Memoirs: Materials for a Monograph of the Ascons.--I. On the Origin and Growth of the Triradiate and Quadriradiate Spicules in the Family Clathrinidæ

1898 ◽  
Vol s2-40 (160) ◽  
pp. 469-587
Author(s):  
E. A. MINCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Distal Portion ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pore Cell

1. The first appearance of a calcareous spicule or spicular element, both ancestrally and in the actual development, was probably a minute vacuole in a cell of the dermal layer, filled with an organic substance perhaps identical with the intercellular ground substance, within which the minute sclerite appeared as a crystal or concretion. 2. The ancestral sclerite, though crystalline in structure, soon assumed a non-crystalline form as a whole, as an adaptation to its secondarily acquired function of support, and as it grew in size the contents of the vacuole formed the spicule sheath. 3. The ancestral form of spicule in the Calcarea was a simple monaxon, placed tangentially and completely embedded in the body-wall, lying between two adjacent pores. 4. From this ancestral spicule the forms of spicule now occurring in the Calcarea arose as follows: (a) the primitive monaxon acquired a distal portion projecting from the surface, as in the existing primary monaxons; (b) groups consisting each of three primitive monaxons became united by their contiguous ends to form a single triradiate system; (c) to some of the triradiate systems thus formed a fourth ray was added, secreted by the pore-cell, giving rise to the quadriradiate system ; (d) some of the triradiate systems, by loss of one ray and placing of the other two in a straight line, or by loss of two rays, perhaps became modified into secondary monaxon spicules. 5. The power of secreting a monaxon sclerite was primitively possessed by every cell of the dermal layer, and this condition appears to be retained in Leucosolenia. In Clathrina, on the other hand, all the skeletogenous cells migrate inwards from the dermal epithelium, and form a connective-tissue layer distinct in function from the contractile, undifferentiated dermal epithelium. In Leucosolenia also the actinoblasts of the triradiate systems form a deeper layer, but the dermal epithelium secretes primary monaxons--at least in the young form--and is non-contractile. 6. The forms of the spicules are the result of adaptation to the requirements of the sponge as a whole, produced by the action of natural selection upon variation in every direction.

Extended Camus Theory and Higher Order Conjugated Curves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Leeheng Chan ◽  
Kwun-Lon Ting
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Point ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body System ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Pair Generation ◽  
Curvature Theory ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Two Bodies

Abstract According to Camus’ theorem, for a single DOF 3-body system with the three instant centers staying coincident, a point embedded on a body traces a pair of conjugated curves on the other two bodies. This paper discusses a fundamental issue not addressed in Camus’ theorem in the context of higher order curvature theory. Following the Aronhold-Kennedy theorem, in a single degree-of-freedom three-body system, the three instant centers must lie on a straight line. This paper proposes that if the line of the three instant centers is stationary (i.e. slide along itself), on the line of the instant centers a point embedded on a body traces a pair of conjugated curves on the other two bodies. Another case is that if the line of the three instant centers rotate about a stationary point, the stationary point embedded on the body also traces a pair of conjugated curves on the other two bodies. The paper demonstrates the use of instantaneous invariants to synthesize such a three-body system leading to a conjugate curve-pair generation. It is a supplement or extension of the Camus’ theorem. The Camus’ theorem may be regarded as a special singular case, in which all three instant centers are coincident.

Buxtonella sulcata Jameson, 1926 (Protozoa, Ciliata): Cysts and Cyst Formation

Parasitology ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elery R. Becker ◽  
T. S. Hsiung
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dorsal Ridge ◽  
Buxtonella Sulcata

Jameson (1926) has described from the caeca of cattle a ciliate belonging to the family Isotrichidae to which he has given the name Buxtonella sulcata. The most prominent character of this ciliate is a dorsal ridge running in a wide sweeping curve from one end of the body to the other with a groove running down the middle. Other characters of importance are a peculiar indentation near the mouth and the not uncommon occurrence of the macronucleus in two separate rounded portions. Roundish oval cysts of this ciliate, 80 to 100 microns in length by 60 to 80 microns in width, were also found by him.

Multiple records and polymorphism of Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) along the Algerian coast

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5032 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-562
Author(s):  
IHCENE KHODJA ◽  
KARIM MEZALI ◽  
AHMED S. THANDAR
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disk Diameter ◽  
The Family ◽  
Algerian Coast

The family Stichopodidae is represented in the Mediterranean Sea by the genus Parastichopus which includes two non-endemic species; Parastichopus tremulus (Gunnerus, 1767) and Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817). On the Algerian coast (southwestern Mediterranean Sea), two morphotypes of P. regalis were observed, one with dark spots on the dorsal surface and the other non-spotted. In total, 65 individuals of P. regalis were recorded from 22 stations along the Algerian coast during an oceanographic campaign. Twelve individuals (6 of each morphotype) were used for a comparative study of the morphological (including endoskeletal) characteristics. Table ossicles, the only ossicles of the body wall of the two morphotypes of P. regalis, are here compared with regard to the disk diameter of the tables and the total area of the surface of the disc. Statistical analysis did not show any significant differences between the spotted and the non-spotted morphotypes.  

Revision of the Ipsviciidae of the Late Triassic of Queensland (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Scytinopteroidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4860 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-520
Author(s):  
KEVIN J. LAMBKIN
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Surface Sculpture ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Ipsvicia Tillyard, 1919, and Ipsviciopsis Tillyard, 1922, in Tillyard’s new family, Ipsviciidae, were two of the most impressive insects from the Denmark Hill locality of the Late Triassic (Norian) Blackstone Formation, Ipswich Coal Measures, south-eastern Queensland. Substantial new material, including several fragmentary body specimens, from the Dinmore locality in the same formation, has enabled a revision of the two genera, with the following results: Ipsvicia jonesi Tillyard, 1919 (= Ipsvicia maculata Tillyard, 1919, syn. nov., = Ipsvicia acutipennis Tillyard, 1919, syn. nov.), Ipsviciopsis elegans Tillyard, 1922 (= Ipsviciopsis magna Tillyard, 1922, syn. nov.). The tegmen of Ipsviciopsis is distinguished from that of Ipsvicia on its narrower shape and less convex costal margin, simpler surface sculpture, longer basal cell, sinuous R, only slightly angulate CuA, and sinuous base of 1A. The tegmina of both I. jonesi and I. elegans are noteworthy for their variability in apical venation and shape of the apex, with no two specimens quite the same. The tegmen of I. jonesi has extraordinary surface sculpture comprising patches of fine tubercles set in a coarser tuberculate/punctate groundmass, the patches extremely variable in shape and pattern, again with no two specimens the same. A new diagnosis of the Ipsviciidae has identified the unique form of the distal portion of Sc (dSc—a long groove running along the costal space and crossed by many costal veinlets), the complex and highly variable apical venation, and the simple CuA, as the most distinctive characters. Analysis of all previous taxa which have been referred to the Ipsviciidae restricts the family to the Middle to Late Triassic, with records from Australia, China, France, Germany, Japan and Kyrgyzstan, and with one Early Jurassic record from Kyrgyzstan. Ipsvicia langenbergensis Barth, Ansorge et Brauckmann, 2011, from the Late Triassic of Germany meets the diagnosis of Ipsviciopsis and is transferred as Ipsviciopsis langenbergensis (Barth, Ansorge et Brauckmann, 2011) comb. nov. All previous Permian records of the family have now been transferred to other families of the Scyctinopteroidea, and there are also numerous additional unconfirmed Triassic records. The new body specimens of both Ipsvicia and Ipsviciopsis show that the ipsviciids where robust hemipterans with tough, coriaceous, fairly flatly-folded tegmina, with a large, shield-like, highly sculptured pronotum covering all but the mesoscutellum, and apparently much of the head. The body form is not dissimilar to ground-dwelling cockroaches, or more especially some ground-dwelling moist environment Heteroptera, such as the nepomorph family Gelastocoridae. This body form, as well as their frequent occurrence among the rich Dicroidium-dominant flood plain and swamp flora of the Dinmore locality, where they represent nearly 20% of the preserved insect fauna (cockroaches represent 25%), suggest that the ipsviciids were ground-dwelling insects of moisture-rich floral environments. 

THE COCKROACHES OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Gustave Chagnon
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, the order Orthoptera was a loosely interpreted group which has now been restricted to more homogeneous forms. The well known cockroaches which formed the family Blattidae are now considered as a séparate order under the name of Blattaria.The cockroaches are so well known that there is no need for a detailed description of their morphology. They are easily separated from the other insects by their soft bodies, by their oval and flattened form; the antennae are often longer than the body and are composed of many short segments; the head when at rest, is bent under and almost concealed by the pronotum, so that the mouth projects back to the base of the front legs.

scholarly journals Crepant resolutions and open strings II

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brini ◽  
Renzo Cavalieri
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type A ◽  
Projective Planes ◽  
Closed String ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crepant Resolution ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Crepant Resolutions

We recently formulated a number of Crepant Resolution Conjectures (CRC) for open Gromov-Witten invariants of Aganagic-Vafa Lagrangian branes and verified them for the family of threefold type A-singularities. In this paper we enlarge the body of evidence in favor of our open CRCs, along two different strands. In one direction, we consider non-hard Lefschetz targets and verify the disk CRC for local weighted projective planes. In the other, we complete the proof of the quantized (all-genus) open CRC for hard Lefschetz toric Calabi-Yau three dimensional representations by a detailed study of the G-Hilb resolution of $[C^3/G]$ for $G=\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$. Our results have implications for closed-string CRCs of Coates-Iritani-Tseng, Iritani, and Ruan for this class of examples. Comment: v2: typos fixed, minor changes. v3: some minor points have been clarified, further typos fixed. v4: version accepted for publication on EPIGA

scholarly journals IV.—Note on a Mounted Skeleton of a Small Pliosaur, Peloneustes Philarchus, Seeley, sp

1910 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Plaster Models

The skeleton figured on Plate XII is that of a small Pliosaur, Peloneustes philarchus, Seeley, sp. This specimen was obtained from the Oxford Clay in the neighbourhood of Peterborough by Mr. A. N. Leeds, F.G.S., to whom the British Museum is indebted for a great series of more or less perfect skeletons of many species of Oxford Clay Reptiles, including the beautifully preserved and nearly complete examples of Cryptocleidus oxoniensis and the remains of Cetiosaurus leedsi, now mounted in the Gallery of Fossil Reptiles. So far as I am aware, this is the first skeleton of a Pliosaur that has been mounted so as to show the true form of the body in those reptiles. All the bones belong to a single individual, but the left-hand paddle and the distal portion of the other paddles being wanting, they have been represented by plaster models made from the paddles of another individual, which are exhibited on the floor of the case. The left ischium has been modelled from that of the opposite side.

scholarly journals XVIII. On the direction assumed by plants

1848 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 253-275
Keyword(s):  
Solid Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Object ◽  
Metallic Wire ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perennial Herbs

The plants with tendrils are very numerous. According to Mr. Palm there are about five hundred, divided into seventeen families. Of these, one hundred and sixty have a ligneous stem, eighty-three are perennial herbs, and one hundred and seventeen are annuals. My experiments on the mode of curling-up of these organs were made on the tendrils of the Tamus comunis , a plant of the family of the Asparageæ. The tendrils of this plant seem to be a thread-like degeneration of the footstalk of a leaf, whose place they occupy on the stem of the plant. They are at first straight, and are implanted perpendicularly on the stem, so as to form almost a right angle with it; the extreme end of the tendril only has a slight tendency to bend towards the stem. When the tendril of the Tamus is touched by any solid body whatever on a point of its surface not too far from the extremity, it contracts itself from the outside inwards, forming at first a hook and then a curl, so as to embrace the body closely if that body be circular; if angular, the knot is only tight on the angles, and bulges out on the surfaces. When a first knot is tied, the end of the tendril continues to roll itself up in a coil, though not in contact with the body in that part, and the coil slides over the external object, coming nearer and nearer to it so as to embrace it several times: in the mean while, the other end of the tendril continues also to contract itself. In this way as many as seven or eight knots are formed. I have frequently seen three tied before my eyes within the space of a quarter of an hour on a metallic wire, small branches of wood, a pencil, my finger, &c. The contact of any solid body whatever is sufficient to produce this effect; so much so, that although the tendril is evidently destined by nature to support the creeper to which it belongs, by means of the urrounding plants, yet if it chances to meet a part of the very same plant of Tamus of which it is itself a portion, the contact causes it immediately to roll itself up around that portion.

scholarly journals Women's principle and the issue of universal guilt in the novel 'Petruša i Miluša' by Petar Sarić

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Marija Jeftimijević-Mihajlović
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Philosophical Assumption

The main characteristic of the novel Petruša i Miluša by Petar Sarić is an elaborate narrative scheme in the form of two voices, mother's and daughter's, two stories that flow and intertwine, and build a third-a story about a story. With this novel and its specific structure, Sarić, on one hand, continued the formal refinement that begun in his previous novels. On the other hand-on the issue of basic poetic-philosophical assumption connected to the question of personal and general (metaphysical) human guilt-he went further concerning both his creative work and the entire Serbian prose with similar thematic preoccupations. The Dionysian principle is represented by the imperatives of the body, the laws of blood, and Petruša's instinctive reaction, through her unrestrained nature that, at the same time, strives for self-renewal and self-destruction. It is a form of the female principle-creative and destructive at the same time, dark, chthonic as opposed to Miluša's Apollonian orientation, worshiping of light, and her mental illumination. Petruša i Miluša is not a model of a family novel (although it can be assumed). Still, in Sarić's novel, the family is just a focus into which the courses of overall existence converge and in which things are condensed and reflected by their true dimensions. This fact is not at all surprising bearing in mind his previous novels (Sutra stiže Gospodar, and especially Dečak iz Lastve), Sarić has already proved himself as a writer who searches for the deepest secrets of human nature, introducing a reader to the dark realm of the human soul, which is shaped according to his artistic creation and creative intuition.

Analomical description of the foot of a chinese female

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 373-373
Keyword(s):  
Club Foot ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
External Edge ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The foot, of which an account is here given, was obtained from the dead body of a female found floating in the river at Canton, and had all the characters of deformity, consequent upon the prevailing practice of early bandaging, for the purpose of checking its natural growth. To an unpractised eye, it has more the appearance of a congenital malformation, than of being the effect of art, however long continued; and appears at first sight like a club-foot, or an unre­duced dislocation. From the heel to the great toe, the length of the foot measures only five inches; the great toe is bent abruptly back­ wards, and its extremity points directly upwards, while the phalanges of the other toes are doubled in beneath the sole of the foot, leaving scarcely any breadth across the foot, where it is naturally broadest. The heel, instead of projecting backwards, descends in a straight line from the bones of the leg, and imparts a singular appearance to the foot, as if it were kept in a state of permanent extension. From the doubling in of the toes into the sole of the foot, the external edge of the foot is formed in a great measure by the extremities of the meta­tarsal bones, and a deep cleft or hollow appears in the sole of the foot, across its whole breadth. The author gives a minute anatomical description of all these parts, pointing out the deviations from the natural conformation. He remarks that from the diminutive size of the foot, the height of the instep, the deficiency of breadth, and the density of the cellular texture of the foot, all attempts to walk with so deformed a foot, must be extremely awkward; and that in order to preserve an equilibrium in an erect position, the body must neces­sarily be bent forwards with a painful effort, and with a very consi­derable exertion of muscular power.

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