Demonstration of a phagocytic cell system belonging to the hemopoietic lineage and originating from the yolk sac in the early avian embryo

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Cuadros ◽  
P. Coltey ◽  
M. Carmen Nieto ◽  
C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Phagocytic Cell ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Hemopoietic Cells

It is well established that hemopoietic cells arising from the yolk sac invade the avian embryo. To study the fate and role of these cells during the first 2.5-4.5 days of incubation, we constructed yolk sac chimeras (a chick embryo grafted on a quail yolk sac and vice versa) and immunostained them with antibodies specific to cells of quail hemangioblastic lineage (MB1 and QH1). This approach revealed that endothelial cells of the embryonic vessels are of intraembryonic origin. In contrast, numerous hemopoietic cells of yolk sac origin were seen in embryos ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 days of incubation. These cells were already present within the vessels and in the mesenchyme at the earliest developmental stages analyzed. Two hemopoietic cell types of yolk sac origin were distinguishable, undifferentiated cells and macrophage-like cells. The number of the latter cells increased progressively as development proceeded, and they showed marked acid phosphatase activity and phagocytic capacity, as revealed by the presence of numerous phagocytic inclusions in their cytoplasm. The macrophage-like cells were mostly distributed in the mesenchyme and also appeared within some organ primordia such as the neural tube, the liver anlage and the nephric rudiment. Comparison of the results in the two types of chimeras and the findings obtained with acid phosphatase/MB1 double labelling showed that some hemopoietic macrophage-like cells of intraembryonic origin were also present at the stages considered. These results support the existence in the early avian embryo of a phagocytic cell system of blood cell lineage, derived chiefly from the yolk sac. Cells belonging to this system perform phagocytosis in cell death and may also be involved in other morphogenetic processes.

On the origin of haemopoietic stem cells in the avian embryo: an experimental approach

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-619
Author(s):  
par Françoise Dieterlen-Lievre
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Haemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Series ◽  
Haemopoietic Cells

It is currently accepted that stem cells of the definitive blood cell lines originate from the yolk-sac blood islands. Experiments were devised to examine the validity of this theory in the avian embryo. These involved grafting two-day-old quail embryos on to chick yolk-sacs of comparable developmental stages, i.e. before or shortly after the establishment of vascularization.The conclusions of the experiments are based on the possibility of distinguishing chick cell nuclei from those of the quail. In the developing haemopoietic organs (spleen and thymus) of quail embryos grafted on to the chick and subsequently incubated for 6–11 days, all cells, whether belonging to the granulopoietic, erythropoietic or lymphopoietic series, are of quail type. Thus these organs have not been colonized by chick stem cells. On the other hand, coelomic graft experiments show that the development of these organs is indeed dependent on an extrinsic colonization by haemopoietic cells; quail spleen or thymus rudiment, developing in the coelom of a chick, is populated by chick cells. Thus no incompatibility which would prevent heterospecific colonization exists in this system. It is concluded that haemopoietic stem cells of the definitive blood cell series originate from some source other than the yolk-sac, and that this source must be intra-embryonic.

scholarly journals Crayfish hemocytes develop along the granular cell lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Zaichao Zheng ◽  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Rongrong Fu ◽  
Limei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractDespite the central role of hemocytes in crustacean immunity, the process of hemocyte differentiation and maturation remains unclear. In some decapods, it has been proposed that the two main types of hemocytes, granular cells (GCs) and semigranular cells (SGCs), differentiate along separate lineages. However, our current findings challenge this model. By tracking newly produced hemocytes and transplanted cells, we demonstrate that almost all the circulating hemocytes of crayfish belong to the GC lineage. SGCs and GCs may represent hemocytes of different developmental stages rather than two types of fully differentiated cells. Hemocyte precursors produced by progenitor cells differentiate in the hematopoietic tissue (HPT) for 3 ~ 4 days. Immature hemocytes are released from HPT in the form of SGCs and take 1 ~ 3 months to mature in the circulation. GCs represent the terminal stage of development. They can survive for as long as 2 months. The changes in the expression pattern of marker genes during GC differentiation support our conclusions. Further analysis of hemocyte phagocytosis indicates the existence of functionally different subpopulations. These findings may reshape our understanding of crustacean hematopoiesis and may lead to reconsideration of the roles and relationship of circulating hemocytes.

Fatty acid esterification in the yolk sac membrane of the avian embryo

2004 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Powell ◽  
E. A. Deans ◽  
B. K. Speake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Fatty Acid Esterification

scholarly journals Identification and sequence analysis of a new member of the mouse HSP70 gene family and characterization of its unique cellular and developmental pattern of expression in the male germ line.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2925-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z F Zakeri ◽  
D J Wolgemuth ◽  
C R Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Male Germ Line ◽  
Sequence Organization

A unique member of the mouse HSP70 gene family has been isolated and characterized with respect to its DNA sequence organization and expression. The gene contains extensive similarity to a heat shock-inducible HSP70 gene within the coding region but diverges in both 3' and 5' nontranslated regions. The gene does not yield transcripts in response to heat shock in mouse L cells. Rather, the gene appears to be activated uniquely in the male germ line. Analysis of RNA from different developmental stages and from enriched populations of spermatogenic cells revealed that this gene is expressed during the prophase stage of meiosis. A transcript different in size from the major heat-inducible mouse transcripts is most abundant in meiotic prophase spermatocytes and decreases in abundance in postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. This pattern of expression is distinct from that observed for another member of this gene family, which was previously shown to be expressed abundantly in postmeiotic germ cells. These observations suggest that specific HSP70 gene family members play distinct roles in the differentiation of the germ cell lineage in mammals.

Acid phosphatase isoforms in dry seeds and during seedling development in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-658
Author(s):  
S. Pasqualini ◽  
P. Batini ◽  
L. Ederli ◽  
F. Panara ◽  
M. Antonielli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

The acid phosphatase activity in the soluble, membrane, and cell wall fractions from Hordeum vulgare in dry seeds and during seedling development was investigated. The acid phosphatase activities were also assayed in barley roots and coleoptiles at different developmental stages. Electrophoretic patterns of multiple acid phosphatases in seeds, endosperms and embryos, and growing roots and coleoptiles are shown. The enzyme activity shows a rapid decrease in both roots and coleoptiles during growth. Using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, multiple acid phosphatase forms were found in all the organs examined. However, no qualitative differences in the location of bands were observed between root and coleoptile extract at various stages of development. The coleoptile cell wall fraction showed an acid phosphatase form characterized by a very low electrophoretic mobility that was not found in the soluble fraction. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., acid phosphatase, isoforms, seedlings growth.

scholarly journals Ordered progression of stage-specific miRNA profiles in the mouse B2 B-cell lineage

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (20) ◽  
pp. 5340-5349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Spierings ◽  
Daniel McGoldrick ◽  
Ann Marie Hamilton-Easton ◽  
Geoffrey Neale ◽  
Elizabeth P. Murchison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Micro Rnas

Abstract Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as critical regulators of gene expression, and deregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases. To provide a framework for the role of miRNAs in B-cell development and malignancy, we deep-sequenced miRNAs from B1 cells and 10 developmental stages that can be identified within the mouse B2 B-cell lineage. The expression profiles of the 232 known miRNAs that are expressed during B-cell development display stage-specific induction patterns, yet hierarchical clustering analysis showed relationships that are in full agreement with the model of the B2 B-cell developmental pathway. Analysis of exemplary miRNA expression profiles (miR-150, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181) confirmed that our data are in agreement with previous results. The high resolution of the expression data allowed for the identification of the sequential expression of oncomir-1/miR-17-92 and its paralogs miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25 in subsequent developmental stages in the BM. Further, we have identified and validated 45 novel miRNAs and 6 novel miRNA candidates expressed in developing B cells.

scholarly journals The SCL gene is formed from a transcriptionally complex locus.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6426-6435 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Aplan ◽  
C G Begley ◽  
V Bertness ◽  
M Nussmeier ◽  
A Ezquerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Hematopoietic Differentiation ◽  
Hematopoietic Development ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Complex Locus

We describe the structural organization of the human SCL gene, a helix-loop-helix family member which we believe plays a fundamental role in hematopoietic differentiation. The SCL locus is composed of eight exons distributed over 16 kb. SCL shows a pattern of expression quite restricted to early hematopoietic tissues, although in malignant states expression of the gene may be somewhat extended into later developmental stages. A detailed analysis of the transcript(s) arising from the SCL locus revealed that (i) the 5' noncoding portion of the SCL transcript, which resides within a CpG island, has a complex pattern of alternative exon utilization as well as two distinct transcription initiation sites; (ii) the 5' portions of the SCL transcript contain features that suggest a possible regulatory role for these segments; (iii) the pattern of utilization of the 5' exons is cell lineage dependent; and (iv) all of the currently studied chromosomal aberrations that affect the SCL locus either structurally or functionally eliminate the normal 5' transcription initiation sites. These data suggest that the SCL gene, and specifically its 5' region, may be a target for regulatory interactions during early hematopoietic development.

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