Mesodermal subdivision along the mediolateral axis in chicken controlled by different concentrations of BMP-4

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1975-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tonegawa ◽  
N. Funayama ◽  
N. Ueno ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Presomitic Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Cos Cells ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Molecular mechanisms by which the mesoderm is subdivided along the mediolateral axis in early chicken embryos have been studied. When the presomitic mesoderm (medial mesoderm) was transplanted into the lateral plate, the graft was transformed into lateral plate tissue, indicating that the primitive somite was not fully committed and that the lateral plate has a cue for mesodermal lateralization. Since the lateral plate expresses a high level of BMP-4 mRNA, a member of the TGF-beta family, we hypothesized that it is the molecule responsible for the lateralization of the somite. To test this, we transplanted COS cells producing BMP-4 into the presomitic region. Those cells locally prevented the presomitic cells from differentiating into somites, converting them instead into lateral plate mesoderm, which was revealed by expression of cytokeratin mRNA, a marker for the lateral plate. The effect was dependent on the level of effective BMP-4: with a high level of BMP-4, the somite was transformed completely to lateral plate; with a low level, the somite formed but was occupied by the lateral somitic component expressing cSim 1, a marker for the lateral somite. These results suggest that different thresholds of effective BMP-4 determine distinct subtypes of the mesoderm as a lateralizer during early development.

scholarly journals Homeobox genes and connective tissue patterning

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Oliver ◽  
R. Wehr ◽  
N.A. Jenkins ◽  
N.G. Copeland ◽  
B.N. Cheyette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Tissue Patterning

In vertebrates, limb tendons are derived from cells that migrate from the lateral plate mesoderm during early development. While some of the developmental steps leading to the formation of these tissues are known, little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling them. We have identified two murine homeobox-containing genes, Six 1 and Six 2, which are expressed in a complementary fashion during the development of limb tendons. Transcripts for both genes are found in different sets of phalangeal tendons. Six 1 and Six 2 also are expressed in skeletal and smooth muscle, respectively. These genes may participate in the patterning of the distal tendons of the limb phalanges by setting positional values along the limb axes.

scholarly journals Analyses of Avascular Mutants Reveal Unique Transcriptomic Signature of Non-conventional Endothelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boryeong Pak ◽  
Christopher E. Schmitt ◽  
Woosoung Choi ◽  
Jun-Dae Kim ◽  
Orjin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Developmental Origin ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature

Endothelial cells appear to emerge from diverse progenitors. However, to which extent their developmental origin contributes to define their cellular and molecular characteristics remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a subset of endothelial cells that emerge from the tailbud possess unique molecular characteristics that set them apart from stereotypical lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)-derived endothelial cells. Lineage tracing shows that these tailbud-derived endothelial cells arise at mid-somitogenesis stages, and surprisingly do not require Npas4l or Etsrp function, indicating that they have distinct spatiotemporal origins and are regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms. Microarray and single cell RNA-seq analyses reveal that somitogenesis- and neurogenesis-associated transcripts are over-represented in these tailbud-derived endothelial cells, suggesting that they possess a unique transcriptomic signature. Taken together, our results further reveal the diversity of endothelial cells with respect to their developmental origin and molecular properties, and provide compelling evidence that the molecular characteristics of endothelial cells may reflect their distinct developmental history.

scholarly journals Calretinin expression in molecular subtypes of invasive carcinoma breast

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Suryagayathri Venugopal ◽  
Cicy P. J. ◽  
Deepa S. ◽  
Sankar Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Carcinoma Breast ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death  in women worldwide. Breast carcinoma is currently managed by assessing clinicopathological features. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of breast carcinoma  may lead to the development of new targeted therapies, particularly in triple negative cancers. Literature shows a few studies on the expression of calretinin  in breast carcinoma particularly in basal like type and its prognostic significance.  In this study, authors are trying  to assess the expression of  a new marker calretinin in different molecular subtypes of invasive carcinoma breast.Methods: This study was done in  107 cases of invasive carcinoma breast specimens received in  Department of Pathology, Government Medical college, Kottayam from December  2017 to May 2019.Results: Among the molecular subtypes, Basal like tumours showed 68.4% of cases with high level and 31.6% of cases with low level calretinin expression which is comparable with the study by Farrag et al. All the other molecular subgroups showed predominantly low level of calretinin expression.Conclusions: Different molecular subtypes of invasive carcinoma breast showed varied calretinin expression. High level calretinin expression was significantly associated with grade 3 (p value = 0.002), ER negativity (p = 0.004), PR negativity (p = 0.018)  and Basal like molecular subtype (p : <0.001). This suggests that calretinin might play a role in pathogenesis of basal like breast carcinomas.

Coelom formation: binary decision of the lateral plate mesoderm is controlled by the ectoderm

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (18) ◽  
pp. 4129-4138 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Funayama ◽  
Y. Sato ◽  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Ogura ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Coelom Formation

Most triploblastic animals including vertebrates have a coelomic cavity that separates the outer and inner components of the body. The coelom is lined by two different tissue components, somatopleure and splanchnopleure, which are derived from the lateral plate region. Thus, the coelom is constructed as a result of a binary decision during early specification of the lateral plate. In this report we studied the molecular mechanisms of this binary decision. We first demonstrate that the splitting of the lateral plate into the two cell sheets progresses in an anteroposterior order and this progression is not coordinated with that of the somitic segmentation. By a series of embryological manipulations we found that young splanchnic mesoderm is still competent to be respecified as somatic mesoderm, and the ectoderm overlying the lateral plate is sufficient for this redirection. The lateral ectoderm is also required for maintenance of the somatic character of the mesoderm. Thus, the ectoderm plays at least two roles in the early subdivision of the lateral plate: specification and maintenance of the somatic mesoderm. We also show that the latter interactions are mediated by BMP molecules that are localized in the lateral ectoderm. Evolutionary aspects of the coelom formation are also considered.

scholarly journals Expression of (beta)-catenin in the developing chick myotome is regulated by myogenic signals

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (19) ◽  
pp. 4105-4113
Author(s):  
M. Schmidt ◽  
M. Tanaka ◽  
A. Munsterberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Myogenic Precursor

The developmental signals that govern cell specification and differentiation in vertebrate somites are well understood. However, little is known about the downstream signalling pathways involved. We have shown previously that a combination of Shh protein and Wnt1 or Wnt3a-expressing fibroblasts is sufficient to activate skeletal muscle-specific gene expression in somite explants. Here, we have examined the molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt-mediated signal acts on myogenic precursor cells. We show that chick frizzled 1 (Fz1), beta-catenin and Lef1 are expressed during somitogenesis. Lef1 and beta-catenin transcripts become restricted to the developing myotome. Furthermore, beta-catenin is expressed prior to the time at which MyoD transcripts can be detected. Expression of beta-catenin mRNA is regulated by positive and negative signals derived from neural tube, notochord and lateral plate mesoderm. These signals include Bmp4, Shh and Wnt1/Wnt3a itself. In somite explants, Fz1, beta-catenin and Lef1 are expressed prior to activation of myogenesis in response to Shh and Wnt signals. Thus, our data show that a combination of Shh and Wnt1 upregulates expression of Wnt pathway components in developing somites prior to myogenesis. Thus, Wnt1 could act through beta-catenin on cells in the myotome.

The surface ectoderm is essential for nephric duct formation in intermediate mesoderm

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Obara-Ishihara ◽  
J. Kuhlman ◽  
L. Niswander ◽  
D. Herzlinger
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Surface Ectoderm ◽  
Intermediate Mesoderm ◽  
Coated Bead ◽  
Urogenital Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lateral Mesoderm

The nephric duct is the first epithelial tubule to differentiate from intermediate mesoderm that is essential for all further urogenital development. In this study we identify the domain of intermediate mesoderm that gives rise to the nephric duct and demonstrate that the surface ectoderm is required for its differentiation. Removal of the surface ectoderm resulted in decreased levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in mesenchymal nephric duct progenitors, and caused inhibition of nephric duct formation and subsequent kidney development. The surface ectoderm expresses BMP-4 and we show that it is required for the maintenance of high-level BMP-4 expression in lateral plate mesoderm. Addition of a BMP-4-coated bead to embryos lacking the surface ectoderm restored normal levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in nephric duct progenitors, nephric duct formation and the initiation of nephrogenesis. Thus, BMP-4 signaling can substitute for the surface ectoderm in supporting nephric duct morphogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that inductive interactions between the surface ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and intermediate mesoderm are essential for nephric duct formation and the initiation of urogenital development.

scholarly journals Accumulation of c-src mRNA is developmentally regulated in embryonic neural retina.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4109-4111 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Vardimon ◽  
L E Fox ◽  
A A Moscona
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Histone Mrna ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Adult Retina ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Embryonic Life

Accumulation of c-src mRNA gradually increased during early development of the neural retina in chicken embryos and reached a peak by days 11 to 13 of embryonic life. Thereafter, its amount declined to a low level which persisted also in adult retina. The early increase in c-src mRNA correlated inversely with the decrease in the amount of H3.2 replication histone mRNA and with the decline in the rate of cell growth. The accumulation profile of c-src mRNA corresponded to that of pp60c-src protein, suggesting that the latter is regulated at the level of transcription.

Accumulation of c-src mRNA is developmentally regulated in embryonic neural retina

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4109-4111
Author(s):  
L Vardimon ◽  
L E Fox ◽  
A A Moscona
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Histone Mrna ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Adult Retina ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Embryonic Life

Accumulation of c-src mRNA gradually increased during early development of the neural retina in chicken embryos and reached a peak by days 11 to 13 of embryonic life. Thereafter, its amount declined to a low level which persisted also in adult retina. The early increase in c-src mRNA correlated inversely with the decrease in the amount of H3.2 replication histone mRNA and with the decline in the rate of cell growth. The accumulation profile of c-src mRNA corresponded to that of pp60c-src protein, suggesting that the latter is regulated at the level of transcription.

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