scholarly journals Homeobox genes and connective tissue patterning

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Oliver ◽  
R. Wehr ◽  
N.A. Jenkins ◽  
N.G. Copeland ◽  
B.N. Cheyette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Tissue Patterning

In vertebrates, limb tendons are derived from cells that migrate from the lateral plate mesoderm during early development. While some of the developmental steps leading to the formation of these tissues are known, little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling them. We have identified two murine homeobox-containing genes, Six 1 and Six 2, which are expressed in a complementary fashion during the development of limb tendons. Transcripts for both genes are found in different sets of phalangeal tendons. Six 1 and Six 2 also are expressed in skeletal and smooth muscle, respectively. These genes may participate in the patterning of the distal tendons of the limb phalanges by setting positional values along the limb axes.

Mesodermal subdivision along the mediolateral axis in chicken controlled by different concentrations of BMP-4

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1975-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tonegawa ◽  
N. Funayama ◽  
N. Ueno ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Presomitic Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Cos Cells ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Molecular mechanisms by which the mesoderm is subdivided along the mediolateral axis in early chicken embryos have been studied. When the presomitic mesoderm (medial mesoderm) was transplanted into the lateral plate, the graft was transformed into lateral plate tissue, indicating that the primitive somite was not fully committed and that the lateral plate has a cue for mesodermal lateralization. Since the lateral plate expresses a high level of BMP-4 mRNA, a member of the TGF-beta family, we hypothesized that it is the molecule responsible for the lateralization of the somite. To test this, we transplanted COS cells producing BMP-4 into the presomitic region. Those cells locally prevented the presomitic cells from differentiating into somites, converting them instead into lateral plate mesoderm, which was revealed by expression of cytokeratin mRNA, a marker for the lateral plate. The effect was dependent on the level of effective BMP-4: with a high level of BMP-4, the somite was transformed completely to lateral plate; with a low level, the somite formed but was occupied by the lateral somitic component expressing cSim 1, a marker for the lateral somite. These results suggest that different thresholds of effective BMP-4 determine distinct subtypes of the mesoderm as a lateralizer during early development.

scholarly journals A conserved regulatory program drives emergence of the lateral plate mesoderm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin D. Prummel ◽  
Christopher Hess ◽  
Susan Nieuwenhuize ◽  
Hugo J. Parker ◽  
Katherine W. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Reporter Activity ◽  
Vertebrate Embryo

AbstractCardiovascular lineages develop together with kidney, smooth muscle, and limb connective tissue progenitors from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). How the LPM initially emerges and how its downstream fates are molecularly interconnected remain unknown. Here, we isolated a pan-LPM enhancer in the zebrafish draculin (drl) gene that provides specific LPM reporter activity from early gastrulation. In toto live imaging and lineage tracing of drl-based reporters captured the dynamic LPM emergence as lineage-restricted mesendoderm field. The drl pan-LPM enhancer responds to the transcription factors EomesoderminA, FoxH1, and MixL1 that combined with Smad activity drive LPM emergence. We uncovered specific drl reporter activity in LPM-corresponding territories of several chordates including chicken, axolotl, lamprey, Ciona, and amphioxus, revealing a universal upstream LPM program. Altogether, our work provides a mechanistic framework for LPM emergence as defined progenitor field, possibly representing an ancient mesodermal cell state that predates the primordial vertebrate embryo.

scholarly journals Analyses of Avascular Mutants Reveal Unique Transcriptomic Signature of Non-conventional Endothelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boryeong Pak ◽  
Christopher E. Schmitt ◽  
Woosoung Choi ◽  
Jun-Dae Kim ◽  
Orjin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Developmental Origin ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature

Endothelial cells appear to emerge from diverse progenitors. However, to which extent their developmental origin contributes to define their cellular and molecular characteristics remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a subset of endothelial cells that emerge from the tailbud possess unique molecular characteristics that set them apart from stereotypical lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)-derived endothelial cells. Lineage tracing shows that these tailbud-derived endothelial cells arise at mid-somitogenesis stages, and surprisingly do not require Npas4l or Etsrp function, indicating that they have distinct spatiotemporal origins and are regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms. Microarray and single cell RNA-seq analyses reveal that somitogenesis- and neurogenesis-associated transcripts are over-represented in these tailbud-derived endothelial cells, suggesting that they possess a unique transcriptomic signature. Taken together, our results further reveal the diversity of endothelial cells with respect to their developmental origin and molecular properties, and provide compelling evidence that the molecular characteristics of endothelial cells may reflect their distinct developmental history.

scholarly journals Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglantine Heude ◽  
Marketa Tesarova ◽  
Elizabeth M. Sefton ◽  
Estelle Jullian ◽  
Noritaka Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Genetic Networks ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Lateral Plate

ABSTRACTIn vertebrates, head and trunk muscles develop from different mesodermal populations and are regulated by distinct genetic networks. Neck muscles at the head-trunk interface remain poorly defined due to their complex morphogenesis and dual mesodermal origins. Here, we use genetically modified mice to establish a 3D model that integrates regulatory genes, cell populations and morphogenetic events that define this transition zone. We show that the evolutionary conserved cucullaris-derived muscles originate from posterior cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, not lateral plate mesoderm, and we define new boundaries for neural crest and mesodermal contributions to neck connective tissue. Furthermore, lineage studies and functional analysis of Tbx1- and Pax3-null mice reveal a unique genetic program for somitic neck muscles that is distinct from that of somitic trunk muscles. Our findings unveil the embryological and developmental requirements underlying tetrapod neck myogenesis and provide a blueprint to investigate how muscle subsets are selectively affected in some human myopathies.

Coelom formation: binary decision of the lateral plate mesoderm is controlled by the ectoderm

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (18) ◽  
pp. 4129-4138 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Funayama ◽  
Y. Sato ◽  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Ogura ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Coelom Formation

Most triploblastic animals including vertebrates have a coelomic cavity that separates the outer and inner components of the body. The coelom is lined by two different tissue components, somatopleure and splanchnopleure, which are derived from the lateral plate region. Thus, the coelom is constructed as a result of a binary decision during early specification of the lateral plate. In this report we studied the molecular mechanisms of this binary decision. We first demonstrate that the splitting of the lateral plate into the two cell sheets progresses in an anteroposterior order and this progression is not coordinated with that of the somitic segmentation. By a series of embryological manipulations we found that young splanchnic mesoderm is still competent to be respecified as somatic mesoderm, and the ectoderm overlying the lateral plate is sufficient for this redirection. The lateral ectoderm is also required for maintenance of the somatic character of the mesoderm. Thus, the ectoderm plays at least two roles in the early subdivision of the lateral plate: specification and maintenance of the somatic mesoderm. We also show that the latter interactions are mediated by BMP molecules that are localized in the lateral ectoderm. Evolutionary aspects of the coelom formation are also considered.

scholarly journals Human iPS-derived pre-epicardial cells direct cardiomyocyte aggregation expansion and organization in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Tan ◽  
Jacques P. Guyette ◽  
Kenji Miki ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Gurbani Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Epicardial Cells ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Cell Layers

AbstractEpicardial formation is necessary for normal myocardial morphogenesis. Here, we show that differentiating hiPSC-derived lateral plate mesoderm with BMP4, RA and VEGF (BVR) can generate a premature form of epicardial cells (termed pre-epicardial cells, PECs) expressing WT1, TBX18, SEMA3D, and SCX within 7 days. BVR stimulation after Wnt inhibition of LPM demonstrates co-differentiation and spatial organization of PECs and cardiomyocytes (CMs) in a single 2D culture. Co-culture consolidates CMs into dense aggregates, which then form a connected beating syncytium with enhanced contractility and calcium handling; while PECs become more mature with significant upregulation of UPK1B, ITGA4, and ALDH1A2 expressions. Our study also demonstrates that PECs secrete IGF2 and stimulate CM proliferation in co-culture. Three-dimensional PEC-CM spheroid co-cultures form outer smooth muscle cell layers on cardiac micro-tissues with organized internal luminal structures. These characteristics suggest PECs could play a key role in enhancing tissue organization within engineered cardiac constructs in vitro.

scholarly journals Unexpected contribution of fibroblasts to muscle lineage as a mechanism for limb muscle patterning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Esteves de Lima ◽  
Cédrine Blavet ◽  
Marie-Ange Bonnin ◽  
Estelle Hirsinger ◽  
Glenda Comai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Bmp Signalling

AbstractPositional information driving limb muscle patterning is contained in connective tissue fibroblasts but not in myogenic cells. Limb muscles originate from somites, while connective tissues originate from lateral plate mesoderm. With cell and genetic lineage tracing we challenge this model and identify an unexpected contribution of lateral plate-derived fibroblasts to the myogenic lineage, preferentially at the myotendinous junction. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from whole limbs at successive developmental stages identifies a population displaying a dual muscle and connective tissue signature. BMP signalling is active in this dual population and at the tendon/muscle interface. In vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments show that BMP signalling regulates a fibroblast-to-myoblast conversion. These results suggest a scenario in which BMP signalling converts a subset of lateral plate mesoderm-derived cells to a myogenic fate in order to create a boundary of fibroblast-derived myonuclei at the myotendinous junction that controls limb muscle patterning.

scholarly journals Expression of (beta)-catenin in the developing chick myotome is regulated by myogenic signals

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (19) ◽  
pp. 4105-4113
Author(s):  
M. Schmidt ◽  
M. Tanaka ◽  
A. Munsterberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Myogenic Precursor

The developmental signals that govern cell specification and differentiation in vertebrate somites are well understood. However, little is known about the downstream signalling pathways involved. We have shown previously that a combination of Shh protein and Wnt1 or Wnt3a-expressing fibroblasts is sufficient to activate skeletal muscle-specific gene expression in somite explants. Here, we have examined the molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt-mediated signal acts on myogenic precursor cells. We show that chick frizzled 1 (Fz1), beta-catenin and Lef1 are expressed during somitogenesis. Lef1 and beta-catenin transcripts become restricted to the developing myotome. Furthermore, beta-catenin is expressed prior to the time at which MyoD transcripts can be detected. Expression of beta-catenin mRNA is regulated by positive and negative signals derived from neural tube, notochord and lateral plate mesoderm. These signals include Bmp4, Shh and Wnt1/Wnt3a itself. In somite explants, Fz1, beta-catenin and Lef1 are expressed prior to activation of myogenesis in response to Shh and Wnt signals. Thus, our data show that a combination of Shh and Wnt1 upregulates expression of Wnt pathway components in developing somites prior to myogenesis. Thus, Wnt1 could act through beta-catenin on cells in the myotome.

scholarly journals BMP signalling directs a fibroblast-to-myoblast conversion at the connective tissue/muscle interface to pattern limb muscles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Esteves de Lima ◽  
Cédrine Blavet ◽  
Marie-Ange Bonnin ◽  
Estelle Hirsinger ◽  
Glenda Comai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Bmp Signalling

AbstractPositional information driving limb muscle patterning is contained in lateral plate mesoderm-derived tissues, such as tendon or muscle connective tissue but not in myogenic cells themselves. The long-standing consensus is that myogenic cells originate from the somitic mesoderm, while connective tissue fibroblasts originate from the lateral plate mesoderm. We challenged this model using cell and genetic lineage tracing experiments in birds and mice, respectively, and identified a subpopulation of myogenic cells at the muscle tips close to tendons originating from the lateral plate mesoderm and derived from connective tissue gene lineages. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data obtained from limb cells at successive developmental stages revealed a subpopulation of cells displaying a dual muscle and connective tissue signature, in addition to independent muscle and connective tissue populations. Active BMP signalling was detected in this junctional cell sub-population and at the tendon/muscle interface in developing limbs. BMP gain- and loss-of-function experiments performed in vivo and in vitro showed that this signalling pathway regulated a fibroblast-to-myoblast conversion. We propose that localised BMP signalling converts a subset of lateral plate mesoderm-derived fibroblasts to a myogenic fate and establishes a boundary of fibroblast-derived myonuclei at the muscle/tendon interface to control the muscle pattern during limb development.

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