Cell polarity and microtubule organisation during mouse early embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Bernard Maro ◽  
Catherine Gueth-Hallonet ◽  
Joël Aghion ◽  
Claude Antony
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Epithelial Differentiation ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Asymmetrical Cell Division

We have studied the distribution and the role of microtubules in the major developmental events occuring during early development of the mouse. These events are the setting up of asymmetries within blastomeres, the process of asymmetrical cell division and the changes in cellular organisation taking place during epithelial differentiation.

Cell Polarity and Migration: Emerging Role for the Endosomal Sorting Machinery

Physiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Hélène Lobert ◽  
Harald Stenmark
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Endosomal Sorting ◽  
Escrt Machinery ◽  
Viral Budding ◽  
And Migration

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery has been implicated in the regulation of endosomal sorting, cell division, viral budding, autophagy, and cell signaling. Here, we review recent evidence that implicates ESCRTs in cell polarity and cell migration, and discuss the potential role of ESCRTs as tumor suppressors.

scholarly journals Stable inheritance of Sinorhizobium meliloti cell growth polarity requires an FtsN-like protein and an amidase

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Krol ◽  
Lisa Stuckenschneider ◽  
Joana M. Kästle Silva ◽  
Peter L. Graumann ◽  
Anke Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Cell Pole ◽  
Growth Polarity ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Rhizobiales bacteria, such as Sinorhizobium meliloti, cell elongation takes place only at new cell poles, generated by cell division. Here, we show that the role of the FtsN-like protein RgsS in S. meliloti extends beyond cell division. RgsS contains a conserved SPOR domain known to bind amidase-processed peptidoglycan. This part of RgsS and peptidoglycan amidase AmiC are crucial for reliable selection of the new cell pole as cell elongation zone. Absence of these components increases mobility of RgsS molecules, as well as abnormal RgsS accumulation and positioning of the growth zone at the old cell pole in about one third of the cells. These cells with inverted growth polarity are able to complete the cell cycle but show partially impaired chromosome segregation. We propose that amidase-processed peptidoglycan provides a landmark for RgsS to generate cell polarity in unipolarly growing Rhizobiales.

Development of gliomas: potential role of asymmetrical cell division of neural stem cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Berger ◽  
Emmanuel Gay ◽  
Laurent Pelletier ◽  
Philippe Tropel ◽  
Didier Wion
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Asymmetrical Cell Division

scholarly journals The postmitotic midbody: Regulating polarity, stemness, and proliferation

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 (12) ◽  
pp. 3903-3911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Peterman ◽  
Rytis Prekeris
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Endocytic Trafficking ◽  
Microtubule Severing ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Abscission, the final stage of cell division, requires well-orchestrated changes in endocytic trafficking, microtubule severing, actin clearance, and the physical sealing of the daughter cell membranes. These processes are highly regulated, and any missteps in localized membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics often lead to a delay or a failure in cell division. The midbody, a microtubule-rich structure that forms during cytokinesis, is a key regulator of abscission and appears to function as a signaling platform coordinating cytoskeleton and endosomal dynamics during the terminal stages of cell division. It was long thought that immediately following abscission and the conclusion of cell division, the midbody is either released or rapidly degraded by one of the daughter cells. Recently, the midbody has gained prominence for exerting postmitotic functions. In this review, we detail the role of the midbody in orchestrating abscission, as well as discuss the relatively new field of postabscission midbody biology, particularly focusing on how it may act to regulate cell polarity and its potential to regulate cell tumorigenicity or stemness.

scholarly journals KLF4 coordinates corneal epithelial apicobasal polarity and plane of cell division, and is downregulated in ocular surface squamous neoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Tiwari ◽  
Sudha Swamynathan ◽  
Vishal Jhanji ◽  
Shivalingappa K. Swamynathan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Actin Organization ◽  
Apicobasal Polarity

AbstractApicobasal polarity (ABP) is an important feature of many epithelial cells, including those in the stratified squamous corneal epithelium (CE). Previously, we demonstrated that KLF4 promotes CE homeostasis by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGF-β signaling. As dysregulation of TGF-β signaling affects ABP, we investigated the role of KLF4 in regulating cell polarity and plane of division by spatiotemporally regulated ablation of Klf4 in adult ternary transgenic Klf4Δ/ΔCE (Klf4LoxP/LoxP/Krt12rtTA/rtTA/Tet-O-Cre) mouse CE. Klf4Δ/ΔCE cells displayed decreased expression and mis-localization of apical polarity markers Pals1 and Crumbs1, apicolateral Par3, and basolateral Scribble. Cdc42 was upregulated, while Rac and Rho were mis-localized in the Klf4Δ/ΔCE cytoplasm unlike their cortical expression in the control. Phalloidin staining revealed disrupted actin cytoskeleton in the Klf4Δ/ΔCE cells. Survivin and phospho-histone-H3 immunostaining revealed a tilt in the plane of cell division favoring symmetrical divisions with vertical axis in the Klf4Δ/ΔCE compared with predominantly asymmetrical divisions with horizontal axis in the control. Human ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) tissues displayed signs of EMT and loss of ABP markers PAR3, PALS1 and SCRIB, coupled with downregulation of KLF4. By demonstrating that Klf4 ablation affects CE expression of ABP markers and Rho family GTPases, cytoskeletal actin organization and the plane of cell division, and that KLF4 is downregulated in OSSN tissues that display EMT and lack ABP, these results elucidate the key integrative role of KLF4 in coordinating CE cell polarity and plane of division, loss of which results in OSSN.

scholarly journals The role of targeted secretion in the establishment of cell polarity and the orientation of the division plane in Fucus zygotes

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 2623-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Shaw ◽  
R.S. Quatrano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Polar Growth ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Axis Fixation

In this study, we investigate the role of polar secretion and the resulting asymmetry in the cell wall in establishing polarity in Fucus zygotes. We have utilized brefeldin-A to selectively interrupt secretion of Golgi-derived material into the cell wall as assayed by toluidine blue O staining of sulfated fucoidin. We show that the polar secretion of Golgi-derived material is targeted to a cortical site of the zygote identified by the localization of actin filaments and dihydropyridine receptors. The deposition of Golgi-derived material into the cell wall at this target site is temporally coincident with and required for polar axis fixation. We propose that local secretion of Golgi-derived material into the cell wall transforms the target site into the fixed site of polar growth. We also found that polar secretion of Golgi-derived material at the fixed site is essential for growth and differentiation of the rhizoid, as well as for the proper positioning of the first plane of cell division. We propose that the resulting asymmetry in the cell wall serves as positional information for the underlying cortex to initiate these polar events. Our data supports the hypothesis that cell wall factors in embryos, previously shown to be responsible for induction of rhizoid cell differentiation, are deposited simultaneously with and are responsible for polar axis fixation. Furthermore, the pattern of polar growth is attributable to a positional signal at the fixed site and appears to be independent of the orientation of the first cell division plane. Thus, the establishment of zygotic cell polarity and not the position of the first division plane, is critical for the formation of the initial embryonic pattern in Fucus.

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