Production of nerveless Hydra attenuata by hydroxyurea treatments

1979 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
P.G. Sacks ◽  
L.E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Small Variance ◽  
New Type ◽  
Hydra Attenuata ◽  
Cell Densities

Hydroxyurea was used to produce hydra with varying nerve cell densities including a new type of nerveless animal. Hydra attenuata were treated with 10(−2) M hydroxyurea. By 23 days after treatment, 2 populations of animals are in culture. Both have a decrease in nerve cells. The first is a normal-coloured feeding animal (HU-R) and is recovering while the second is a pale non-feeding animal (HU-P). HU-P animals resemble nerveless animals in their lack of behavioural responses but they contain about 2% nerve cells. Upon hand feeding, some HU-P animals will recover but most will produce nerveless buds. Neverless hydra produced by hydroxyurea resemble nerveless animals produced by other techniques, in their behavioural, morphological and developmental properties. Normal animals, as cultured and in regeneration experiments, show a compact tentacle number distribution pattern with a small variance. Nerveless animals show broad tentacle distribution patterns with increased means and variances. It is suggested that a normal tentacle number regulatory mechanism is lacking or diminished in nerveless animals. This defect is correlated with hypostomal circumference and with nerve cells.

Regulation of interstitial cell differentiation in Hydra attenuata. VI. Positional pattern of nerve cell commitment is independent of local nerve cell density

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
S. Heimfeld ◽  
H.R. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydra Attenuata ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Cell Commitment ◽  
Body Column

The interstitial cell of hydra is a multipotent stem cell, which produces nerve cells as one of its differentiated cell types. The amount of interstitial cell commitment to nerve differentiation varies in an axially dependent pattern along the body column. The distribution of nerve cell density has the same equivalent axial pattern. These facts have led to speculation that the regulation of nerve cell commitment is dictated by the nerve cell density. We examined this question by assaying interstitial cell commitment behaviour in 2 cases where the normal nerve cell density of the tissue had been perturbed: (1) in epithelial hydra in which no nerve cells were present; and (2) in hydra derived from regenerating-tip isolates in which the nerve density was increased nearly 4-fold. We found no evidence of regulation of nerve cell commitment in response to the abnormal nerve cell densities. However, the typical axial pattern of nerve commitment was still obtained in both sets of experiments, which suggests that interstitial cell commitment to nerve differentiation is dependent on some parameter of axial location that is not associated directly with the local nerve cell density.

scholarly journals ROCK1 induces dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis via the activation of Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Changpeng Hu ◽  
Jingbin Huang ◽  
Wuyi Liu ◽  
Wenjing Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Mitochondrial Fission ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Pathologic Basis

Abstract Dopamine deficiency is mainly caused by apoptosis of dopaminergic nerve cells in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the striatum and is an important pathologic basis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent research has shown that dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission plays a crucial role in dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Our study showed that Drp1 knockdown inhibited aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Importantly, we found that ROCK1 was activated in an MPP+-induced PD cell model and that ROCK1 knockdown and the specific ROCK1 activation inhibitor Y-27632 blocked Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of dopaminergic nerve cells by suppressing Drp1 dephosphorylation/activation. Our in vivo study confirmed that Y-27632 significantly improved symptoms in a PD mouse model by inhibiting Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Collectively, our findings suggest an important molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis involving ROCK1-regulated dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis via the activation of Drp1-induced aberrant mitochondrial fission.

scholarly journals Regulation of interstitial cell differentiation in Hydra attenuata. IV. Nerve cell commitment in head regeneration is position-dependent

1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
M.S. Yaross ◽  
H.R. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cell ◽  
Hydra Attenuata ◽  
Cell Commitment ◽  
Head Regeneration

In hydra, nerve cells are a differentiation product of the interstitial cell, a multipotent stem cell. Nerve cell commitment was examined during head regeneration in Hydra attenuata. Within 3 h of head removal there is a 10- to 20-fold increase in nerve cell commitment in the tissue which subsequently forms the new head. Nerve cell commitment is unaltered in the remainder of the gastric region. This local increase in nerve cell commitment is responsible for about one half the new nerve cells formed during head regeneration, while one half differentiate from interstitial cells that migrate into the regenerating tip.

Analisis Rantai Nilai Komoditas Cabai Merah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-346
Author(s):  
Dhamon Oridilla B
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Data Analyst ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
Red Peppers

Candi Village in Bandungan District is one of the Chili Supply Sub-district for Semarang Regency and surrounding area has agro-climate suitable for the development of various agricultural commodities supported by wide market opportunity, so it is suitable for agricultural business development. The purpose of this research is to identify the distribution pattern of red pepper, to know each value of commodity chains and distribution, to design alternative distribution pattern of red pepper.Population in this research is 88 respondents from 735 of member of chilli farmer in Desa Candi with total area of 150,3 hectare consisting of rice field, moor and yard. Methods of data analyst using quantitative approach is done by using Margin Marketing Analysis. The results include: (1) The pattern of distribution of existing farming business grows naturally in accordance with the developments and needs of the perpetrators, the actors in this pattern are farmers, wholesalers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, consumers. (2) The value of the red chili commodity chain in this naturally grown pattern often makes pricing more dominant by traders, so farmers receive prices slightly lower than market prices. (3) Some obstacles faced in distributing red peppers are the difficulty of changing the mindset of the community about advanced farming, this is best utilized by market participants (chain of distribution) who are more informed and always keep abreast of market dynamics. Conventional marketing pattern by farmer cause price level accepted by farmer in general relatively smaller compared to price received by trader. Suggestions shorten the chain of distribution patterns, increase the added value of products and improve the bargaining position of farmers and for the government always guide / accompany farmers in getting accurate market information, which can be used as farmers in bargaining, Increased market transparency can act as a trigger for the functioning of a market, improved competition and increased adaptation to meet the needs of supply and opportunity to compete with market prices. Desa Candi di Kabupaten Bandungan adalah salah satu Kecamatan Penyedia Cabai untuk Kabupaten Semarang dan sekitarnya memiliki agroklimat yang cocok untuk pengembangan berbagai komoditas pertanian yang didukung oleh peluang pasar yang luas, sehingga sangat cocok untuk pengembangan bisnis pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola distribusi cabai merah, untuk mengetahui masing-masing nilai rantai komoditas dan distribusi, untuk merancang alternatif pola distribusi cabai merah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 88 responden dari 735 anggota petani cabai di Desa Candi dengan total luas 150,3 hektar yang terdiri dari sawah, tegalan dan pekarangan. Metode analis data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analisis Pemasaran Margin. Hasil meliputi: (1) Pola distribusi usaha pertanian yang ada tumbuh secara alami sesuai dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan pelaku, pelaku dalam pola ini adalah petani, pedagang besar, pengumpul, pedagang besar, pedagang besar, pengecer, konsumen. (2) Nilai rantai komoditas cabai merah dalam pola yang dikembangkan secara alami ini sering membuat penetapan harga lebih dominan oleh para pedagang, sehingga petani menerima harga yang sedikit lebih rendah daripada harga pasar. (3) Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam mendistribusikan paprika merah adalah sulitnya mengubah pola pikir masyarakat tentang pertanian maju, hal ini paling baik digunakan oleh pelaku pasar (rantai distribusi) yang lebih banyak informasi dan selalu mengikuti perkembangan dinamika pasar. Pola pemasaran konvensional oleh petani menyebabkan tingkat harga yang diterima petani pada umumnya relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan harga yang diterima pedagang. Saran mempersingkat rantai pola distribusi, meningkatkan nilai tambah produk dan meningkatkan posisi tawar petani dan bagi pemerintah selalu membimbing / menemani petani dalam mendapatkan informasi pasar yang akurat, yang dapat digunakan sebagai petani dalam tawar-menawar, Peningkatan transparansi pasar dapat bertindak sebagai pemicu berfungsinya pasar, meningkatnya kompetisi dan peningkatan adaptasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasokan dan peluang untuk bersaing dengan harga pasar.

A.F. De Mezer Posthumous changes in nerve cells, detected by staining according to Nissl. —University Izvestiya. 1900, August, No.8

1901 ◽  
Vol IX (1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
B. Vorotynsky
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The University

The work was carried out in the laboratory of the pathological anatomical institute of the University of St. Vladimira. First, the author describes the structure of the nerve cell, which is detected by staining by the Nissl method, and he separately stops at describing the structure of the processes, nucleus and nucleolus.

Modeling the spatiotemporal intracellular calcium dynamics in nerve cell with strong memory effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Joshi ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Classical Case ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Level ◽  
Calbindin D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractional Parameter

Abstract Calcium signaling in nerve cells is a crucial activity for the human brain to execute a diversity of its functions. An alteration in the signaling process leads to cell death. To date, several attempts registered to study the calcium distribution in nerve cells like neurons, astrocytes, etc. in the form of the integer-order model. In this paper, a fractional-order mathematical model to study the spatiotemporal profile of calcium in nerve cells is assembled and analyzed. The proposed model is solved by the finite element method for space derivative and finite difference method for time derivative. The classical case of the calcium dynamics model is recovered by setting the fractional parameter and that validates the model for classical sense. The numerical computations have systematically presented the impact of a fractional parameter on nerve cells. It is observed that calbindin-D28k provides a significant effect on the spatiotemporal variation of calcium profile due to the amalgamation of the memory of nerve cells. The presence of excess amounts of calbindin-D28k controls the intracellular calcium level and prevents the nerve cell from toxicity.

Ecological and environmental indicators of Brazil Nut Tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) in Flona do Jamari, Rondônia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-751
Author(s):  
Nilson Reinaldo Fernandes dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Diogo Martins Rosa ◽  
José Das Dores de Sá Rocha ◽  
Marta Silvana Volpato Sccoti ◽  
Scheila Cristina Biazatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Individual Trees

Mapping Brazil nut trees in the Amazon is essential for indicating its distribution patterns within different ecosystems, while also being useful to estimate the species productive potential. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of Brazil nut trees in Flona do Jamari – RO, considering its environmental and topographic conditions. A census was performed for all individual trees sized ≥ 35 cm in diameter at 1.30 m breast height (DBH) above the ground of six Annual Production Units (APU) in Forest Management Unit III (FMU-III), a 11,011.2 ha area of Flona do Jamari, RO. DBH and geographic location (GPS) were collected for each tree. Structure and diameter distribution were evaluated by abundance, density, dominance, and frequency. The Morisita index was used to identify the spatial distribution pattern. The environment was defined by the local relative height found along the drainage network, by the digital model Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND). Most trees were among DBH intermediate classes (60 to 140 cm), and only a few were young trees (DBH < 50 cm). Brazil nut trees present a random spatial distribution and a predominant distribution pattern of 'terra-firme (solid ground)'. Such information on the species structural, spatial, and ecological patterns serve as key elements for further studies on production potential.

Comparison of the clinical outcomes and cement distribution patterns after percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of thoracolumbar Kümmell’s disease and OVCFs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Liang Wang ◽  
Ji-Bin Chen ◽  
Te Li
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Fracture Rate ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Cement Distribution ◽  
Kummell’S Disease ◽  
Kümmell’S Disease ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the therapeutic effect and distribution characteristics of bone cement in the PVP treatment for thoracolumbar Kümmell's diseases and OVCFs. Methods A prospective analysis of 35 patients with Kümmell ’s disease (K group) and 35 patients with OVCFs (O group) who underwent PVP treatment from February 2016 to February 2018 was conducted. The vertebral compression rate and degree of osteoporosis were more serious in the K group than in the O group ( P <0.05, respectively). Distribution pattern, volume and leakage rate of bone cement, operation time, VAS score, ODI, correction rates of vertebral compression and kyphosis, re-fracture rate of adjacent vertebrae in 2 years between the two groups were compared to assess clinical effect. Results The follow-up time of the two groups was 24-48 months. The amount of intraoperative bone cement injection was significantly higher in the K group than in the O group ( P =0.025). The cement distribution pattern of local solid lump was dominant in the K group (65.71%), while intercalation with trabeculae was dominant in the O group (74.29%) ( P <0.001). VAS score and ODI were significantly lower both in the two groups at 1 day, 1 year and 2 years after surgery than before surgery (all P <0.05), but significantly lower in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression in both groups was significantly corrected ( P <0.05, respectively) and gradually lost with time ( P <0.05, respectively). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression were significantly higher in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). Conclusions PVP has the advantages of simple operation, short operation time, small trauma and quick recovery in treating both Kümmell's disease and OVCFs. However, PVP can better restore partial vertebral height and correct kyphosis in the treatment of Kümmell's disease, while can better alleviate pain and improve ODI in the treatment of OVCFs.

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