scholarly journals XVIII. On the direction assumed by plants

1848 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 253-275
Keyword(s):  
Solid Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Object ◽  
Metallic Wire ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perennial Herbs

The plants with tendrils are very numerous. According to Mr. Palm there are about five hundred, divided into seventeen families. Of these, one hundred and sixty have a ligneous stem, eighty-three are perennial herbs, and one hundred and seventeen are annuals. My experiments on the mode of curling-up of these organs were made on the tendrils of the Tamus comunis , a plant of the family of the Asparageæ. The tendrils of this plant seem to be a thread-like degeneration of the footstalk of a leaf, whose place they occupy on the stem of the plant. They are at first straight, and are implanted perpendicularly on the stem, so as to form almost a right angle with it; the extreme end of the tendril only has a slight tendency to bend towards the stem. When the tendril of the Tamus is touched by any solid body whatever on a point of its surface not too far from the extremity, it contracts itself from the outside inwards, forming at first a hook and then a curl, so as to embrace the body closely if that body be circular; if angular, the knot is only tight on the angles, and bulges out on the surfaces. When a first knot is tied, the end of the tendril continues to roll itself up in a coil, though not in contact with the body in that part, and the coil slides over the external object, coming nearer and nearer to it so as to embrace it several times: in the mean while, the other end of the tendril continues also to contract itself. In this way as many as seven or eight knots are formed. I have frequently seen three tied before my eyes within the space of a quarter of an hour on a metallic wire, small branches of wood, a pencil, my finger, &c. The contact of any solid body whatever is sufficient to produce this effect; so much so, that although the tendril is evidently destined by nature to support the creeper to which it belongs, by means of the urrounding plants, yet if it chances to meet a part of the very same plant of Tamus of which it is itself a portion, the contact causes it immediately to roll itself up around that portion.

IV. On the expansion by heat of metals and alloys

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 220-222
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

In a paper “ On the Expansion by Heat of Water and Mercury” *, a method of determining the expansion of bodies is described, by which good results can be obtained with comparatively small quantities of the substances to be experimented with. This method, that of weighing the body in water at different temperatures, has been employed for the present research. The results obtained are given in the following Tables:— From the above the following conclusion is drawn-namely, that just as it may be said that the specific gravity of an alloy is approximately equal to the mean specific gravities of the component metals , so also from the foregoing we may deduce that the volume which an alloy will occupy at any temperature between 0° and 100° is approximately equal to the mean of the volumes o f the component metals at the same temperature, or, in the other words, the cubical or linear coefficients o f expansion by heat of an alloy between 0° and 100° are approximately equal to the mean of the cubical or linear coefficients of expansion by heat o f the component metals .

Unsteady Conduction in a Horizontal Solid Cylinder Cooled by Natural Convection: Alternate Lumped Criterion in Terms of the Solid Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Campo ◽  
Jaime Sieres
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Solid Body ◽  
Biot Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Convective Coefficient ◽  
The Mean

Within the framework of the potent lumped model, unsteady heat conduction takes place in a solid body whose space–mean temperature varies with time. Conceptually, the lumped model subscribes to the notion that the external convective resistance at the body surface dominates the internal conductive resistance inside the body. For forced convection heat exchange between a solid body and a neighboring fluid, the criterion entails to the lumped Biot number Bil=(h¯/ks)(V/A)<0.1, in which the mean convective coefficient h¯ depends on the impressed fluid velocity. However, for natural convection heat exchange between a solid body and a fluid, the mean convective coefficient h¯ depends on the solid-to-fluid temperature difference. As a consequence, the lumped Biot number must be modified to read Bil=(h¯max/ks)(V/A)<0.1, wherein h¯max occurs at the initial temperature Ti for cooling or at a future temperature Tfut for heating. In this paper, the equivalence of the lumped Biot number criterion is deduced from the standpoint of the solid thermal conductivity through the solid-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio.

Buxtonella sulcata Jameson, 1926 (Protozoa, Ciliata): Cysts and Cyst Formation

Parasitology ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elery R. Becker ◽  
T. S. Hsiung
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dorsal Ridge ◽  
Buxtonella Sulcata

Jameson (1926) has described from the caeca of cattle a ciliate belonging to the family Isotrichidae to which he has given the name Buxtonella sulcata. The most prominent character of this ciliate is a dorsal ridge running in a wide sweeping curve from one end of the body to the other with a groove running down the middle. Other characters of importance are a peculiar indentation near the mouth and the not uncommon occurrence of the macronucleus in two separate rounded portions. Roundish oval cysts of this ciliate, 80 to 100 microns in length by 60 to 80 microns in width, were also found by him.

Multiple records and polymorphism of Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) along the Algerian coast

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5032 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-562
Author(s):  
IHCENE KHODJA ◽  
KARIM MEZALI ◽  
AHMED S. THANDAR
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disk Diameter ◽  
The Family ◽  
Algerian Coast

The family Stichopodidae is represented in the Mediterranean Sea by the genus Parastichopus which includes two non-endemic species; Parastichopus tremulus (Gunnerus, 1767) and Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817). On the Algerian coast (southwestern Mediterranean Sea), two morphotypes of P. regalis were observed, one with dark spots on the dorsal surface and the other non-spotted. In total, 65 individuals of P. regalis were recorded from 22 stations along the Algerian coast during an oceanographic campaign. Twelve individuals (6 of each morphotype) were used for a comparative study of the morphological (including endoskeletal) characteristics. Table ossicles, the only ossicles of the body wall of the two morphotypes of P. regalis, are here compared with regard to the disk diameter of the tables and the total area of the surface of the disc. Statistical analysis did not show any significant differences between the spotted and the non-spotted morphotypes.  

THE COCKROACHES OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Gustave Chagnon
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, the order Orthoptera was a loosely interpreted group which has now been restricted to more homogeneous forms. The well known cockroaches which formed the family Blattidae are now considered as a séparate order under the name of Blattaria.The cockroaches are so well known that there is no need for a detailed description of their morphology. They are easily separated from the other insects by their soft bodies, by their oval and flattened form; the antennae are often longer than the body and are composed of many short segments; the head when at rest, is bent under and almost concealed by the pronotum, so that the mouth projects back to the base of the front legs.

scholarly journals Crepant resolutions and open strings II

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brini ◽  
Renzo Cavalieri
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type A ◽  
Projective Planes ◽  
Closed String ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crepant Resolution ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Crepant Resolutions

We recently formulated a number of Crepant Resolution Conjectures (CRC) for open Gromov-Witten invariants of Aganagic-Vafa Lagrangian branes and verified them for the family of threefold type A-singularities. In this paper we enlarge the body of evidence in favor of our open CRCs, along two different strands. In one direction, we consider non-hard Lefschetz targets and verify the disk CRC for local weighted projective planes. In the other, we complete the proof of the quantized (all-genus) open CRC for hard Lefschetz toric Calabi-Yau three dimensional representations by a detailed study of the G-Hilb resolution of $[C^3/G]$ for $G=\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$. Our results have implications for closed-string CRCs of Coates-Iritani-Tseng, Iritani, and Ruan for this class of examples. Comment: v2: typos fixed, minor changes. v3: some minor points have been clarified, further typos fixed. v4: version accepted for publication on EPIGA

scholarly journals Situation of obstetric fistula in a marginalized teagarden community of Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study.

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed Md. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Timely Referral

Aims: To explore the situation of obstetric fistula among the teagarden women in Bangladesh. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted. During the screening, a total number of five obstetric fistula cases identified from the 10 teagardens covering around 50 thousand populations. The study performed in depth face to face interview with the all women with a guideline. Results: The mean age was 41 years.  All were married before 15 years of age and delivered the following year. Obstructed labour was the reason for fistula in all cases. Mean duration of suffering was 19 years. One woman is found divorced, two woman’s husband leaves her and two is continuing her conjugal life. In all cases, husband separated and women were living alone. Only one woman receiving treatment from a tertiary facility left treatment due to economic crisis. The other causes of not receiving treatment include lack of knowledge and its treatment, misperception of self recovery, negligence, lack of time due to job at teagarden, ignorance, transportation and economic crisis. All women faced serious negligence and were culturally restricted to attend the family or religious programme. All women wanted to be cured. Conclusions: Focused intervention is required to eliminate obstetric fistula, very small number of cases flag many stories. It is likely teagarden catchment areas in Bangladesh is vulnerable with obstetric fistula cases which are still unexplored. It’s important to know actual epidemiology of obstetric fistula in the teagarden community, on the other hands it also demands for establishment of timely referral pathway, proper management system including rehabilitation and reintegration in order to reduce or eliminate obstetric fistula in Bangladesh by 2030.

Memoirs: Materials for a Monograph of the Ascons.--I. On the Origin and Growth of the Triradiate and Quadriradiate Spicules in the Family Clathrinidæ

1898 ◽  
Vol s2-40 (160) ◽  
pp. 469-587
Author(s):  
E. A. MINCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Distal Portion ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pore Cell

1. The first appearance of a calcareous spicule or spicular element, both ancestrally and in the actual development, was probably a minute vacuole in a cell of the dermal layer, filled with an organic substance perhaps identical with the intercellular ground substance, within which the minute sclerite appeared as a crystal or concretion. 2. The ancestral sclerite, though crystalline in structure, soon assumed a non-crystalline form as a whole, as an adaptation to its secondarily acquired function of support, and as it grew in size the contents of the vacuole formed the spicule sheath. 3. The ancestral form of spicule in the Calcarea was a simple monaxon, placed tangentially and completely embedded in the body-wall, lying between two adjacent pores. 4. From this ancestral spicule the forms of spicule now occurring in the Calcarea arose as follows: (a) the primitive monaxon acquired a distal portion projecting from the surface, as in the existing primary monaxons; (b) groups consisting each of three primitive monaxons became united by their contiguous ends to form a single triradiate system; (c) to some of the triradiate systems thus formed a fourth ray was added, secreted by the pore-cell, giving rise to the quadriradiate system ; (d) some of the triradiate systems, by loss of one ray and placing of the other two in a straight line, or by loss of two rays, perhaps became modified into secondary monaxon spicules. 5. The power of secreting a monaxon sclerite was primitively possessed by every cell of the dermal layer, and this condition appears to be retained in Leucosolenia. In Clathrina, on the other hand, all the skeletogenous cells migrate inwards from the dermal epithelium, and form a connective-tissue layer distinct in function from the contractile, undifferentiated dermal epithelium. In Leucosolenia also the actinoblasts of the triradiate systems form a deeper layer, but the dermal epithelium secretes primary monaxons--at least in the young form--and is non-contractile. 6. The forms of the spicules are the result of adaptation to the requirements of the sponge as a whole, produced by the action of natural selection upon variation in every direction.

scholarly journals Integration of Proprioceptive and Visual Position-Information: An Experimentally Supported Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. van Beers ◽  
Anne C. Sittig ◽  
Jan J. Denier van der Gon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Variable Errors ◽  
Available Information

Integration of proprioceptive and visual position-information: an experimentally supported model. To localize one’s hand, i.e., to find out its position with respect to the body, humans may use proprioceptive information or visual information or both. It is still not known how the CNS combines simultaneous proprioceptive and visual information. In this study, we investigate in what position in a horizontal plane a hand is localized on the basis of simultaneous proprioceptive and visual information and compare this to the positions in which it is localized on the basis of proprioception only and vision only. Seated at a table, subjects matched target positions on the table top with their unseen left hand under the table. The experiment consisted of three series. In each of these series, the target positions were presented in three conditions: by vision only, by proprioception only, or by both vision and proprioception. In one of the three series, the visual information was veridical. In the other two, it was modified by prisms that displaced the visual field to the left and to the right, respectively. The results show that the mean of the positions indicated in the condition with both vision and proprioception generally lies off the straight line through the means of the other two conditions. In most cases the mean lies on the side predicted by a model describing the integration of multisensory information. According to this model, the visual information and the proprioceptive information are weighted with direction-dependent weights, the weights being related to the direction-dependent precision of the information in such a way that the available information is used very efficiently. Because the proposed model also can explain the unexpectedly small sizes of the variable errors in the localization of a seen hand that were reported earlier, there is strong evidence to support this model. The results imply that the CNS has knowledge about the direction-dependent precision of the proprioceptive and visual information.

scholarly journals Women's principle and the issue of universal guilt in the novel 'Petruša i Miluša' by Petar Sarić

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Marija Jeftimijević-Mihajlović
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Philosophical Assumption

The main characteristic of the novel Petruša i Miluša by Petar Sarić is an elaborate narrative scheme in the form of two voices, mother's and daughter's, two stories that flow and intertwine, and build a third-a story about a story. With this novel and its specific structure, Sarić, on one hand, continued the formal refinement that begun in his previous novels. On the other hand-on the issue of basic poetic-philosophical assumption connected to the question of personal and general (metaphysical) human guilt-he went further concerning both his creative work and the entire Serbian prose with similar thematic preoccupations. The Dionysian principle is represented by the imperatives of the body, the laws of blood, and Petruša's instinctive reaction, through her unrestrained nature that, at the same time, strives for self-renewal and self-destruction. It is a form of the female principle-creative and destructive at the same time, dark, chthonic as opposed to Miluša's Apollonian orientation, worshiping of light, and her mental illumination. Petruša i Miluša is not a model of a family novel (although it can be assumed). Still, in Sarić's novel, the family is just a focus into which the courses of overall existence converge and in which things are condensed and reflected by their true dimensions. This fact is not at all surprising bearing in mind his previous novels (Sutra stiže Gospodar, and especially Dečak iz Lastve), Sarić has already proved himself as a writer who searches for the deepest secrets of human nature, introducing a reader to the dark realm of the human soul, which is shaped according to his artistic creation and creative intuition.

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