilm structure and function. The individual-based model (IbM) BacSim simulates diffusion of all substrates on a two-dimensional lattice. Each bacterium is individually simulated as a sphere of given size in a continuous, three-dimensional space. EPS production kinetics was described by a growth rate dependent and an independent term (Luedeking-Piret equation). The structure of the biofilm was dramatically influenced by EPS production or capsule formation. EPS production decreased growth of producers and stimulated growth of non-producers because of the energy cost involved. For the same reason, EPS accumulation can fall as its rate of production increases. The patchiness and roughness of the biofilm decreased and the porosity increased due to EPS production. EPS density was maximal in the middle of the vertical profile. Introduction of binding forces between like cells increased clustering.

scholarly journals Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations of AI for 3D Imaging in Dental Research and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4424
Author(s):  
Kuofeng Hung ◽  
Andy Wai Kan Yeung ◽  
Ray Tanaka ◽  
Michael M. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Automated Diagnosis ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Facial Scanning

The increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques in dental medicine has boosted the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for various clinical problems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral/facial scans are potential sources of image data to develop 3D image-based AI systems for automated diagnosis, treatment planning, and prediction of treatment outcome. This review focuses on current developments and performance of AI for 3D imaging in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) as well as intraoral and facial scanning. In DMFR, machine learning-based algorithms proposed in the literature focus on three main applications, including automated diagnosis of dental and maxillofacial diseases, localization of anatomical landmarks for orthodontic and orthognathic treatment planning, and general improvement of image quality. Automatic recognition of teeth and diagnosis of facial deformations using AI systems based on intraoral and facial scanning will very likely be a field of increased interest in the future. The review is aimed at providing dental practitioners and interested colleagues in healthcare with a comprehensive understanding of the current trend of AI developments in the field of 3D imaging in dental medicine.

THREE‐DIMENSIONAL ENDOSCOPIC PITUITARY SURGERY

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. ons288-ons295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abtin Tabaee ◽  
Vijay K. Anand ◽  
Justin F. Fraser ◽  
Seth M. Brown ◽  
Ameet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

Abstract OBJECTIVE We describe a novel 3-dimensional (3-D) stereoendoscope and discuss our early experience using it to provide improved depth perception during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. METHODS Thirteen patients underwent endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. A 6.5-, 4.9-, or 4.0-mm, 0- and 30-degree rigid 3-D stereoendoscope (Visionsense, Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel) was used in all cases. The endoscope is based on “compound eye” technology, incorporating a microarray of lenses. Patients were followed prospectively and compared with a matched group of patients who underwent endoscopic surgery with a 2-dimensional (2-D) endoscope. Surgeon comfort and/or complaints regarding the endoscope were recorded. RESULTS The 3-D endoscope was used as the sole method of visualization to remove 10 pituitary adenomas, 1 cystic xanthogranuloma, 1 metastasis, and 1 cavernous sinus hemangioma. Improved depth perception without eye strain or headache was noted by the surgeons. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients without cavernous sinus extension (7of 9 patients) had gross tumor removal. There were no significant differences in operative time, length of stay, or extent of resection compared with cases in which a 2-D endoscope was used. Subjective depth perception was improved compared with standard 2-D scopes. CONCLUSION In this first reported series of purely 3-D endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, we demonstrate subjectively improved depth perception and excellent outcomes with no increase in operative time. Three-dimensional endoscopes may become the standard tool for minimal access neurosurgery.

A new classification of solvents based on chemometric empirical scale of parameters

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Pytela
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relation ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide ◽  
Centroid Method ◽  
The Individual

The paper presents a classification of 51 solvents based on clustering in three-dimensional space formed by the empirical scale of PAC, PBC, and PPC parameters designed for interpretation of solvent effect on a model with cross-terms. For the classification used are the clustering methods of the nearest neighbour, of the furthest neighbour, of average bond, and the centroid method. As a result, the solvents have been divided into 8 classes denoted as: I - nonpolar-inert solvents (aliphatic hydrocarbons), IIp - nonpolar-polarizable (aromatic hydrocarbons, tetrachloromethane, carbon disulphide), IIb - nonpolar-basic (ethers, triethylamine), IIIp - little polar-polarizable (aliphatic halogen derivatives, substituted benzenes with heteroatom-containing substituents), IIIb - little polar-basic (cyclic ethers, ketones, esters, pyridine), IVa - polar-aprotic (acetanhydride, dialkylamides, acetonitrile, nitromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane), IVp - polar-protic (alcohols, acetic acid), and V - exceptional solvents (water, formamide, glycol, hexamethylphosphoric triamide). The information content of the individual parameters used for the classification has been determined. The classification is based primarily on solvent polarity/acidity (PAC), less on polarity/basicity (PBC), and the least on polarity/polarizability (PPC). Causal relation between chemical structure of solvent and its effect on the process taking place therein has been established.

Comparison Between Healthy and Reduced Hand Function Using Ranges of Motion and a Weighted Fingertip Space Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Leitkam ◽  
Tamara Reid Bush
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Hand Model ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
The Individual

Detection and quantification of changes in hand function are important for patients with loss of function and clinicians who are treating them. A recently developed model, the weighted fingertip space (WFS) quantifies the hand function of individuals in three-dimensional space and applies kinematic weighting parameters to identify regions of reachable space with high and low hand function. The goal of this research was to use the WFS model to compare and contrast the functional abilities of healthy individuals with the abilities of individuals with reduced functionality due to arthritis (RFA). Twenty two individuals with no reported issues with hand function and 21 individuals with arthritis affecting the hand were included in the research. Functional models were calculated from the ranges of motion and hand dimension data for each individual. Each model showed the volume of reachable space for each fingertip of each hand, the number of ways to reach a point in space, the range of fingertip orientations possible at each point, and the range of possible force application directions (FADs) at each point. In addition, two group models were developed that showed how many individuals in both the healthy and RFA groups were able to reach the same points in space. The results showed differences between the two groups for the range of motion (ROM) measurements, the individual model calculations, and the group models. The ROM measurements showed significant differences for the joints of the thumb, extension of the nonthumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, and flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. Comparing the models, the two groups qualitatively showed similar patterns of functional measures in space, but with the RFA group able to reach a smaller volume of space. Quantitatively, the RFA group showed trends of smaller values for all of the calculated functional weighting parameters and significantly smaller reachable volume for all of the fingers. The group models showed that all healthy individuals were able to reach an overlapping space, while 18 of 21 RFA individuals were able to reach similar spaces. Combined, the results showed that the WFS model presents the abilities of the hand in ways that can be quantitatively and qualitatively compared. Thus, the potential of this hand model is that it could be used to assess and document the changes that occur in hand function due to rehabilitation or surgery, or as a guide to determine areas most accessible by various populations.

scholarly journals Imaging mitotic processes in three dimensions with lattice light-sheet microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractThere are few technologies that can capture mitotic processes occurring in three-dimensional space with the desired spatiotemporal resolution. Due to such technical limitations, our understanding of mitosis, which has been studied since the early 1880s, is still incomplete with regard to mitotic processes and their regulatory mechanisms at a molecular level. A recently developed high-resolution type of light-sheet microscopy, lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM), has achieved unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution scans of intracellular spaces at the whole-cell level. This technology enables experiments that were not possible before (e.g., tracking of growth of every spindle microtubule end and discrimination of individual chromosomes in living cells), thus providing a new avenue for the analysis of mitotic processes. Herein, principles of LLSM technology are introduced, as well as experimental techniques that became possible with LLSM. In addition, issues remaining to be solved for use of this technology in mitosis research, big image data problems, are presented to help guide mitosis research into a new era.

scholarly journals Optimization of preoperative verification of isolated middle ear abnormalities using virtual ct endoscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
I. A. Anikin ◽  
◽  
S. V. Astashchenko ◽  
M. V. Komarov ◽  
S. N. Il’in ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Endoscopy ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virtual Ct

Isolated anomalies of the middle ear are one of the most difficult areas of practical otorhinolaryngology. Its relevance is due to the rare occurrence, high technical complexity of performing surgical treatment, and the high frequency of unsatisfactory results of surgical interventions. One of the most important factors determining the success of medical actions is high-quality X-ray imaging at the diagnostic stage. It allows you to correctly assess the anatomical features of the temporal bone and plan the tactics of the surgeon. Over the past few years, new technological possibilities have been introduced for the imaging of the ear. Over the past several decades, multispiral computed tomography has been the gold standard of radiation research used in otosurgery. This study has established itself as an informative method for diagnosing middle ear pathology and should be used before planning surgical interventions, as well as a monitoring tool in the postoperative period and for assessing the course of middle ear diseases. With the development of computer-mathematical technologies, over time, it became possible to model the result in three-dimensional space on the basis of axial projection, which led to the emergence of a branch of radiation diagnostics, called virtual CT endoscopy. The work evaluates the specificity of virtual CT endoscopy performed at the preoperative stage in patients with isolated anomalies of the ossicle chain with intact stapes, in terms of diagnosing the continuity of the ossicle chain, changes in their configuration and adhesions with the surrounding bone structures. A comparative analysis of the specificity of standard two-dimensional computed tomography and virtual CT endoscopy was performed, where explorative tympanotomy was used as test results in 43 patients. The advantages of virtual CT endoscopy in visualization of minor defects in the structures of the tympanic cavity were revealed. The importance of virtual CT endoscopy in measuring the tympanic cavity in arbitrary planes was determined. In addition to the above, virtual endoscopy opens up new possibilities for measuring the anatomical structures of the middle ear in arbitrary planes, which makes it possible, for example, to calculate the length of the prosthesis intended for use as plasty of the ossicular chain before surgery.

Application of Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Bronchography and Angiography Reconstruction in Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy and Segmental Structure Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1137-1143
Author(s):  
Chao Yang Pan ◽  
Guoqiu Xu ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Wei Gan ◽  
Yunkun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Segmental Bronchus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Segmental Arteries

In thoracoscopic segmentectomy, accurate preoperative identification of intersegmental vessels, bronchi, and the surgical safety margin is vital. We applied three dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) reconstruction to appropriately plan thoracoscopic segmentectomy for Patients with pulmonary nodules. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and accuracy of 3D-CTBA reconstruction for the identification of segmental anatomical structures and variation during thoracoscopic segmentectomy.We retrospectively analyzed data of 30 patients who underwent 3D-CTBA reconstruction before thoracoscopic segmentectomy between January and May 2019 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. We compared the individual target segment arteries, veins, and bronchi identified during surgery with the preoperative 3D-CTBA model to evaluate its effectiveness and accuracy. The accuracy of the preoperative 3D-CTBA model for the identification of target segmental arteries, veins, and bronchi was 99.08% (108/109), 98.39% (122/124), and 100% (118/118), respectively. Through 3DCTBA modeling, we found mediastinal and interlobar types of lingular segmental arteries in six patients, and central veins were not found in seven patients. In addition, we detected rare anatomical variations in two patients; one patient had the right apical segmental bronchus that stemmed solely from the right primary bronchus (tracheal bronchus), and the other had rare right basal segmental variant bronchi and vessels. The 3D-CTBA model can precisely predict segmental bronchi and vessels and identify anatomical structure variations before operation, which can aid surgeons to avoid incorrect operation and improve surgical efficiency. This has important implications for thoracoscopic segmentectomy.

INFOLOD AND LANDMARK: SPATIAL PRESENTATION OF ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION AND COMPUTING REPRESENTATIVE OBJECTS FOR SPATIAL DATA

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENGO KOISO ◽  
TAKEHISA MORI ◽  
HIROAKI KAWAGISHI ◽  
KATSUMI TANAKA ◽  
TAKAHIRO MATSUMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
Attribute Information ◽  
Spatial Presentation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Representative Object

In this paper, we will propose a way of visualizing attribute information for spatial objects in the three-dimensional space and a calculation method for extracting a representative object from objects in a given region. In conventional three-dimensional visualizations such as architectural simulations, most of the attention has been paid to image data such as colors, shapes, and textures of spatial objects. In this research, we will focus on the attribute information of spatial objects including image data. We propose InfoLOD concept which introduces the notion of level of detail(LOD) to attribute information as well as image data such as photographs and computer graphics for controlling the visualization of attribute information in a three-dimensional space. The visualization is controlled based on distance and orientation, and we will also discuss the differentiation factor which visualizes the differences among the objects. In addition to visualization control, we will propose the LandMark algorithm for extracting a representative object from the objects in a given region based on their spatial occupancy ratio and the uniqueness of the attribute data. The region for browsing may be specified manually by the user or may be automatically specified by some algorithm. Here, we discuss the spatial glue operation which dynamically retrieves regions containing objects with user-specified attribute information unlike conventional method based on static mesh which are often used in GIS(Geographic Information System). We will also introduce some of our implementations in order to illustrate our ideas.

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