scholarly journals RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first–second trimester transition

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Prater ◽  
Russell S. Hamilton ◽  
Hong Wa Yung ◽  
Andrew M. Sharkey ◽  
Paul Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Early Placenta ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7–8 (n=8) and 13–14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment.

scholarly journals Application of molecular genetics to prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias: some limitations

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Graham ◽  
PP Green ◽  
RA McGraw ◽  
LM Davis
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Disease Gene ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Carrier Detection ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
High Level

Abstract Prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias have received much attention in recent years. The error rate in prenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy is less than 1%; fetoscopy is not possible, however, until the second trimester of pregnancy. Carrier detection based on bioassays of plasma has an irreducible error rate (approximately 5%?), because of the “lyonization” phenomenon in heterozygous women, and the final results are always probabilistic. New DNA methods promise to alleviate these difficulties. Prenatal diagnosis can be accomplished in the first trimester. “Lyonization” is bypassed in carrier detection, and the results may sometimes be essentially nonprobabilistic. But the DNA methods have certain limitations of their own which are not widely appreciated. Aside from cost and the necessity to adopt a new technology, there are inherent genetic problems: mothers must be heterozygous for both a disease gene and a marker gene, final results are probabilistic if the marker gene lies outside the disease gene, and multiple marker genes are often in linkage disequilibrium. We have concluded that a clinical unit planning to use the DNA methods must also maintain the conventional methods at a high level of performance.

scholarly journals Application of molecular genetics to prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias: some limitations

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764
Author(s):  
JB Graham ◽  
PP Green ◽  
RA McGraw ◽  
LM Davis
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Disease Gene ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Carrier Detection ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
High Level

Prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias have received much attention in recent years. The error rate in prenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy is less than 1%; fetoscopy is not possible, however, until the second trimester of pregnancy. Carrier detection based on bioassays of plasma has an irreducible error rate (approximately 5%?), because of the “lyonization” phenomenon in heterozygous women, and the final results are always probabilistic. New DNA methods promise to alleviate these difficulties. Prenatal diagnosis can be accomplished in the first trimester. “Lyonization” is bypassed in carrier detection, and the results may sometimes be essentially nonprobabilistic. But the DNA methods have certain limitations of their own which are not widely appreciated. Aside from cost and the necessity to adopt a new technology, there are inherent genetic problems: mothers must be heterozygous for both a disease gene and a marker gene, final results are probabilistic if the marker gene lies outside the disease gene, and multiple marker genes are often in linkage disequilibrium. We have concluded that a clinical unit planning to use the DNA methods must also maintain the conventional methods at a high level of performance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Hypoxia in Early Pregnancy on Placental Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9675
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Ronald J. Wong ◽  
David K. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Oxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant, with severe hypoxic conditions present during the first trimester. This hypoxic phase overlaps with the most critical stages of placental development, i.e., blastocyst implantation, cytotrophoblast invasion, and spiral artery remodeling initiation. Dysregulation of any of these steps in early gestation can result in pregnancy loss and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hypoxia has been shown to regulate not only the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and progenitor cells, but also the recruitment, phenotype, and function of maternal immune cells. In this review, we will summarize how oxygen levels in early placental development determine the survival, fate, and function of several important cell types, e.g., trophoblast stem cells, extravillous trophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, uterine natural killer cells, Hofbauer cells, and decidual macrophages. We will also discuss the cellular mechanisms used to cope with low oxygen tensions, such as the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, regulation of the metabolic pathway, and adaptation to autophagy. Understanding the beneficial roles of hypoxia in early placental development will provide insights into the root cause(s) of some pregnancy disorders, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.

scholarly journals Differentiation of memory cells in the T-helper subset during normal pregnancy andpreeclampsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vldimirovna Kudryashova ◽  
Natalya Yuryevna Sotnikova ◽  
Irina Aleksandrovna Panova ◽  
Lyudmila Viktorovna Kadyrova
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Level

The amount of Th1и and Th2 cells in the peripheral blood increased in the first trimester and remained at the high level during all the process of gestation. Changes in the quantity of memory cells were defined: by the enhanced level of Temra in the CD4+ subset and of IFNγ+ cells in the population of CD4+ Temra in the second trimester; by restoring the balance of Tcm, Tem and Temra to the values of nonpregnant donors in the third trimester. In preeclampsy pregnancy the level Th1, Th2 and IFNγ+ cells in CD4+ population of Temra was significantly higher then in normal pregnancy.

scholarly journals Single-Cell RNA-seq Identifies Cell Subsets in Human Placenta That Highly Expresses Factors to Drive Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Ashray ◽  
Anshul Bhide ◽  
Priyanka Chakarborty ◽  
Stacy Colaco ◽  
Anuradha Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Viral Budding ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Infection by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, which has posed a serious threat globally. Infection of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy is associated with complications like preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes; a proportion of neonates born to the infected mothers are also positive for the virus. During pregnancy, the placental barrier protects the fetus from pathogens and ensures healthy development. However, whether or not SARS-CoV-2 can infect the placenta is unknown. Herein, utilizing single-cell RNA-seq data, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2 and the S protein priming protease TMPRSS2 are co-expressed by a subset of syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) in the first trimester and extra villous trophoblasts (EVT) in the second trimester human placenta. The ACE2- and TMPRSS2-positive (ACE2+TMPRSS2+) placental subsets express mRNA for proteins involved in viral budding and replication. These cells also express mRNA for proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins in the host cells. We also discovered unique signatures of genes in ACE2+TMPRSS2+ STBs and EVTs. The ACE2+TMPRSS2+ STBs are highly differentiated cells and express genes involved mitochondrial metabolism and glucose transport. The second trimester ACE2+TMPRSS2+ EVTs are enriched for markers of endovascular trophoblasts. Further, both these subtypes abundantly expressed genes in Toll like receptor pathway, the second trimester EVTs (but not first trimester STBs) are also enriched for component of the JAK-STAT pathway that drive inflammation. To conclude, herein we uncovered the cellular targets for SARS-CoV-2 entry and show that these cells can potentially drive viremia in the developing human placenta. Our results provide a basic framework towards understanding the paraphernalia involved in SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnancy.

95-OR: Plasma miRNAs Levels at First Trimester of Pregnancy Predict Insulin Sensitivity Estimated at the Second Trimester of Pregnancy

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 95-OR
Author(s):  
CÉCILIA LÉGARÉ ◽  
VÉRONIQUE DESGAGNÉ ◽  
FRÉDÉRIQUE WHITE ◽  
MICHELLE S. SCOTT ◽  
PATRICE PERRON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Mirnas

Toxic Effect of 2-ethyl (bicyclo[2.2.1] heptane) on Bacterial Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Manukhov ◽  
L.S. Yaguzhinsky ◽  
M.V. Bermeshev ◽  
M.A. Zisman ◽  
V.G. Pevgov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lux Biosensors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ministry Of Higher Education

Toxic effect of 2-ethylnorbornane (2-ethyl(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) (EBH)) on bacteria has been studied using the E. coli pRecA-lux and E. coli pKatG- lux cells as lux-biosensors. It was shown that the addition of EBH to the incubation medium leads to death and growth retardation, high level oxidative stress and DNA damage in E. coli cells. It is assumed that the oxidation of EBH with atmospheric oxygen causes the formation of reactive oxygen species in the medium, which makes a major contribution to the toxicity of this substance. biosensor, luciferase, bioluminescence, inducible promoter, PrecA, PkatG The authors are grateful to Stanislav Filippovich Chalkin for the development of interdisciplinary ties in the scientific community. The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of Russia (Project Unique Identifier RFMEFI60417X0181, Agreement No. 14.604.21.0181 of 26.09.2017).

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