scholarly journals Genetic developmental timing revealed by inter-species transplantations in fish

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (22) ◽  
pp. dev192500
Author(s):  
Jana Franziska Fuhrmann ◽  
Lorena Buono ◽  
Leonie Adelmann ◽  
Juan Ramón Martinez-Morales ◽  
Lazaro Centanin
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Heterologous Transplantation ◽  
Donor Cells

ABSTRACTThe path from a fertilised egg to an embryo involves the coordinated formation of cell types, tissues and organs. Developmental modules comprise discrete units specified by self-sufficient genetic programs that can interact with each other during embryogenesis. Here, we have taken advantage of the different span of embryonic development between two distantly related teleosts, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) (3 and 9 days, respectively), to explore modularity principles. We report that inter-species blastula transplantations result in the ectopic formation of a retina formed by donor cells – a module. We show that the time taken for the retina to develop follows a genetic program: an ectopic zebrafish retina in medaka develops with zebrafish dynamics. Heterologous transplantation results in a temporal decoupling between the donor retina and host organism, illustrated by two paradigms that require retina-host interactions: lens recruitment and retino-tectal projections. Our results uncover a new experimental system for addressing temporal decoupling along embryonic development, and highlight the presence of largely autonomous but interconnected developmental modules that orchestrate organogenesis.

scholarly journals Genetic Developmental Timing Revealed by Inter-Species Transplantations in Fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Franziska Fuhrmann ◽  
Lorena Buono ◽  
Juan Ramón Martinez Morales ◽  
Lázaro Centanin
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Heterologous Transplantation ◽  
Donor Cells

AbstractThe path from a fertilised egg to an embryo involves the coordinated formation of cell types, tissues and organs. Developmental modules (Raff, 1996) comprise discrete units specified by self-sufficient genetic programs that can interact among each other during embryogenesis. Here we took advantage of the different span of embryonic development between two far related teleosts, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes), of 3 and 9 days respectively, to explore modularity principles. We report that inter-species blastula transplantations result in the ectopic formation of a retina formed by donor cells — a module. We show that the developmental time of the retina follows a genetic program: an ectopic zebrafish retina in medaka develops with zebrafish dynamics. Heterologous transplantation results in a temporal decoupling between the donor retina and host organism, illustrated by two paradigms that require retina-host interactions: lens recruitment and retino-tectal projections. Our results uncover a new experimental system to address temporal decoupling along embryonic development, and highlight the presence of largely autonomous but yet interconnected developmental modules orchestrating organogenesis.

scholarly journals Organoids to Dissect Gastrointestinal Virus–Host Interactions: What Have We Learned?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Sue E. Crawford ◽  
Sasirekha Ramani ◽  
Sarah E. Blutt ◽  
Mary K. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Human Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Human Viruses ◽  
Human Infections

Historically, knowledge of human host–enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host–microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.

scholarly journals The ecotoxicological contaminant Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH) impacts embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2021 ◽  
pp. 105815
Author(s):  
Julian Navarrete ◽  
Peyton Wilson ◽  
Nicholas Allsing ◽  
Chandi Gordon ◽  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Danio Rerio

Characterization and toxicology evaluation of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the embryonic development of zebrafish, Danio rerio

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthiga P. ◽  
Ponnanikajamideen M. ◽  
R. Samuel Rajendran ◽  
Gurusamy Annadurai ◽  
S. Rajeshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles

Toxic effects of indoxacarb enantiomers on the embryonic development and induction of apoptosis in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio)

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Fan ◽  
Qing Feng ◽  
Kehua Lai ◽  
Weikang Huang ◽  
Chenghui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

scholarly journals Modulation of Insulin Gene Expression with CRISPR/Cas9-based Transcription Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 876-881
Author(s):  
Bakhytzhan Alzhanuly ◽  
Zhussipbek Y. Mukhatayev ◽  
Dauren M. Botbayev ◽  
Yeldar Ashirbekov ◽  
Nurlybek D. Katkenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Diabetes Type I ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Insulin Gene Expression

Background: The discovery and use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology have enabled researchers throughout the globe to continuously edit genomes for the benefit of science and medicine. Diabetes type I is one field of medicine where CRISPR/Cas9 has a strong potential for cell therapy development. The long-lasting paucity of healthy cells for clinical transplantation into diabetic patients has led to the search of new methods for producing β-cells from other human cell types. Embryonic stem cells are being studied worldwide as one most promising solution of this need. Aim: The aim of the study is to to check the feasibility of modulating human insulin transcription using CRISPR/Cas9-based synthetic transcription regulation factors. Results: A new approach for creating potential therapeutic donor cells with enhanced and suppressed insulin production based on one of the latest achievements of human genome editing was developed. Both synthetic transcription activator (VP64) and transcription repressor (KRAB) proteins were shown to function adequately well as a part of the whole CRISPR/Cas9-based system. We claim that our results have a lot to offer and can bring light to many studies where numerous labs are struggling on to treat this disease.

scholarly journals B-1 lymphoid cells develop independently of Notch signaling during mouse embryonic development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Azevedo ◽  
Elisa Bertesago ◽  
Ismail Ismailoglu ◽  
Michael Kyba ◽  
Michihiro Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

AbstractThe in vitro generation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) of different blood cell types, in particular those that are not replenished by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) like fetal-derived tissue-resident macrophages and innate-like lymphocytes, is of a particular interest. In order to succeed in this endeavor, a thorough understanding of the pathway interplay promoting lineage specification for the different blood cell types is needed. Notch signaling is essential for the HSC generation and their derivatives, but its requirement for tissue-resident immune cells is unknown. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to recapitulate murine embryonic development, we have studied the requirement for Notch signaling during the earliest B-lymphopoiesis and found that Rbpj-deficient mESCs are able to generate B-1 cells. Their Notch-independence was confirmed in ex vivo experiments using Rbpj-deficient embryos. In addition, we found that upregulation of Notch signaling was needed for the emergence of B-2 lymphoid cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that control of Notch signaling dosage is critical for the different B-cell lineage specification and provides pivotal information for their in vitro generation from PSCs for therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Smooth muscle: a stiff sculptor of epithelial shapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1759) ◽  
pp. 20170318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Jaslove ◽  
Celeste M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Mesenchymal Tissue

Smooth muscle is increasingly recognized as a key mechanical sculptor of epithelia during embryonic development. Smooth muscle is a mesenchymal tissue that surrounds the epithelia of organs including the gut, blood vessels, lungs, bladder, ureter, uterus, oviduct and epididymis. Smooth muscle is stiffer than its adjacent epithelium and often serves its morphogenetic function by physically constraining the growth of a proliferating epithelial layer. This constraint leads to mechanical instabilities and epithelial morphogenesis through buckling. Smooth muscle stiffness alone, without smooth muscle cell shortening, seems to be sufficient to drive epithelial morphogenesis. Fully understanding the development of organs that use smooth muscle stiffness as a driver of morphogenesis requires investigating how smooth muscle develops, a key aspect of which is distinguishing smooth muscle-like tissues from one another in vivo and in culture. This necessitates a comprehensive appreciation of the genetic, anatomical and functional markers that are used to distinguish the different subtypes of smooth muscle (for example, vascular versus visceral) from similar cell types (including myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells). Here, we review how smooth muscle acts as a mechanical driver of morphogenesis and discuss ways of identifying smooth muscle, which is critical for understanding these morphogenetic events. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Mechanics of Development’.

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