Heterotopic transplantation of presumptive placodal ectoderm changes the fate of sensory neuron precursors

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Vogel ◽  
A.M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Heterotopic Transplantation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Nodose Ganglia ◽  
Innervation Patterns

The placode-derived cranial sensory neurons of the vestibular and nodose ganglia in avian embryos exhibit differences in neurite growth rate and the duration of neurotrophin-independent survival in vitro that arise prior to gangliogenesis and target contact (Davies, A. M. (1989) Nature 337, 553–555; Vogel, K. S. and Davies, A. M. (1991) Neuron 7, 819–830). To ascertain the state of commitment of presumptive placodal ectoderm to differentiate into neurons of the vestibular or nodose type, we performed heterotopic transplantation of labelled presumptive placodal ectoderm at E1.5 in the chicken embryo. We then assayed transplant-derived neurons for hindbrain innervation patterns, neurite growth and survival at E3.5. We show that presumptive placodal ectoderm is not determined to give rise to neurons of the vestibular or nodose phenotype at E1.5. Explantation of presumptive placodal ectoderm at E1.5 showed that this ectoderm is also not specified to differentiate into neurons at this stage. In addition, we demonstrate that non-neurogenic ectoderm from the trunk can give rise to nodose-type neurons when transplanted heterotopically to the nodose region.

Developmental programmes of growth and survival in early sensory neurons

1991 ◽  
Vol 331 (1261) ◽  
pp. 259-262
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Target Distance ◽  
Trophic Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Target Field ◽  
Developing Nervous System

In the developing vertebrate nervous system the survival of neurons becomes dependent on the supply of a neurotrophic factor from their targets when their axons reach these targets. To determine how the onset of neurotrophic factor dependency is coordinated with the arrival of axons in the target field, we have studied the growth and survival of four populations of cranial sensory neurons whose axons have markedly different distances to grow to reach their targets. Axonal growth rate both in vivo and in vitro is related to target distance; neurons with more distant targets grow faster. The onset trophic factor dependency in culture is also related to target distance; neurons with more distant targets survive longer before becoming trophic factor dependent. These data suggest that programmes of growth and survival in early neurons play an important role in coordinating the timing of trophic interactions in the developing nervous system.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulate Growth Cone Motility, Guidance, and Neurite Growth Rate in Perinatal Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 7402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Steketee ◽  
Stavros N. Moysidis ◽  
Jessica E. Weinstein ◽  
Alex Kreymerman ◽  
Jose P. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

Ethanol inhibits NMDA-stimulated neurite growth by sensory neurons in vitro

Neuroreport ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Dow ◽  
R. J. Riopellet
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neurite Growth

scholarly journals Rv3737 Is Required for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Growth in Vitro and in Vivo and Correlates With Bacterial Load and Disease Severity in Human Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Zhangli Peng ◽  
Xuefeng Fu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Zhaoliang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
Standard Culture

Abstract Arms:Rv3737 is the sole homologueof multifunctionaltransporter ThrEin Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this transporter participates in vitroand in vivosurvival of Mtb.Methods:To characterize the role of Rv3737, we constructed and characterized a Mtb H37RvΔRv3737. This strain was evaluated for altered growth rate and macrophage survivalusing acell model of infection. In addition, the comparative analysis was conducted to determine the association between Rv3737mRNA expression and disease severity in active pulmonary TB patients. Results:The H37RvΔRv3737 strain exhibited significantlyslow growth rate compared to H37Rv-WT strain in standard culture medium. Additionally, the survival rate of H37Rv-WTstrain in macrophages was 2 folds higher than that of H37RvΔRv3737 at 72 h. A significantlyhigher level of TNF-αand IL-6mRNA expression was observed in macrophages infected with H37RvΔRv3737 as compared to H37Rv-WT. Of note, Rv3737 expression was significantly increased in clinical Mtbisolates than H37Rv-WT. The relative expression level of Rv3737 was positively correlated with lung cavity numberof TB patients. Similarly, the higher Rv3737 mRNA level resulted in lower C(t) value by Xpert MTB/RIF assay, demonstrating that a positive correlation between Rv3737 expression and bacterial load in TB patients. Conclusions: Our data takes the lead indemonstrate that the transporter Rv3737 is required for in vitrogrowth and survival of bacteria inside macrophages. In addition, the expression level of Rv3737 is associated with bacterial load and disease severity inpulmonary tuberculosis patients.

scholarly journals Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles—Toxicity and Effect of In Ovo Inoculation on Chicken Embryo Development, Broiler Performance and Bone Status

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matuszewski ◽  
Monika Łukasiewicz ◽  
Jan Niemiec ◽  
Maciej Kamaszewski ◽  
Sławomir Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo

The use of intensive selection procedure in modern broiler chicken lines has led to the development of several skeletal disorders in broiler chickens. Therefore, current research is focused on methods to improve the bone quality in birds. In ovo technology, using nanoparticles with a high specificity to bones, is a potential approach. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of in ovo inoculation (IOI) of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCN) on chicken embryo development, health status, bone characteristics, and on broiler production results and bone quality. After assessing in vitro cell viability, the IOI procedure was performed with an injection of 500 μg/mL CCN. The control group was not inoculated with CCN. Hatchability, weight, and selected bone and serum parameters were measured in embryos. Part of hatchlings were reared under standard conditions until 42 days, and production results, meat quality, and bone quality of broilers were determined. CCN did not show cytotoxicity to cells and chicken embryo and positively influenced bone parameters of the embryos and of broilers later (calcification) without negatively affecting the production results. Thus, the IOI of CCN could modify the molecular responses at the stage of embryogenesis, resulting in better mineralization, and could provide a sustained effect, thereby improving bone quality in adult birds.

scholarly journals Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum apicortin with α- and β-tubulin is critical for parasite growth and survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malabika Chakrabarti ◽  
Nishant Joshi ◽  
Geeta Kumari ◽  
Preeti Singh ◽  
Rumaisha Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Replication ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractCytoskeletal structures of Apicomplexan parasites are important for parasite replication, motility, invasion to the host cell and survival. Apicortin, an Apicomplexan specific protein appears to be a crucial factor in maintaining stability of the parasite cytoskeletal assemblies. However, the function of apicortin, in terms of interaction with microtubules still remains elusive. Herein, we have attempted to elucidate the function of Plasmodium falciparum apicortin by monitoring its interaction with two main components of parasite microtubular structure, α-tubulin-I and β-tubulin through in silico and in vitro studies. Further, a p25 domain binding generic drug Tamoxifen (TMX), was used to disrupt PfApicortin-tubulin interactions which led to the inhibition in growth and progression of blood stage life cycle of P. falciparum.

scholarly journals In vitro phosphorylation of tropomyosin by a kinase from chicken embryo.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (9) ◽  
pp. 5555-5560 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Montgomery ◽  
A S Mak
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Embryo

scholarly journals Effects of floral thermogenesis on pollen function in Asian skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Seymour ◽  
Yuka Ito ◽  
Yoshihiko Onda ◽  
Kikukatsu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Skunk Cabbage ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth rate were measured in vitro in thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius Schott ex Tzvelev, and related to floral temperatures in the field. This species has physiologically thermoregulatory spadices that maintain temperatures near 23°C, even in sub-freezing air. Tests at 8, 13, 18, 23, 28 and 33°C showed sharp optima at 23°C for both variables, and practically no development at 8°C. Thermogenesis is therefore a requirement for fertilization in early spring. The narrow temperature tolerance is probably related to a long period of evolution in flowers that thermoregulate within a narrow range.

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